{"id":185259,"date":"2021-02-10T07:26:53","date_gmt":"2021-02-10T06:26:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=185259"},"modified":"2021-02-10T07:26:53","modified_gmt":"2021-02-10T06:26:53","slug":"stara-sumava-o-tucnem-ctvrtku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=185259","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O Tu\u010dn\u00e9m \u010dtvrtku"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Za star\u0161\u00edch \u010das\u016f za\u010d\u00ednalo hodov\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e v tento den, na Tu\u010dn\u00fd \u010dtvrtek m\u00e1 chasa odp\u016fldne pr\u00e1zdno. V ten den va\u0159\u00ed a pe\u010de hospodyn\u011b maso, sma\u017e\u00ed sma\u017eenice \u010dili \u0161i\u0161ky, buchty a vdolky. ..<\/h6>\n

Zimn\u00ed \u010das je spojen s \u0159adou zvyk\u016f a tradic, ke kter\u00fdm pat\u0159\u00ed i masopust. Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou jeho posledn\u00ed dny spojen\u00e9 s radov\u00e1nkami a hodov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n

… Cyklus zvyk\u016f a oby\u010dej\u016f kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edho masopustu zahajuje Tu\u010dn\u00fd \u010dtvrtek, n\u011bkde bez okolk\u016f naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Tlust\u00fd \u010dtvrtek, nebo\u0165 t\u00edmto dnem vstupuje ob\u017eerstv\u00ed a nabit\u00e9 masopustn\u00ed obdob\u00ed do mohutn\u00e9ho fin\u00e1le. Je to den, kdy se nav\u0161t\u011bvovali soused\u00e9 doma a v hospod\u011b, aby tu p\u0159i muzice jedli, pili, besedovali i tan\u010dili a p\u0159ed nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm p\u016fstem se dosyta najedli va\u0159en\u00e9ho a pe\u010den\u00e9ho masa, \u0161i\u0161ek a koblih, proto\u017ee podle tradice se n\u00e1m m\u00e1 lesknout huba omastkem, abychom nejen p\u016fst, ale i na cel\u00fd rok nabrali s\u00edlu.<\/p>\n

Tradice je zn\u00e1ma ji\u017e z doby posledn\u00edch P\u0159emyslovc\u016f na \u010desk\u00e9m tr\u016fnu, to se ov\u0161em t\u00fdkala hlavn\u011b masa. Tradice je star\u00e1 \u0159adu stalet\u00ed. \u201e\u017deny cht\u011bly kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 \u0161aty a mu\u017ei se cht\u011bli veselit,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e u\u017e Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160t\u00edtn\u00fd ze \u0160t\u00edtn\u00e9ho ve sv\u00fdch spisech ze 14. stolet\u00ed. Popisuje tak\u00e9, \u017ee B\u016fh pl\u00e1\u010de nad h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed b\u011bhem t\u011bchto oslav povoluj\u00ed sv\u00e9 mravy a dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed se ob\u017eerstv\u00ed a smilstva. \u0158ada far\u00e1\u0159\u016f i filosof\u016f se tak oslav\u00e1m stranila a brala je jako spole\u010densk\u00e9 odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed uct\u00edvat \u010f\u00e1bla, jak popisuje \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt ve sv\u00e9 knize Oby\u010deje, pov\u011bry, slavnosti a z\u00e1bavy. \u201eLid\u00e9 si libovali v ob\u017eerstv\u00ed a smilstvu. Ve sv\u00e9 hrdosti bujej\u00ed, plij\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 Boha \u0159e\u010di protivn\u00fdmi. Libuj\u00ed si v \u0161eredn\u00fdch \u0159e\u010dech i v \u0161eredn\u00fdch p\u00edsn\u00edch,\u201c cituje Z\u00edbrt z\u00e1pisky filosof\u016f z doby p\u0159ed 700 lety.<\/p>\n

V 18. stolet\u00ed se ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed masopustn\u00edho \u010dtvrte\u010dn\u00edho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku na vesnici stala vep\u0159ov\u00e1 pe\u010den\u011b se zel\u00edm a knedl\u00edkem, kter\u00e1 se o stolet\u00ed pozd\u011bji roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila jako sou\u010d\u00e1st j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku i do m\u011bst. Sladk\u00e9 koblihov\u00e9 poku\u0161en\u00ed se s \u010dtvrte\u010dn\u00edm masopustn\u00edm datem poj\u00ed takt\u00e9\u017e od st\u0159edov\u011bku, a\u010d tehdej\u0161\u00ed koblihy koblih\u00e1m sou\u010dasn\u00fdm nebyly z\u0159ejm\u011b podobn\u00e9, ale kdo v\u00ed, jak chutnaly tehdej\u0161\u00ed koblihy, kobylihy, kobl\u00ed\u017eky, \u0161i\u0161ky, kreple, krepl\u00edky, sma\u017eenice \u010di sma\u017eenky.<\/p>\n

S t\u011bmi dne\u0161n\u00edmi ale tyto koblihy nem\u011bly pranic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bly se z chlebov\u00e9ho t\u011bsta, sma\u017eily se na s\u00e1dle a jedly se spolu se \u0161kvarky. St\u00e1le se je\u0161t\u011b traduje, \u017ee tomu, kdo v posledn\u00ed \u010dtvrtek masopustu nesn\u00ed alespo\u0148 jednu po\u0159\u00e1dnou koblihu, nad\u00fdchanou jako p\u00edrko, zlatou na povrchu a se sv\u011btl\u00fdm prou\u017ekem dokola, se v budoucnu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dob\u0159e nepovede. Za\u010dneme Tu\u010dn\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem, o kter\u00e9m u\u017e byla \u0159e\u010d. Tak\u00e9 ji\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee v tento den si lid\u00e9 dop\u0159\u00e1vali j\u00eddlo a n\u00e1poje v hojnosti. Nelze se tedy divit, \u017ee j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek byl pestr\u00fd, a \u017ee v n\u011bm nechyb\u011blo ani maso.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s, jak\u00e9 druhy masa se konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jedly? P\u016fvodn\u011b si lid\u00e9 pochutn\u00e1vali na hov\u011bz\u00edm, jehn\u011b\u010d\u00edm nebo na zv\u011b\u0159in\u011b. Od 19. stolet\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159evzaly pomysln\u00e9 \u017eezlo zabija\u010dky. Zab\u00edja\u010dky se konaly v nejstuden\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch roku a spadaly do obdob\u00ed masopustu. Vep\u0159 se soudil podle hrdeln\u00edho pr\u00e1va a hospod\u00e1\u0159 mu p\u0159ed jeho n\u00e1siln\u00fdm skonem \u010detl ortel. V\u00fdslu\u017eka se rozn\u00e1\u0161ela m\u00edstn\u00edm hodnost\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, po\u010d\u00ednaje far\u00e1\u0159em, starostou, velitelem hasi\u010d\u016f, \u0161af\u00e1\u0159em a kon\u010de \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edm u\u010ditelem. Jako dar, tedy pocta, se jim pos\u00edlaly nejen kusy masa, pol\u00e9vka, jitrnice a jelita, n\u00fdbr\u017e i nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zab\u00edja\u010dkov\u00e1 lah\u016fdka, je\u0161t\u011b tepl\u00fd ovar. V den por\u00e1\u017eky se jako p\u0159esn\u00edd\u00e1vka v\u011bt\u0161inou pod\u00e1val s k\u0159enem a ho\u0159\u010dic\u00ed.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkde b\u00fdvalo zvykem hned po r\u00e1nu serv\u00edrovat kousek \u010derstv\u011b vy\u0159ezan\u00e9ho b\u016f\u010dku, du\u0161en\u00e9ho na cibuli s paprikou a zava\u0159en\u00e9ho kyselou smetanou, a k tomu chl\u00e9b. Pozd\u011bji se rozl\u00e9vala pol\u00e9vka s kroupami a nab\u00edzel ovar s jablkov\u00fdm k\u0159enem. K ob\u011bdu b\u00fdvala \u010dern\u00e1 pol\u00e9vka (prdela\u010dka) s prejtem a pe\u010den\u00e9 jaternice s bramborem a zel\u00edm. J\u00eddeln\u00ed l\u00edstek se li\u0161il podle kraj\u016f a oblast\u00ed, ale ve skute\u010dnosti si byl podobn\u00fd. K ve\u010de\u0159i nechyb\u011bla jelita, jitrnice, zel\u00ed a brambory.<\/p>\n

K zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hladk\u00e9ho pr\u016fb\u011bhu zab\u00edja\u010dky bylo pot\u0159eba \u0159ady p\u0159\u00edprav. Hospodyn\u011b upekla velk\u00e9 buchty a nachystala kroupy i krupky ur\u010den\u00e9 do jaternic a jelit. Hospod\u00e1\u0159 opat\u0159il \u0161pejle, p\u0159ikoupil such\u00e1 st\u0159\u00edvka, ko\u0159en\u00ed a nabrousil no\u017ee a sek\u00e1\u010dky. \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed postavou byl \u0159eznick\u00fd mistr. Prase nejprve vypa\u0159il, o\u010distil a otev\u0159el, aby z n\u011bj mohl vybrat vnit\u0159nosti a st\u0159eva pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 na jitrnice, jel\u00edtka a klob\u00e1sy. Z va\u0159en\u00e9 hlavy, kolena, plece a k\u016f\u017ee se p\u0159ipravovala tla\u010denka, pln\u011bn\u00e1 do vep\u0159ov\u00e9ho \u017ealudku. Po\u017e\u00edvala se studen\u00e1, va\u0159en\u00e1 nebo vyuzen\u00e1, aby d\u00e9le vydr\u017eela.<\/p>\n

Tajemstv\u00ed zabija\u010dkov\u00e9ho ko\u0159en\u00ed si ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0159ezn\u00edk a hospod\u00e1\u0159 pe\u010dliv\u00e9 st\u0159e\u017eil po generace. Aby bylo co nej\u010derstv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, mlelo se a m\u00edchalo v\u011bt\u0161inou den p\u0159edem. U jitrnic nesm\u011bla chyb\u011bt major\u00e1nka, pep\u0159 a nov\u00e9 ko\u0159en\u00ed, ale n\u011bkdo p\u0159id\u00e1val h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dek, \u010desnek, z\u00e1zvor, citronovou k\u016fru. Na Morav\u011b, ve Slezsku i na \u0160umav\u011b je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed saturejky \u010di dobromyslu m\u00edsto major\u00e1nky. Ve Slezsku p\u0159id\u00e1vali do mlet\u00e9 sm\u011bsi h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dek, km\u00edn a z\u00e1zvor. U jelit kroupov\u00fdch \u010di \u017eemlov\u00fdch tak\u00e9 h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dek a z\u00e1zvor. K ochucen\u00ed klob\u00e1s se pou\u017e\u00edval i tymi\u00e1n, paprika a mu\u0161k\u00e1tov\u00fd kv\u011bt.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i por\u00e1\u017ece se zachycovala krev do p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch n\u00e1dob, solila se a m\u00edchala, aby se nesrazila. Po vyvr\u017een\u00ed vnit\u0159nost\u00ed se z pora\u017een\u00e9ho zv\u00ed\u0159ete vy\u0159ezalo s\u00e1dlo, kter\u00e9 bylo po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm omastkem na\u0161\u00ed kuchyn\u011b. \u0160kva\u0159en\u00ed s\u00e1dla vy\u017eadovalo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di a opatrnost. Za neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed se vyp\u00e9kalo na m\u00edrn\u00e9m ohni, aby se nep\u0159ip\u00e1lilo. Vy\u0161kva\u0159en\u00e9 s\u00e1dlo nal\u00e9valy hospodyn\u011b do vysok\u00fdch keramick\u00fdch kraj\u00e1\u010d\u016f \u201es\u00e1deln\u00edk\u016f\u201c, aby vydr\u017eelo do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed sezony.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Chv\u00e1la \u010desk\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Za <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":215327,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/08\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-o-tu\u010dn\u00e9m-\u010dtvrtku.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185259"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=185259"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185259\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":215328,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185259\/revisions\/215328"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/215327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=185259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=185259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=185259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}