{"id":184036,"date":"2021-02-24T22:46:09","date_gmt":"2021-02-24T21:46:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=184036"},"modified":"2021-03-10T10:05:26","modified_gmt":"2021-03-10T09:05:26","slug":"stara-sumava-o-svate-dorote","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=184036","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O svat\u00e9 Dorot\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Byla svat\u00e1 Dorota, pobo\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/em>
\n A ta svat\u00e1 Dorota, m\u011bla v\u011bnec ze zlata.<\/em>
\n M\u011bla v\u011bnec z letuje, od panenky Marie.<\/em>
\n Zamiloval si ju kr\u00e1l, za Dorotou listy psal.<\/em>
\n Chce\u0161-li, Dorko, moja b\u00fdt, m\u00e1 t\u011b sv\u011bt co pan\u00ed ct\u00edt.<\/em>
\n A j\u00e1 u\u017e m\u00e1m jin\u00e9ho, Krista p\u00e1na sam\u00e9ho.<\/em>
\n Kr\u00e1l se na to rozhn\u011bval, do v\u011bzen\u00ed Dorku dal.<\/em>
\n Do v\u011bzen\u00ed Dorku dal a na vojdu odjechal.<\/em>
\n Sedm let tam bojoval a na osm\u00fd p\u0159ijechal.<\/em>
\n Dorota vyveden\u00e1, p\u0159ed kr\u00e1le postaven\u00e1.<\/em>
\n A j\u00e1 u\u017e m\u00e1m jin\u00e9ho, Krista p\u00e1na sam\u00e9ho.<\/em>
\n Kr\u00e1l se na to rozhn\u011bval, do v\u011bzen\u00ed Dorku dal.<\/em><\/p>\n

Venkovan\u00e9 \u017eili a pracovali v otev\u0159en\u00e9m prostoru, mezi nebem a zem\u00ed, a siln\u011b je ovliv\u0148oval cyklus st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch se ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed. Um\u011bt \u201enaslouchat p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b\u201c bylo \u017eivotn\u00ed nutnost\u00ed. K tomu pat\u0159ily zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly, je\u017e m\u011bly zajistit dobrou \u00farodu, ale i bezpe\u010d\u00ed a ochranu rodin\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159e.<\/h6>\n

Znalost p\u0159\u00edrody umo\u017e\u0148ovala rozpoznat a l\u00e9\u010dit nemoci, stejn\u011b tak p\u0159ijmout n\u00e1sledky \u0161patn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, ba zk\u00e1zy, kterou \u010das od \u010dasu \u017eivly p\u016fsobily. Lidov\u00e1 v\u00edra p\u0159ibli\u017eovala a p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159ela vysok\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 ide\u00e1ly podle vlastn\u00edho pov\u011bdom\u00ed o sv\u011bt\u011b. Do ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed kolob\u011bhu c\u00edrkevn\u00edho roku, \u010dlen\u011bn\u00e9ho liturgick\u00fdmi obdob\u00edmi, c\u00edrkevn\u00edmi sv\u00e1tky a ned\u011bln\u00edmi bohoslu\u017ebami, vstupovaly d\u00e1vn\u00e9, \u010dasto p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 zvyky a pov\u011bry.<\/p>\n

Dorota je u\u0161lechtil\u00fdm \u017eensk\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem s honosn\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u017eena jm\u00e9nem Dorota nebo Dorotea je doslova darem bo\u017e\u00edm, a\u0165 si \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 kdo chce, co chce. Jednou, kdysi d\u00e1vno, asi ve 4. stolet\u00ed, \u017eila v Mal\u00e9 Asii kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 d\u00edvka jm\u00e9nem Dorota. Jednoho zimn\u00edho dne, kdy\u017e se o jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 uch\u00e1zel m\u00edstodr\u017e\u00edc\u00ed Apricius, kter\u00e9ho v\u0161ak d\u00edvka odm\u00edtla, dal ji mu\u010dit a pot\u00e9 popravit. Cestou na popravi\u0161t\u011b Dorota snila a t\u011b\u0161ila se na kv\u011btiny a ovoce v nebesk\u00e9m r\u00e1ji. Sly\u0161el ji jist\u00fd \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk jm\u00e9nem Theofil a d\u00edvce se vysm\u00edval. Znenad\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159ed n\u00edm objevil and\u011bl a nab\u00eddl mu ko\u0161\u00edk pln\u00fd ovoce. Mlad\u00edk u\u017easl a od t\u00e9 doby za\u010dal v\u011b\u0159it v Boha. Brzy byl pr\u00fd tak\u00e9 popraven. To je jedna z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch legend \u010desk\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku, jej\u00ed\u017e verze jsou dochov\u00e1ny v tradici lidov\u00e9ho divadla 17.\u201319. stol.<\/p>\n

Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed verzi Feifalikovy sb\u00edrky p\u0159edstavuje hra z Doubravn\u00edka, redukovan\u00e1 na d\u011btskou koledn\u00ed obch\u016fzku, kter\u00e1 se konala o sv\u00e1tku sv. Doroty (6. \u00fanora). V t\u00e9to verzi byly p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u011b opomenuty nejen motivy kr\u00e1lovy nab\u00eddky s\u0148atku a kr\u00e1lova z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9ho potrest\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 epizoda s Teofilem. Jednoduch\u00fd d\u011bj je postaven na troj\u00edm odm\u00edtnut\u00ed sv\u011btice ct\u00edt pohansk\u00e9 bohy. Teofil pot\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 Dorot\u011b dv\u011b jablka, je\u017e ona vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed rozd\u011bluje and\u011bl\u016fm. Po n\u00e1znakov\u00e9 poprav\u011b sv\u011btice kon\u010d\u00ed hra \u201ep\u00edsni\u010dkou\u201c. Toho dne chod\u00edval po Vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm Brod\u011b v\u017edy d\u016fm od domu pr\u016fvod, v jeho\u017e \u010dele byly \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed osoby: kr\u00e1l, bi\u0159ic, kat a Dorotka. Kdy\u017e pr\u016fvod ve\u0161el do sv\u011btnice, sehr\u00e1l zde kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 p\u0159edstaven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lidem p\u0159ipom\u00ednalo pevnost v\u00edry i utrpen\u00ed prvn\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f.<\/p>\n

Hru um\u011bl skoro ka\u017ed\u00fd nazpam\u011b\u0165, ale zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u011bti na ni v\u017edy nedo\u010dkav\u011b \u010dekaly. P\u016fvodn\u00ed p\u0159edloha byla v lidov\u00e9m pod\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b zkomolen\u00e1, co\u017e nikomu nevadilo, proto\u017ee z v\u00e1\u017en\u011b m\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 hry se z\u00e1hy stala nov\u00e1 z\u00e1bava, p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed k osv\u011b\u017een\u00ed jinak st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b \u0161ediv\u00fdch zimn\u00edch dn\u016f. Odkaz na tuto lidovou tradici lze naj\u00edt u B. N\u011bmcov\u00e9 (Babi\u010dka), nebo u J. \u0160. Baara (Pan\u00ed komisarka). Kdy\u017e byla zima dlouh\u00e1, venkov\u0161t\u00ed se t\u011b\u0161ili, a\u017e p\u0159ijdou Doro\u0165\u00e1ci. Na Kaplicku se tradice dlouho uchovala v obci V\u00fdhe\u0148, jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed historik ThDr. Jan Z\u00edtek. K postupn\u00e9mu z\u00e1niku do\u0161lo vzhledem k n\u00edzk\u00e9mu soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu postaven\u00ed herc\u016f. Dnes se udr\u017euje jako folkl\u00f3r.<\/p>\n

Svat\u00e1 Dorota potvrzuje trvaj\u00edc\u00ed zimu nebo\u0165 stromy sn\u011bhem omet\u00e1, b\u00fdv\u00e1 na sn\u00edh bohat\u00e1, je p\u0159i n\u00ed sn\u011bhu forota. Na svatou Dorotu, te\u010de r\u00e1do do bot\u016f, jsou-li v\u0161ak o Dorot\u011b rampouchy, budou hodn\u011b dojit kr\u00e1vy.Tak\u00e9 ale nese sk\u0159iv\u00e1nka v ko\u0161\u00ed\u010dku, rozd\u00e1v\u00e1 pt\u00e1k\u016fm p\u00ed\u0161\u0165alky a p\u00edsni\u010dky. O svat\u00e9 Dorot\u011b uschne i ko\u0161ile na plot\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 b\u00fdv\u00e1 na sn\u00edh bohat\u00e1. Svat\u00e1 Dorota rozd\u00e1v\u00e1 pt\u00e1\u010dat\u016fm p\u00edsni\u010dky. Kdy\u017e na Dorotu sv\u00edt\u00ed slunce, ponesou hodn\u011b slepice. Svat\u00e1 Dorota donese sk\u0159iv\u00e1nka v ko\u0161\u00ed\u010dku.<\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> LANGHAMMEROV\u00c1, J., \u010ctvero ro\u010dn\u00edch dob v lidov\u00e9 tradici, Z\u00cdBRT, \u010c., Vesel\u00e9 chv\u00edle v \u017eivot\u011b lidu \u010desk\u00e9ho<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/p>\n

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