{"id":183831,"date":"2021-03-03T14:30:20","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T13:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=183831"},"modified":"2021-03-03T14:30:20","modified_gmt":"2021-03-03T13:30:20","slug":"stara-sumava-johanka-z-arku-a-husite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=183831","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Johanka z Arku a husit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Co n\u00e1s na hodin\u00e1ch d\u011bjepisu neu\u010dili. Pozn\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed povinnost, ale radost, ch\u00e1pou mnoz\u00ed z n\u00e1s a\u017e pot\u00e9, co jsou u\u017e star\u0161\u00ed a rozumn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. D\u011bjiny nejsou jen jednoduch\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhov\u00e1 linie. D\u00e1 se na n\u011b d\u00edvat z mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch pohled\u016f.<\/h6>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tek 15. stolet\u00ed byl v Evrop\u011b hodn\u011b drsn\u00fd. V\u00e1l\u010dilo se skoro v\u0161ude, \u0159\u00e1dil mor, byla ne\u00faroda a p\u0159i\u0161la mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1. Husit\u00e9 pusto\u0161ili st\u0159ed kontinentu, na severov\u00fdchod\u011b se k moci drali Jagellonci, na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b Habsburkov\u00e9 a na z\u00e1pad\u011b se t\u00e1hla Stolet\u00e1 v\u00e1lka Angli\u010dan\u016f proti Francouz\u016fm. Husit\u00e9 se chopili n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch spis\u016f kazatele Jana Husa, vzali si z nich bojovn\u00e9ho ducha a vyrabovali t\u0159etinu Evropy zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ohyzdn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. \u0160\u00ed\u0159ili nejen svoji v\u00edru, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btskou moc upalov\u00e1n\u00edm, v\u00e1l\u010den\u00edm a zab\u00edjen\u00edm. P\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 spojen\u00ed jedn\u011bch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch fanatik\u016f s druh\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavuje dopis francouzsk\u00e9 Johanky z Arku husit\u016fm. S Johankou, zvanou Panna Orle\u00e1nsk\u00e1, je spjat dopis, kter\u00fd poslala \u010desk\u00fdm husit\u016fm, datovan\u00fd v b\u0159eznu 1430. V dob\u011b, kdy\u017e kali\u0161n\u00edci nejv\u00edce drancovali po okol\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, jim do\u0161lo p\u00edsmo, \u017ee podlehli “bezbo\u017en\u00fdm a nedovolen\u00fdm pov\u011br\u00e1m”. . Jeliko\u017e ale neum\u011bla ps\u00e1t, z\u0159ejm\u011b ho diktovala sv\u00e9mu p\u00edsa\u0159i.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00e1 st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropa zrovna pro\u017e\u00edvala siln\u011b vzru\u0161en\u00ed z neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f husitsk\u00e9 spanil\u00e9 j\u00edzdy. Ve dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch od V\u00e1noc do masopustu prot\u00e1hla vojska \u010desk\u00fdch kac\u00ed\u0159\u016f t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fdm Saskem, Durynskem a severn\u00edm Bavorskem, ani\u017e se jim kdo odv\u00e1\u017eil postavit. V\u0161ude \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila sl\u00e1vu i hr\u016fzu \u010desk\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na. No, a Johance sl\u00e1va nic ne\u0159\u00edkala, zato ji hrub\u011b pohor\u0161ila \u010desk\u00e1 hr\u016fza. Vytvo\u0159ila si sv\u016fj obraz o husitech a rozhodla se zastra\u0161it je hrozebn\u00fdm listem. My k tomu m\u016f\u017eeme dodat, \u017ee ten list diktovala sv\u00e9mu zpov\u011bdn\u00edkovi, \u017ee se tak stalo 23. b\u0159ezna 1430 na kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m z\u00e1mku Sully a \u017ee se ten dopis zachoval v pln\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eJe\u017e\u00ed\u0161 \u2013 Marie. Je tomu ji\u017e d\u00e1vno, co mn\u011b, d\u00edvce Jan\u011b, do\u0161ly zpr\u00e1vy a pov\u011bsti o tom, jak jste zru\u0161ili, stav\u0161e se z prav\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f kac\u00ed\u0159i a podobn\u00fdmi Turk\u016fm, prav\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a bohoslu\u017ebu, p\u0159ijali zlo\u010dinnou a hanebnou pov\u011bru a jak ji br\u00e1n\u00edte a roz\u0161i\u0159ujete tak horliv\u011b, \u017ee nen\u00ed hnusnosti ani ukrutnosti, abyste se j\u00ed neodv\u00e1\u017eili. Ot\u0159\u00e1s\u00e1te c\u00edrkevn\u00edmi sv\u00e1tostmi, na kusy trh\u00e1te \u010dl\u00e1nky v\u00edry, rozvrac\u00edte chr\u00e1my, rozb\u00edj\u00edte a p\u00e1l\u00edte obrazy vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 pro svat\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky, a vra\u017ed\u00edte k\u0159es\u0165any proto, \u017ee pr\u00fd nemaj\u00ed va\u0161\u00ed v\u00edry. Jak\u00e1 to zb\u011bsilost, jak\u00e9 \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed a jak\u00e1 zu\u0159ivost v\u00e1s to posedla? Tu v\u00edru, kterou B\u016fh v\u0161emohouc\u00ed, kterou Syn, kterou Duch svat\u00fd vzbudil, z\u0159\u00eddil, povznesl a tis\u00edcer\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a tis\u00edcer\u00fdm z\u00e1zrakem oslavil, vy pron\u00e1sledujete a hled\u00edte vyvr\u00e1tit a zahladit.\u201c \u201eVy, vy jste slepci, a ne ti, kdo nemaj\u00ed zrak\u016f a o\u010d\u00ed. Co\u017e mysl\u00edte, \u017ee ujdete trestu? \u010ci nev\u00edte, \u017ee B\u016fh proto nebr\u00e1n\u00ed va\u0161im zlo\u010dinn\u00fdm podnik\u016fm a nech\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1s bloudit v temnot\u00e1ch a bludu, aby v\u00e1m uchystal t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed trest a muka, \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce budete zu\u0159it v zlo\u010dinech a svatokr\u00e1de\u017e\u00edch? J\u00e1, abych pravdu \u0159ekla, kdybych nebyla zam\u011bstn\u00e1na v\u00e1lkami s Angli\u010dany, v\u011bru bych ji\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159i\u0161la na v\u00e1s. Ale opravdu, nedozv\u00edm-li se, \u017ee jste se napravili, nech\u00e1m asi Angli\u010dany a vytrhnu proti v\u00e1m, abych, nemohu-li jinak, me\u010dem vyhladila tu va\u0161i hloupost a tvrdo\u0161\u00edjnou pov\u011bru a zbavila v\u00e1s bu\u010f kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed, nebo \u017eivota. Chcete-li se v\u0161ak rad\u011bji vr\u00e1tit ke katolick\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e a d\u00e1vn\u00e9mu sv\u011btlu, vy\u0161lete ke mn\u011b posly a j\u00e1 jim pov\u00edm, co mus\u00edte ud\u011blat. Pakli v\u0161ak nechcete, n\u00fdbr\u017e budete tvrdo\u0161\u00edjn\u011b vzdorovat ostnu, vzpome\u0148te si, co jste nap\u00e1chali \u0161kod a zlo\u010din\u016f, a o\u010dek\u00e1vejte, \u017ee v\u0161em vrchovat\u011b odplat\u00edm svrchovan\u00fdmi silami lidsk\u00fdmi i bo\u017esk\u00fdmi.\u201c
\nV Sully, 23. b\u0159ezna
\n\u010desk\u00fdm kac\u00ed\u0159\u016fm
\n“Pasquerel\u201c<\/p>\n

Do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f se dochovalo 11 dopis\u016f, kter\u00e9 diktovala sama Johanka z Arku \u2013 p\u011bt origin\u00e1l\u016f a \u0161est kopi\u00ed. Zbytek je n\u00e1m zn\u00e1m d\u00edky z\u00e1znam\u016fm z nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dokument\u016f. Dopisy m\u011bly r\u016fzn\u00e9 adres\u00e1ty i p\u00edsa\u0159e. Hlavn\u00edm Johan\u010din\u00fdm p\u00edsa\u0159em byl jej\u00ed osobn\u00ed zpov\u011bdn\u00edk, bratr Jean Pasquerel. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee to on ji nau\u010dil se podepsat. Ten sam\u00fd p\u00edsa\u0159 je tak\u00e9 autorem slavn\u00e9ho Johan\u010dina dopisu \u010desk\u00fdm husit\u016fm. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee do n\u011bkter\u00fdch z pe\u010det\u00ed t\u011bchto dopis\u016f byly prsty vtisknuty lidsk\u00e9 vlasy. Zp\u016fsob, kter\u00fdm pisatel dopis\u016f vtisknul vlasy ze sv\u00e9 hlavy do vosku byl tehdy velmi \u010dast\u00fd; byla to jak\u00e1si z\u00e1ruka pravosti dokumentu, je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee vlasy poch\u00e1zely p\u0159\u00edmo z Johan\u010diny hlavy, co\u017e by potvrzovalo tradi\u010dn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee byla \u201etmavovlas\u00e1 a sn\u011bd\u00e1.\u201c<\/p>\n

Johanka z Arku neboli Jeanne d\u00b4Arc \u010dili Jana, panna orle\u00e1nsk\u00e1 napsala tento list ve v\u011bku osmn\u00e1cti let. Kdyby j\u00ed bylo dop\u0159\u00e1no do\u017e\u00edt se zralej\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ne\u017e pouh\u00fdch devaten\u00e1cti a snad je\u0161t\u011b kdyby \u017eila v jin\u00e9 dob\u011b, mohla by se st\u00e1t politi\u010dkou a st\u00e1tni\u010dkou p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu. Takto jej\u00ed kari\u00e9ru ukon\u010dily plameny hranice. Nebyla to hranice kostnick\u00e1, jak tomu bylo u mu\u017ee, jeho\u017e \u010desk\u00e9 stoupence kritizovala, ale hranice rouensk\u00e1. Na rozd\u00edl od up\u00e1len\u00e9ho Husa byla v\u0161ak Johanka ji\u017e v roce 1464 c\u00edrkv\u00ed rehabilitov\u00e1na a roku 1920 dokonce prohl\u00e1\u0161ena svatou.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Toulky \u010deskou minulost\u00ed – Josef Vesel\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/p>\n

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