{"id":182703,"date":"2020-01-24T06:47:36","date_gmt":"2020-01-24T05:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=182703"},"modified":"2020-01-24T06:47:36","modified_gmt":"2020-01-24T05:47:36","slug":"astronomicky-ustav-akademie-ved-cr-cesti-vedci-se-podileli-na-mapovani-okoli-cerne-diry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=182703","title":{"rendered":"ASTRONOMICK\u00dd \u00daSTAV AKADEMIE V\u011aD \u010cR: \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci se pod\u00edleli na mapov\u00e1n\u00ed okol\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Um\u011bleck\u00e1 animace dynamiky bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho okol\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry reprezentuje 30 sn\u00edmk\u016f denn\u00edch zm\u011bn jasnosti b\u011bhem 30 dn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroje IRAS 13224\u20133809 v roce 2016 pomoc\u00ed dru\u017eice ESA XMM Newton.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd pad\u00e1 do \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, vys\u00edl\u00e1 do vesm\u00edru rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Nyn\u00ed se – za p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f – poprv\u00e9 poda\u0159ilo zmapovat dynamiku nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho okol\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry pomoc\u00ed ozv\u011bn tohoto z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pozorovan\u00fdch rentgenovou observato\u0159\u00ed XMM-Newton Evropsk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 agentury (ESA).<\/h6>\n

\"\"V\u011bt\u0161ina \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br je na obloze p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e1 na to, abychom mohli rozli\u0161it jejich nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed okol\u00ed. Navzdory tomu jsme schopni zkoumat tyto tajemn\u00e9 objekty pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00ed hmoty v jejich bl\u00edzkosti, kter\u00e1 do nich postupn\u011b pad\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Jak se materi\u00e1l bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00ed\u0159e, je zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00fd na vysokou teplotu a vyza\u0159uje rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se pak odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed od nedalek\u00e9ho plynu, s kter\u00fdm toto z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed interaguje. V t\u011bchto m\u00edstech v t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry je prostoro\u010das velmi zdeformov\u00e1n a zakroucen p\u016fsoben\u00edm extr\u00e9mn\u011b siln\u00e9 gravitace.<\/p>\n

Poprv\u00e9 v historii v\u011bdci pou\u017eili rentgenovou observato\u0159 XMM-Newton, aby pomoc\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed rentgenov\u00fdch ozv\u011bn zmapovali okol\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry v j\u00e1d\u0159e aktivn\u00ed galaxie. IRAS 13224\u20133809, hostuj\u00edc\u00ed galaxie pozorovan\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, je jeden z nejprom\u011bnliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f rentgenov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na obloze. Tento zdroj proch\u00e1z\u00ed velk\u00fdmi a rychl\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami, kdy se jeho jasnost zm\u011bn\u00ed i 50tin\u00e1sobn\u011b v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolik hodin.<\/p>\n

Dr. William Alston z University of Cambridge, hlavn\u00ed autor nov\u00e9 studie, p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1 tyto ozv\u011bny k ozv\u011bn\u011b zvuk\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch, kde zvuk bude zn\u00edt jinak v u\u010debn\u011b a jinak v katedr\u00e1le. To, jak zn\u00ed ozv\u011bna, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na geometrii m\u00edstnosti a na materi\u00e1lech, kter\u00e9 se v n\u00ed nach\u00e1zej\u00ed. Podobn\u011b se v ozv\u011bn\u00e1ch rentgenov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, projev\u00ed i geometrie a stav, v jak\u00e9m je materi\u00e1l p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e zmiz\u00ed za horizontem ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee jsou pohyb a vlastnosti plynu siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bny vlastnostmi \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, kter\u00e1 ho pohlcuje, Dr. Alstonovi a jeho koleg\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo tak\u00e9 zm\u011b\u0159it hmotnost a rotaci centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry pozorovan\u00e9 galaxie.<\/p>\n

Materi\u00e1l padaj\u00edc\u00ed do \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry kolem n\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed disk, nad kter\u00fdm se nach\u00e1z\u00ed oblast s velice hork\u00fdmi elektrony s teplotou miliardy stup\u0148\u016f, kter\u00e1 se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 korona. Zat\u00edmco astronomov\u00e9 hledali ozv\u011bny rentgenov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z korony odra\u017een\u00e9 od disku, aby zmapovali geometrii t\u00e9to oblasti, v\u0161imli si n\u011b\u010deho neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho: samotn\u00e1 korona zm\u011bnila svoji velikost neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b rychle, v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201cTak jak korona m\u011bn\u00ed svoji velikost, tak se m\u011bn\u00ed i sv\u011bteln\u00e1 ozv\u011bna \u2013 podobn\u011b jak by se m\u011bnila ozv\u011bna hlasu v katedr\u00e1le, kdyby se jej\u00ed strop pohyboval nahoru a dol\u016f. Pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm zm\u011bn v ozv\u011bn\u011b jsme byli schopni pozorovat zm\u011bny samotn\u00e9 korony. A co je je\u0161t\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed – t\u00edm, \u017ee se korona m\u011bnila, jsme mohli z\u00edskat p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hodnoty pro hmotnost a rotaci \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry,\u201d<\/em> popisuje William Alston z University of Cambridge.<\/p>\n

K anal\u00fdze dat, kter\u00e1 byla po\u0159\u00edzena b\u011bhem nejdel\u0161\u00edho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed akreuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry dru\u017eic\u00ed XMM Newton, trvaj\u00edc\u00edho celkem 2 miliony sekund, tedy n\u011bco p\u0159es 23 dn\u00ed, p\u0159isp\u011bli i \u010de\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci. T\u00fdm Astronomick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR vyvinul program, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00e9ho m\u016f\u017eeme efektivn\u011b simulovat ozv\u011bny rentgenov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed korony od akre\u010dn\u00edho disku v bl\u00edzkosti \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br. \u201cK v\u00fdsledk\u016fm studie bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dosp\u011bt jenom za pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto k\u00f3du, kter\u00fd je z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159esn\u00fd a dostate\u010dn\u011b rychl\u00fd pro modelov\u00e1n\u00ed dat, kdy se mus\u00ed porovnat p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho modelu s napozorovan\u00fdmi daty pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 hodnoty charakterizuj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m, nap\u0159. hmotnost \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry a jej\u00ed rotace,\u201d<\/em> up\u0159es\u0148uje Dr. Michal Dov\u010diak, hlavn\u00ed autor pou\u017eit\u00e9ho k\u00f3du a spoluautor publikovan\u00e9 studie za \u010deskou \u010d\u00e1st mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho t\u00fdmu.<\/p>\n

\u201cTady je p\u011bkn\u011b vid\u011bt, jak podpora mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce grantov\u00fdmi agenturami p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e9 ovoce. Spolupr\u00e1ce mezi \u010deskou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00fdmu, hlavn\u00edm autorem publikace a dal\u0161\u00edmi zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi spoluautory za\u010dala v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9ho projektu StrongGravity, kter\u00fd koordinoval Astronomick\u00fd \u00fastav AV \u010cR pod projektov\u00fdm veden\u00edm Michala Dov\u010diaka, a nejnov\u011bji tak\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00edm projektem podpo\u0159en\u00fdm \u010deskou grantovou agenturou GA \u010cR,\u201d<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Maria Caballero-Garcia, dal\u0161\u00ed spoluautorka za \u010desk\u00fd t\u00fdm a vedouc\u00ed projektu GA \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Studie, jako je tato, jsou velice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nejen pro pochopen\u00ed, jak funguj\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, jak\u00e9 maj\u00ed vlastnosti a jak p\u016fsob\u00ed na hmotu v jejich okol\u00ed, ale sekund\u00e1rn\u011b tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed rozv\u00edjet nov\u00e9 metody pro jejich v\u00fdzkum.<\/p>\n

Charakteristika bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho okol\u00ed \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br je tak\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f dru\u017eice Athena, kterou ESA pl\u00e1nuje vypustit po\u010d\u00e1tkem budouc\u00edho desetilet\u00ed a kter\u00e1 bude zkoumat tajemstv\u00ed vesm\u00edru v t\u00e9matu Hork\u00fd a energetick\u00fd vesm\u00edr a na kter\u00e9 se pod\u00edl\u00ed i \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, a to jak na pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00edho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho programu \u010desk\u00fdmi v\u011bdci, tak i hardwerov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem \u010desk\u00fdch firem.<\/p>\n

\u201cUveden\u00e1 studie je takovou ochutn\u00e1vkou toho, co p\u0159inese dru\u017eice Athena v t\u00e9to oblasti v budoucnu pro cel\u00fd vzorek aktivn\u00edch galaxi\u00ed, v nich\u017e se nach\u00e1z\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed ob\u0159\u00ed \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra po\u017e\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed hmotu v jejich st\u0159edu\u201d<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Michal Dov\u010diak, kter\u00fd je i jedn\u00edm z p\u0159edsed\u016f v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho panelu mise Athena s n\u00e1zvem \u201cBl\u00edzk\u00e9 okol\u00ed supermasivn\u00edch \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br\u201d.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ce \u201cA dynamic black hole corona in an active galaxy through X-ray reverberation mapping\u201d W. N. Alstona a dal\u0161\u00edch v\u010detn\u011b \u010desk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce byla pr\u00e1v\u011b publikov\u00e1na ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dasopise Nature Astronomy – https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41550-019-1002-x<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

Um\u011bleck\u00e9 ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed dynamiky bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho okol\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry reprezentuj\u00edc\u00ed 4 sn\u00edmky denn\u00edch zm\u011bn jasnosti b\u011bhem pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroje IRAS 13224\u20133809 v roce 2016 pomoc\u00ed dru\u017eice ESA XMM Newton.<\/h6>\n

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\u010cesk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce byla podpo\u0159ena Grantovou agenturou \u010cR: projekt \u010d\u00edslo 18-00533S.<\/p>\n

Odkazy:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Pr\u00e1ce v \u010dasopise Nature Astronomy: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41550-019-1002-x<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

2) \u010cl\u00e1nek na webu Evropsk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 agentury – https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Science_Exploration\/Space_Science\/XMM-Newton_maps_black_hole_surroundings<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

3) V\u00edce o p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 dru\u017eici Evropsk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 agentury s \u010deskou \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed Athena – http:\/\/www.vesmirprolidstvo.cz\/cs\/mise-a-projekty\/Athena-zkoumajici-rentgenovy-vesmir\/zakladni-informace\/index.html<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tza\u00faav\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Materi\u00e1l, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":182708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[110],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/21\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-\u010dern\u00e1-d\u00edra.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182703"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=182703"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182703\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":182707,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182703\/revisions\/182707"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/182708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=182703"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=182703"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=182703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}