{"id":181202,"date":"2021-01-05T18:38:35","date_gmt":"2021-01-05T17:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=181202"},"modified":"2021-01-05T18:38:35","modified_gmt":"2021-01-05T17:38:35","slug":"stara-sumava-trikralova-tradice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=181202","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: T\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e1 tradice"},"content":{"rendered":"

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T\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9<\/strong><\/h6>\n

A \u0159ekl prv\u00fd kr\u00e1l:<\/em>
\n To v\u00edra vedla m\u011b<\/em>
\n za hv\u011bzdou k P\u00e1nu d\u00e1l<\/em>
\n ze zem\u011b do zem\u011b.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd kr\u00e1l nato d\u011bl:<\/em>
\n J\u00e1 jas jsem uvid\u011bl<\/em>
\n z nad\u011bje jen se rojit.<\/em>
\n Dala mi k Bohu doj\u00edt.”<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed kr\u00e1l ml\u010del jen,<\/em>
\n v\u017edy\u0165 slova m\u00e1lo jsou.<\/em>
\n Byl k cest\u011b vybaven<\/em>
\n l\u00e1skou, tou jedinou.<\/em><\/p>\n

Snad ka\u017ed\u00fd zn\u00e1 slavnou jesli\u010dkovou scen\u00e9rii, v n\u00ed\u017e ke chl\u00e9vu, ve kter\u00e9m se pr\u00e1v\u011b narodil Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed t\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Ka\u0161par, Melichar a Baltazar a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161kovi dary. O to pozoruhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee v bibli o nich nen\u00ed ani slovo. Matou\u0161ovo evangelium se sice zmi\u0148uje o t\u0159ech mu\u017e\u00edch od V\u00fdchodu, kter\u00e9 hv\u011bzda dovedla k synu Bo\u017e\u00edmu, nebyli to ale kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, n\u00fdbr\u017e m\u00e1gov\u00e9 \u010di mudrcov\u00e9. A v\u016fbec nikde nezazn\u00edvaj\u00ed jejich jm\u00e9na.<\/h6>\n

I p\u0159esto se v\u0161ak stala slavnost T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pov\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem. Den zasv\u011bcen\u00fd T\u0159em kr\u00e1l\u016fm je ov\u0161em pro v\u011bt\u0161inu z n\u00e1s p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou d\u011btstv\u00ed, kdy jsme v Betl\u00e9mech hledali t\u0159i exoticky od\u011bn\u00e9 mu\u017ee p\u0159iv\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed dary narozen\u00e9mu Spasiteli. A tak n\u00e1m tento den p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed posledn\u00ed z\u00e1van poezie nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f roku.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladem zvyk\u016f a ob\u0159ad\u016f, kter\u00e9 se tento den konaj\u00ed, je biblick\u00e1 zv\u011bst o tom, \u017ee do Betl\u00e9ma se p\u0159i\u0161li poklonit mal\u00e9mu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161kovi t\u0159i mocn\u00ed m\u00e1gov\u00e9 z v\u00fdchodn\u00edho sv\u011bta, kte\u0159\u00ed mu p\u0159inesli v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 dary \u2013 zlato, myrhu a kadidlo. Cestu do Betl\u00e9ma jim ukazovala zn\u00e1m\u00e1 kometa, za kterou \u0161li z v\u00fdchodn\u00edch zem\u00ed. Zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm faktem je to, pro\u010d byli mudrci, ze kter\u00fdch se v legend\u011b \u010dasem bez zjevn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu stali kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u0159i? Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f tento po\u010det znamen\u00e1 t\u0159i f\u00e1ze lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, proto je jeden z kr\u00e1l\u016f mlad\u00fd, druh\u00fd ve st\u0159edn\u00edm v\u011bku a t\u0159et\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje starce. Symboly jsou dokonce i d\u00e1l, a tak tmav\u00e1 tv\u00e1\u0159 nejstar\u0161\u00edho z mu\u017e\u016f p\u0159edstavuje i st\u00edn smrti.<\/p>\n

Symbolick\u00e9 jsou i t\u0159i dary, kter\u00e9 Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed. Zastupuj\u00ed v\u0161echny skupenstv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se na planet\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed. Zlato jako kov je symbolem pevn\u00e9ho skupenstv\u00ed, kadidlo plynn\u00e9ho a kapaliny zastupuje myrha – mast u\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 p\u0159i poh\u0159bech. Proto ji nese \u010dern\u00fd kr\u00e1l. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lovou tradic\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159etrvala do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f, je koleda a psan\u00ed inici\u00e1l a letopo\u010dtu k\u0159\u00eddou nad dve\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Mnoz\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee p\u00edsmena K, M a B ozna\u010duj\u00ed jm\u00e9na jednotliv\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f. T\u0159i m\u00e1gov\u00e9 v\u0161ak dostali jm\u00e9no a\u017e na z\u00e1klad\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 legendy. Ve skute\u010dnosti se jedn\u00e1 o zkratku latinsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1pisu Christus mansionem benedicat, tedy a\u0165 Kristus po\u017eehn\u00e1 tomuto domu.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b latinsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1pisu lid\u00e9 tolik nerozum\u011bli, a proto\u017ee se to dob\u0159e hodilo na jm\u00e9na t\u011bch kr\u00e1l\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli posl\u00e9ze takto vyjmenov\u00e1ni – tedy Ka\u0161par, Melichar a Baltazar – tak\u017ee psali sv\u011bcenou k\u0159\u00eddou. Konec V\u00e1noc se v\u017edy nesl v duchu setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi lidmi ze vsi, a to p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti bohoslu\u017eeb v kostelech. Na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le, se v kostelech sv\u011bt\u00ed voda, s\u016fl, k\u0159\u00edda, tak\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty \u2013 t\u0159eba zlat\u00fd p\u0159\u00edv\u011b\u0161ek si m\u016f\u017eete nechat posv\u011btit, aby v\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161el \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prameny 17. stolet\u00ed zase dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed obch\u016fzky \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f a d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad “chod\u011bn\u00ed” zedn\u00edk\u016f a kamen\u00edk\u016f s hv\u011bzdou. Ty\u010d se zlatou hv\u011bzdou nosili i t\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 na Chodsku, Karlovarsku nebo na Velkomezi\u0159\u00ed\u010dsku. Zpr\u00e1vy o hv\u011bzd\u011b, kter\u00e1 se dnes objevuje v rukou t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00fdch koledn\u00edk\u016f, jsou zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, by\u0165 ne\u010detn\u00e9. V Sepekov\u011b u Milevska m\u011bli sklen\u011bnou hv\u011bzdu jako sv\u00edtilnu a v n\u00ed sv\u011btlo. Podobn\u011b ve Zl\u00edn\u011b se p\u0159ed polovinou 19. stolet\u00ed objevovali s osmirohou hv\u011bzdou z barevn\u00e9ho skla, v n\u00ed\u017e ho\u0159ela sv\u00ed\u010dka. V Ka\u0161persk\u00fdch Hor\u00e1ch nosil jeden z kr\u00e1l\u016f ty\u010d, na jej\u00edm\u017e vrcholu byla hv\u011bzda a pan\u00e1\u010dek s rolni\u010dkami. Figurka se pomoc\u00ed kliky ot\u00e1\u010dela a rolni\u010dky a n\u00ed p\u0159i pohybu zvonily.<\/p>\n

Za koledov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b za sc\u00e9nku, dost\u00e1vali kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 v\u00fdslu\u017eku. Na tu m\u011bli u sebe velk\u00fd ko\u0161. Na p\u00e1lenku, kterou b\u00fdvali tak\u00e9 uct\u011bni, nem\u011bli nic, a tak se st\u00e1valo, \u017ee svou slu\u017ebou koledn\u00ed b\u00fdvali kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u011b vy\u010derp\u00e1ni je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e obe\u0161li v\u0161echna staven\u00ed. Ke koledn\u00edm obch\u016fzk\u00e1m n\u011bkdy pat\u0159ily i jednoduch\u00e9 nebo rozvit\u00e9 v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed hry, je\u017e zachycovaly p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh t\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f i jejich n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu u kr\u00e1le Herodesa. Tento d\u011bj je obsa\u017een i v rozvinut\u00e9 verzi v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b “My t\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 jdeme k v\u00e1m”, kterou koledn\u00edci zp\u00edvali n\u011bkdy sborem, n\u011bkdy ale jako “dialog”, v n\u011bm\u017e vystupuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 postavy p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech, nap\u0159\u00edklad v Horn\u00edch Dunajovic\u00edch na Znojemsku, byly t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9 pr\u016fvody je\u0161t\u011b po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a krom\u011b Ka\u0161para, Melichara a Baltazara zahrnovaly i Svatou rodinu s voskov\u00fdm Jezul\u00e1tkem v kol\u00e9bce a postavy biskupa a \u010derta. V domech, kter\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u00edvili, pak koledn\u00edci sehr\u00e1vali krati\u010dkou sc\u00e9nku: t\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 zp\u00edvali, svat\u00fd Josef s Mari\u00ed kol\u00e9bali d\u011b\u0165\u00e1tko a biskup vyh\u00e1n\u011bl \u010derta, jen\u017e se pokou\u0161el un\u00e9st d\u011b\u0165\u00e1tko z kol\u00e9bky.<\/p>\n

Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed zvyky pat\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed d\u00e9lky \u017eivota. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen rodiny zap\u00e1l\u00ed stejn\u011b vysokou sv\u00edci a komu doho\u0159\u00ed nejd\u0159\u00edve, toho si nejd\u0159\u00edve odnese smrt v podob\u011b Morany. Pokud d\u00fdm stoupal vzh\u016fru a plamen byl jasn\u00fd, \u010dekalo doty\u010dn\u00e9ho nebe. Kdy\u017e sv\u00edce prskala, d\u00fdm \u0161el k zemi a plamen byl nerovnom\u011brn\u00fd, \u010dekalo jedince peklo. D\u0159\u00edve se tak\u00e9 na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le pekl mazanec, do kter\u00e9ho hospodyn\u011b zapekla pen\u00edz. Ten, kdo pen\u00edz na\u0161el, byl zvolen kr\u00e1lem, kter\u00fd mohl kropit d\u016fm a zahradu sv\u011bcenou vodou a ps\u00e1t p\u00edsmena s k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky nade dve\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00e9 popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kolednick\u00e9 obch\u016fzky, p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9ho pr\u016fvodu, v\u0161ak tradice t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9 koledy nep\u0159e\u010dkala v roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 form\u011b obdob\u00ed socialismu a odezn\u011bla v 60. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b se udr\u017eela jen ojedin\u011ble, v\u011bt\u0161ina dne\u0161n\u00edch pades\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f a \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f se s n\u00ed v\u0161ak ve sv\u00e9m d\u011btstv\u00ed “na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei” nikdy nesetkala a znala ji jen zprost\u0159edkovan\u011b z d\u011btsk\u00fdch kn\u00ed\u017eek, Ladov\u00fdch ilustrac\u00ed a od roku 1980 zejm\u00e9na z filmu Krakono\u0161 a ly\u017en\u00edci re\u017eis\u00e9rky V\u011bry Pl\u00edvov\u00e9-\u0160imkov\u00e9, zachycuj\u00edc\u00edm praktikov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto zvyku v Krkono\u0161\u00edch na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Jaroslav Krupka Dotyk B\u00f6hmerw\u00e4ldler Heimatbrief, 1994, s.2 Gerold Franz Pinsker, P\u0159eklady a \u010desk\u00e9 texty Jan Mare\u0161, Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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