![\"\"](\"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/31\/O-SILVESTRU...-1.jpg\")
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Silvestr<\/strong> Co mu\u010dilo m\u011b, \u010das u\u017e vodest\u00e1l.<\/em> Hv\u011bzdy se t\u0159pyt\u011bj – co p\u0159ijde, kdo v\u00ed?<\/em> Dal\u0161\u00ed rok za n\u00e1mi. Lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm roce je \u010dek\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1ska, bla\u017eenost, bohatstv\u00ed a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a modl\u00ed se, aby se zbavili v\u0161eho zl\u00e9ho. Takhle to b\u011b\u017e\u00ed u\u017e cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed bez ohledu na n\u00e1rodnosti a kultury. Sm\u00edch a cinkot skleni\u010dek doprov\u00e1z\u00ed hlasit\u00e1 hudba a sm\u00edch. Ve vzduchu vis\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslib nad\u011bje i nov\u00fdch za\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f. Posledn\u00ed den roku je zkr\u00e1tka jedn\u00edm velk\u00fdm povolenou oslavou, kter\u00fd je slo\u017eena ze v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch tradic, nasb\u00edran\u00fdch b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika stolet\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zmiz\u00ed v propadli\u0161ti d\u011bjin, jin\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00edme dodnes. Faktem ov\u0161em z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee Silvestr je u\u017e p\u011bknou \u0159\u00e1dku let nezapomenutelnou a velkolepou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed roku, na kterou se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed miliony lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Silvestrovsk\u00e1 p\u0159edsevzet\u00ed se za\u010dala pou\u017e\u00edvat pr\u00e1v\u011b v 16. stolet\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 za\u010dali m\u00edt s oslavami Nov\u00e9ho roku pocit, \u017ee mohou n\u011bco zm\u011bnit, n\u011bco zlep\u0161it. Proto si d\u00e1vali do dal\u0161\u00edho roku \u00fakoly, p\u0159edsevzet\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jim s t\u00edm mohli pomoci. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ti, kdo rozhazovali pen\u00edze, se sna\u017eili v\u00edce \u0161et\u0159it.<\/p>\n P\u0159ed sto lety nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee spat\u0159it d\u00edt\u011b v novoro\u010dn\u00edm r\u00e1nu znamen\u00e1 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako vid\u011bt d\u00edt\u011b, platilo jako \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 znamen\u00ed potkat na Nov\u00fd rok r\u00e1no mu\u017ee, t\u011bhotnou \u017eenu nebo uvid\u011bt zap\u0159a\u017een\u00fd v\u016fz. Naopak setk\u00e1n\u00ed se starou \u017eenou a psy se pova\u017eovalo za zl\u00e9 znamen\u00ed. Do 19. stolet\u00ed lid\u00e9 v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice chodili d\u011bkovat za dal\u0161\u00ed rok do kostela a o p\u016flnoci jedli hork\u00fd ovar, kroupy a k\u0159en s jablky, proto\u017ee v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee jim to p\u0159inese \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 do domu chodily takzvan\u00e9 ometa\u010dky, byly to \u017eeny od\u011bn\u00e9 do \u010dern\u00e9, kter\u00e9 ve jm\u00e9nu bo\u017e\u00edm t\u0159ikr\u00e1t zaklepaly a t\u0159ikr\u00e1t ometly kamna, jinak by v nov\u00e9m roce neh\u0159\u00e1la dob\u0159e. “Ve jm\u00e9nu Otce, Syna i Ducha svat\u00e9ho”, aby na plotnu nep\u0159i\u0161lo v nov\u00e9m roce n\u011bco nezdrav\u00e9ho. Stejn\u011b tak o Silvestru m\u011bly \u017eeny zak\u00e1z\u00e1no pr\u00e1t a v\u011b\u0161et pr\u00e1dlo, jinak by mohly zp\u016fsobit smrt n\u011bkoho bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho. Nesm\u011bla se tak\u00e9 j\u00edst dr\u016fbe\u017e, aby \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed neulet\u011blo.<\/p>\n Oslavy Silvestra a Nov\u00e9ho roku p\u0159ed sto a v\u00edce lety a dnes se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161ily. V minulosti lid\u00e9 na \u0160umav\u011b tak trp\u011bliv\u011b ne\u010dekali na p\u016flno\u010dn\u00ed zlom letopo\u010dtu, neholdovali ani tolik alkoholu, jako to je \u010dasto dnes. Proto se nap\u0159\u00edklad v Ka\u0161persk\u00fdch Hor\u00e1ch v 19. stolet\u00ed mnohdy st\u00e1valo, \u017ee ponocn\u00fd, kter\u00fd zah\u00e1jil svoji novoro\u010dn\u00ed obch\u016fzku u\u017e od p\u016flnoci, sv\u00fdm zp\u011bvem a vin\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm budil u\u017e sp\u00edc\u00ed obyvatele. Silvestr byl ale ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd den a byl naz\u00fdv\u00e1n druh\u00fdm nebo mal\u00fdm \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fdm ve\u010derem. Odpoledne \u0161li horal\u00e9 do kostela, po pr\u00e1ci a dlouh\u00e9 ve\u010dern\u00ed modlitb\u011b si mu\u017e\u0161t\u00ed v hospod\u011b podle starod\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zvyku p\u0159i\u0165ukli sklenkami na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed rok. I v tuhle noc si chlapci a d\u011bv\u010data vykl\u00e1dali budoucnost a lili olovo.<\/p>\n P\u016flno\u010dn\u00ed v\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho roku v minulosti m\u011blo zvyklosti, \u017ee tlukotem do hrnc\u016f a p\u00e1nv\u00ed, poklicemi o sebe a hlomozem se odh\u00e1n\u011bli zl\u00ed duchov\u00e9 z prahu p\u016flno\u010dn\u00edho \u2012 aby byl p\u0159ekro\u010den jen silami \u010dist\u00fdmi a dobr\u00fdmi. Myslivci a hajn\u00ed st\u0159\u00edleli do vzduchu z pu\u0161ek, aby probudili nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed jaro ze sp\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n Nov\u00fd rok byl spojen s koledov\u00e1n\u00edm a p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm v\u0161eho nejlep\u0161\u00edho. P\u0159es obvykle hlubok\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bje, mr\u00e1z a v\u00edtr p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli u\u017e brzy r\u00e1no mal\u00ed gratulanti, \u010dasto cel\u00fd z\u00e1stup d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dost\u00e1valy v\u00fdslu\u017eku. Od domu k domu chodil i ponocn\u00fd, v Ka\u0161persk\u00fdch Hor\u00e1ch p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli blahop\u0159\u00e1t tak\u00e9 komin\u00edci, listono\u0161 a dokonce i m\u00edstn\u00ed policajti.<\/p>\n A v\u0161echny nezbytn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se musely ud\u011blat v\u010das, tak\u00e9 platilo, jak na Nov\u00fd rok, tak po cel\u00fd rok. Po dopoledn\u00ed novoro\u010dn\u00ed m\u0161i se v \u0161umavsk\u00fdch obc\u00edch za\u0161lo je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed ob\u011bdem na sklenku do hostince. Odpoledne se soused\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u011bvovali a a\u017e do setm\u011bn\u00ed si pov\u00eddali.<\/p>\n Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se o Silvestru vyd\u00e1vali i do v\u00edru no\u010dn\u00edho \u017eivota, obvykle ve\u010de\u0159eli p\u0159ed odchodem z domova. Menu nebylo nijak luxusn\u00ed, na stolech se objevovala b\u00edl\u00e1 pol\u00e9vka s r\u00fd\u017e\u00ed, hov\u011bz\u00ed maso s cibulovou om\u00e1\u010dkou a okurkami, ku\u0159ata s kv\u011bt\u00e1kem, sal\u00e1t, such\u00e1rky, pilo se pivo a k\u00e1va.<\/p>\n Za z\u00e1bavou se pak vyrazilo do m\u00f3dn\u00edch tan\u010d\u00edren a kabaret\u016f. Lid\u00e9 ale nav\u0161t\u011bvovali i ve\u010d\u00edrky pro zvan\u00e9 v soukrom\u00fdch domech, kde se v honosn\u00fdch salonech tan\u010dilo, hr\u00e1ly spole\u010densk\u00e9 hry, nej\u010dast\u011bji o fanty, nebo se p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bly pantomimy. Prvn\u00ed poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se objevilo asi hodinu p\u0159ed p\u016flnoc\u00ed. Serv\u00edrovaly se podnosy s \u0159ezy housek i chleba a dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsy s pe\u010den\u00fdm masem, v\u011bt\u0161inou vep\u0159ov\u00fdm. K m\u00e1n\u00ed byly tak\u00e9 t\u00e1cy s tence kr\u00e1jen\u00fdmi pl\u00e1tky uzenin, s\u00fdr\u016f, s huspeninou a kole\u010dky citr\u00f3n\u016f. Oblo\u017een\u00fd chl\u00e9b si z nich pak p\u0159ipravil ka\u017ed\u00fd s\u00e1m podle sv\u00e9ho gusta.<\/p>\n Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd rozkv\u011bt v dal\u0161\u00edch desetilet\u00edch se projevil i na rozmanitosti silvestrovsk\u00e9ho menu. Na stolech se objevovali kapouni s mu\u0161lemi, nad\u00edvan\u00ed \u0161neci, kotlety s kade\u0159\u00e1vkem, ba\u017eanti, srn\u010d\u00ed i zaje\u010d\u00ed h\u0159bety, uzen\u00fd jazyk v aspiku, pe\u010den\u00e1 dr\u016fbe\u017e, pa\u0161tiky. Nechyb\u011bly ani sal\u00e1ty, k jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b se u\u017e\u00edvala zelenina, p\u011bstovan\u00e1 v parou vyh\u0159\u00edvan\u00fdch sklen\u00edc\u00edch. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed oblib\u011b se t\u011b\u0161ily \u00fast\u0159ice s citr\u00f3nem a pl\u00e1tky \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9ho ananasu se \u0161lehanou slazenou smetanou. U bufetov\u00e9ho stolu m\u011bli host\u00e9 k dispozici p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pivo, v mnohem men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e \u010derven\u00e9 a b\u00edl\u00e9 v\u00edno.<\/p>\n Ml\u00e1de\u017e ale d\u00e1vala p\u0159ednost sla\u010founk\u00e9mu pun\u010di a tak\u00e9 lahodn\u00e9 pun\u010dov\u00e9 bowli. D\u00e1my ucuc\u00e1valy cukrovou vodu, limon\u00e1dy \u010di mra\u017een\u00e9 mandlov\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko. Drah\u00fdm \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00fdm se \u0161et\u0159ilo a\u017e na p\u016flno\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpitek. Tradice slavit p\u0159\u00edchod nov\u00e9ho roku \u010d\u00ed\u0161\u00ed sektu se pr\u00fd zrodila v dob\u00e1ch t\u0159icetilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee zvuk vyst\u0159elen\u00e9 z\u00e1tky p\u0159i otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e1hve za\u017eene nep\u0159\u00e1tele. Kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk pozvedne sklenku v\u00edna, slu\u0161\u00ed se i n\u011bco \u0159\u00edci. A tak pronese p\u0159\u00edpitek. Pr\u00fd jej vynalezli u\u017e sta\u0159\u00ed \u0158ekov\u00e9, od nich\u017e to p\u0159ejali \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 a postupn\u011b cel\u00e1 Evropa. V 18. stolet\u00ed se ust\u00e1lila i pravidla k pron\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpitk\u016f. P\u0159i ve\u010de\u0159i musela b\u00fdt ka\u017ed\u00e1 sklenka v\u00edna nejprve pozvednuta na n\u011b\u010d\u00ed po\u010dest. Odm\u00edtnut\u00ed se ch\u00e1palo jako ur\u00e1\u017eka. Od nepam\u011bti si lid\u00e9 p\u0159i pit\u00ed sektu pop\u0159\u00e1li to nejlep\u0161\u00ed. D\u016fkazem jsou p\u0159\u00edpitky v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u0159e\u010dech sv\u011bta, kde je na prv\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b hodn\u011b zdrav\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. Teprve pak se objevuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, l\u00e1sky, pen\u011bz a p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Zdroj:<\/strong> V\u0161e o v\u0161em, Hoam!, 1996, \u010d. 1, s. 20 Rosa Tahedlov\u00e1 P\u0159eklady a \u010desk\u00e9 texty Jan Mare\u0161, Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch<\/p>\n P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Silvestr <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":332861,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/27\/ram-o-silvestru.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180802"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=180802"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180802\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":332860,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180802\/revisions\/332860"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/332861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=180802"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=180802"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=180802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nJak zrnko p\u00edsku na dn\u011b Vltavy<\/em>
\nuplejv\u00e1 rok, kdo jen ho zastav\u00ed?<\/em>
\nZezhora z\u00e1\u0159ej hv\u011bzdy, zas a zas<\/em>
\njak sly\u0161ela bych vodsejpat se \u010das.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nTr\u00e1pen\u00ed p\u0159ejde, srdce tlu\u010de d\u00e1l.<\/em>
\nRok vodnese, co bolelo t\u011b snad,<\/em>
\njednou i dech ti veme napo\u0159\u00e1d.<\/em>
\nCo minulo, nevolej nazp\u00e1tek.<\/em>
\nZa dve\u0159ma \u010dek\u00e1 novej za\u010d\u00e1tek.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nNeptej se nic, \u010das s\u00e1m ti vodpov\u00ed.<\/em>
\nKdybych sebed\u00fdl hv\u011bzd se m\u011bla pt\u00e1t,<\/em>
\nTen naho\u0159e u\u017e v\u00ed, kam m\u00e1m se br\u00e1t.<\/em><\/p>\nP\u0159elom roku je tradi\u010dn\u011b obdob\u00ed, kdy bilancujeme. D\u00edv\u00e1me se, kde si v \u017eivot\u011b stoj\u00edme, ohl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme se za minulost\u00ed a rozhl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme do budoucnosti. Rozhodujeme se, jak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed kroky bychom m\u011bli v \u017eivot\u011b podniknout, co pustit a \u010demu se v\u011bnovat.<\/h6>\n
\n