{"id":180458,"date":"2020-12-26T00:05:21","date_gmt":"2020-12-25T23:05:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=180458"},"modified":"2020-12-26T00:05:21","modified_gmt":"2020-12-25T23:05:21","slug":"stara-sumava-koleda-koleda-stepane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=180458","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Koleda, koleda, \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1ne"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Druh\u00fd sv\u00e1tek v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed slav\u00edme na Svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na a hodov\u00e1n\u00ed zvesela pokra\u010duje d\u00e1l. Jen nev\u00edm, jestli je co oslavovat, moc dob\u0159e toti\u017e svat\u00fd \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n nedopadl, byl to rebel, kter\u00fd na svoji nespoutanost doplatil \u017eivotem. Pr\u00fd to byl velmi moudr\u00fd a vzd\u011blan\u00fd mu\u017e, kter\u00fd z \u017eidovsk\u00e9 v\u00edry p\u0159estoupil na k\u0159es\u0165anskou, a to ho st\u00e1lo \u017eivot.<\/h6>\n

Ve\u0159ejn\u011b vinil \u017eidy ze smrti Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e a hl\u00e1sal, \u017ee je roven Bohu. D\u00edky t\u011bmto slov\u016fm si chud\u00e1k vykoledoval smrt ukamenov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159ed Dama\u0161skou br\u00e1nou do Jeruzal\u00e9ma. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n je patronem ko\u0148\u016f, \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 proti bolestem hlavy, d\u00e1v\u00e1 pozor na kameny a na ty, kter\u00fdm by hrozilo ukamenov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159imlouv\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 za dobrou smrt.<\/p>\n

Koleda koleda, \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1ne<\/h6>\n

Koleda, koleda, \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1ne,<\/em>
\n co to nese\u0161 ve d\u017eb\u00e1n\u011b,<\/em>
\n nesu, nesu koledu,<\/em>
\n upad’ jsem s n\u00ed na ledu.<\/em>
\n Psi se na m\u011b sb\u011bhli,<\/em>
\n koledu mi sn\u011bdli.<\/em><\/p>\n

J\u00e1 jsem mal\u00fd koledn\u00ed\u010dek,<\/em>
\n p\u0159i\u0161el jsem k v\u00e1m pro p\u011btn\u00ed\u010dek,<\/em>
\n p\u011btn\u00ed\u010dek mi dejte,<\/em>
\n nic se mi nesm\u011bjte,<\/em>
\n v\u0161ak j\u00e1 jsem se najedl,<\/em>
\n such\u00e9 \u0159epy neberu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Co mn\u011b d\u00e1te to vezmu,<\/em>
\n t\u0159eba trochu ka\u0161e,<\/em>
\n v\u017edy\u0165 je v\u0161echna va\u0161e,<\/em>
\n t\u0159eba starou kr\u00e1vu,<\/em>
\n vezmu ji na k\u00e1vu,<\/em>
\n t\u0159eba zlat\u00fd tele,<\/em>
\n vezmu do kabele.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u0159eba mal\u00fd rohl\u00ed\u010dek,<\/em>
\n m\u00e1m tu na n\u011bj pytl\u00ed\u010dek,<\/em>
\n a to \u017ee mi nic ned\u00e1te,<\/em>
\n hlavn\u011b si m\u011b nahn\u011bv\u00e1te,<\/em>
\n otlu\u010du v\u00e1m v\u0161echny hrnce,<\/em>
\n co v polici m\u00e1te.<\/em><\/p>\n

Pokud t\u011b rozbol\u00ed hlava, vyzkou\u0161ej ho zavolat na pomoc, kdov\u00ed, t\u0159eba pom\u016f\u017ee. Na jeho po\u010dest by se pr\u00fd m\u011bla p\u0159ipravovat pernat\u00e1 dr\u016fbe\u017e. Tak\u00e9 na\u0161i p\u0159edci hojn\u011b slavili, zvesela se \u010darovalo a kouzl\u016fm byl p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1n velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam, proto\u017ee se v\u011b\u0161tilo, co na koho v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce \u010dek\u00e1. Tento starod\u00e1vn\u00fd zvyk v\u0161ak upadl d\u00edky c\u00edrkv\u00edm v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed a lid\u00e9 se b\u00e1li trest\u016f, kter\u00e9 by n\u00e1sledovaly. St\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b pokra\u010duje doba rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho sd\u00edlen\u00ed l\u00e1sky.<\/p>\n

Koleda m\u00e1 ko\u0159eny podstatn\u011b hlub\u0161\u00ed – kdysi kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed pohansk\u00fdch bo\u017estev v dob\u011b slunovratu obch\u00e1zeli domy, do nich\u017e jejich zp\u011bv m\u011bl p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed – za co\u017e se jim dost\u00e1valo odm\u011bny. Pozd\u011bji se tento ob\u0159ad stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Saturn\u00e1li\u00ed a s k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00edm se zm\u011bnil na oslavn\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b s v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm obsahem. A proto\u017ee dny, kdy se slavil slunovrat byly naz\u00fdv\u00e1ny latinsky Calendae, je z\u0159ejm\u00fd i p\u016fvod slova ,,koleda\u201c. Term\u00edn calendae m\u011bl ale v\u00edce v\u00fdznam\u016f – ozna\u010doval nap\u0159\u00edklad i ka\u017ed\u00fd prvn\u00ed den v m\u011bs\u00edci. Vyvinulo se z n\u011bj i dne\u0161n\u00ed pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Koleda v podob\u011b, v jak\u00e9 ji vn\u00edm\u00e1me dnes, je d\u00edlem st\u0159edov\u011bku – nejprve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 zp\u011bvy, z\u00e1hy vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 nejprve studenty k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1rk\u016f, posl\u00e9ze i dal\u0161\u00edmi lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed si tak rovn\u011b\u017e vylep\u0161ovali \u017eivobyt\u00ed. Koledoval kde kdo – zejm\u00e9na chud\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9. Pro d\u011bti to bylo skv\u011bl\u00e9 povyra\u017een\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v 19. stolet\u00ed chod\u00edvaly na koledy s h\u016flkou, na kter\u00e9 byla p\u0159ipevn\u011bna betl\u00e9msk\u00e1 hv\u011bzda, a s bed\u00fdnkou, ve kter\u00e9 m\u011bly postaven\u00e9 mal\u00e9 jesli\u010dky. Pro chud\u00e9 pak byla koleda p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost, jak si obohatit j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek. Dle historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f si chud\u00e9 rodiny \u010dasto koledou zabezpe\u010dily \u017eivobyt\u00ed na n\u011bkolik n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch zimn\u00edch t\u00fddn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Podle toho, \u010d\u00edm byli obdarov\u00e1ni, se v\u011b\u0161tila budoucnost. Postupn\u011b se ale tento zvyk stal z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed a b\u011bhem 20. stolet\u00ed v na\u0161ich zem\u00edch z valn\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny vymizel. Tento den byl tak\u00e9 jednou z m\u00e1la mo\u017enost\u00ed, kdy chasa mohla zm\u011bnit hospod\u00e1\u0159e. Na odchodnou dost\u00e1vali slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed kol\u00e1\u010d, tvo\u0159en\u00fd t\u0159emi spleten\u00fdmi prameny do kruhu a ozdoben\u00fd pentlemi a o\u0159echy. Z oslav \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch saturn\u00e1li\u00ed se n\u011bkde zachoval i zvyk, \u017ee si sluhov\u00e9 a p\u00e1ni m\u011bnili sv\u00e9 postaven\u00ed, jinde alespo\u0148 p\u00e1nov\u00e9 zvali sluhy ke stolu, kde s nimi mohli hodovat jako rovn\u00fd s rovn\u00fdm. Veselou atmosf\u00e9ru je\u0161t\u011b dokreslovali obecn\u00ed past\u00fd\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed si cht\u011bli p\u0159ilep\u0161it ke sv\u00e9mu chud\u00e9mu platu. Chodili od domu k domu, vytrubovali a \u017e\u00e1dali n\u011bjak\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek. S druh\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm ale nen\u00ed spojeno jen koledov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1vn\u00fdch zvyk\u016f bylo v\u00edc – pozornost se nap\u0159\u00edklad v tento den v\u011bnovala ko\u0148\u016fm, s nimi\u017e se vyj\u00ed\u017ed\u011blo na proj\u00ed\u017e\u010fku, n\u011bkde i v cel\u00fdch pr\u016fvodech. S ko\u0148mi souviselo i sv\u011bcen\u00ed ovsa, kter\u00fd se jim pak p\u0159id\u00e1val do krmen\u00ed – pro zdrav\u00ed. Na sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na se ale sv\u011btilo i zrno jin\u00fdch obilnin, kter\u00e9 pak chlapci h\u00e1zeli na d\u011bv\u010data. \u00dakon z\u0159eteln\u011b souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi ob\u0159ady plodnosti. Dodnes, ani\u017e mnohdy \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci tu\u0161\u00ed jeho p\u016fvod, se jeho varianty objevuj\u00ed p\u0159i svatb\u00e1ch. P\u0159i ch\u016fzi do kostela na svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na jsou d\u00edvky zasyp\u00e1v\u00e1ny spr\u0161kou ovesn\u00e9ho zrn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 na n\u011b ml\u00e1denci h\u00e1zej\u00ed; p\u0159ed vesnick\u00fdmi kostely se ten oby\u010dej, zvan\u00fd Steffeln, provozuje tak intenz\u00edvn\u011b, \u017ee prostranstv\u00ed p\u0159ed kostelem b\u00fdv\u00e1 zrn\u00edm zcela poseto a pt\u00e1k\u016fm, jim\u017e je v zim\u011b potrava tak vz\u00e1cn\u00e1, dostane se tak rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed hostiny.<\/p>\n

Lidov\u00e1 pov\u011bra pova\u017euje “Steffeln” za prost\u0159edek “proti p\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed v boku” se sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed k daleko pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu v\u00fdznamu zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho oby\u010deje: “v\u011b\u0159ilo” se toti\u017e pr\u00fd, \u017ee podporuje plodnost a podle po\u010dtu zrn, uv\u00edzl\u00fdch na d\u00edv\u010din\u011b od\u011bvu, se s humorem usuzovalo na to, kolik bude m\u00edt d\u011bt\u00ed.Sotva skon\u010d\u00ed dopoledn\u00ed bohoslu\u017eba druh\u00e9ho Bo\u017e\u00edho Hodu v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho, spust\u00ed muzikanti v m\u00edstn\u00ed hospod\u011b sv\u00e9 svi\u017en\u00e9 tane\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1p\u011bvy. Mlad\u00e1 chasa chv\u00e1t\u00e1 z kostela rovnou na venkovskou tancova\u010dku. Po n\u011bkolika tanc\u00edch se v\u0161ak ml\u00e1denci a d\u00edvky – \u010dasto v p\u00e1rech, pon\u011bvad\u017e amor nasadil nov\u00e1 pouta \u010di ta uvoln\u011bn\u00e1 pevn\u011bji p\u0159it\u00e1hl – vytr\u00e1cej\u00ed dom\u016f, aby se po ob\u011bd\u011b op\u011bt vr\u00e1tili.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1bava se dr\u017e\u00ed dlouho do noci, nez\u0159\u00eddka a\u017e do rozb\u0159esku dal\u0161\u00edho dne. Potom ale vyvane kouzeln\u00e1 sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1lada a st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e1 ka\u017edodennost vol\u00e1 znovu k navykl\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: SCHAUBER, Vera; SCHINDLER, Hanns Michael. Rok se svat\u00fdmi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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