{"id":179494,"date":"2020-12-12T15:05:38","date_gmt":"2020-12-12T14:05:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=179494"},"modified":"2020-12-12T15:05:38","modified_gmt":"2020-12-12T14:05:38","slug":"stara-sumava-obchuzky-svate-lucie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=179494","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Obch\u016fzky svat\u00e9 Lucie"},"content":{"rendered":"

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“Jdu, jdu, noci upiju. Jdu, jdu, noci upiju. Jdu, jdu, noci upiju – a dne nep\u0159id\u00e1m…”<\/em><\/h6>\n

Ke zmatk\u016fm kolem data slunovratu p\u0159isp\u011bla zm\u011bna kalend\u00e1\u0159e, kterou roku 1582 zavedl pape\u017e \u0158eho\u0159 XIII. Lidov\u00e9 r\u010den\u00ed Lucie noci upije, ale dni nep\u0159id\u00e1, n\u00e1m asi bude p\u0159ipadat trochu nelogick\u00e9. Rozpor se d\u00e1 vysv\u011btlit snad jenom v\u00fdvojem kalend\u00e1\u0159e. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku p\u0159ipadl sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9 Lucie na zimn\u00ed slunovrat a platilo \u201eLucie noci upije\u201c. Mezi star\u0161\u00edm juli\u00e1nsk\u00fdm a skute\u010dn\u00fdm slune\u010dn\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159em v\u0161ak vznikla b\u011bhem stalet\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e1 odchylka. Tu vyrovnal nov\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 \u2013 gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd. Po p\u0159ijet\u00ed tohoto kalend\u00e1\u0159e v 16.stolet\u00ed po\u0159ekadlo \u201eLucie noci upije\u201c u\u017e neplatilo, ale asi bylo lidem l\u00edto ho \u00fapln\u011b zru\u0161it, tak se p\u0159idal dov\u011btek \u201eale noci nep\u0159id\u00e1\u201c, a v t\u00e9to form\u011b se n\u00e1m r\u010den\u00ed zachovalo a\u017e dodnes.<\/p>\n

Svat\u00e1 Lucie je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za kr\u00e1lovnu noci. Jm\u00e9no poch\u00e1z\u00ed z latinsk\u00e9ho lux, v p\u0159ekladu sv\u011btlo, jej\u00edm \u00fakolem bylo vymetat tmu a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et sv\u011btlo. A jin\u00e1 pranostika \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u2013 Na svatou Lucii jasn\u00fd den, urod\u00ed se konop\u00ed a len. Den svat\u00e9 Lucie, tedy 13. prosinec, pova\u017eovali d\u0159\u00edve lid\u00e9 za jeden z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f p\u0159ed V\u00e1noci. N\u011bkde si dokonce tento sv\u00e1tek obl\u00edbili v\u00edce ne\u017e den svat\u00e9ho Mikul\u00e1\u0161e. Podle star\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e9ho po\u0159ekadla je svat\u00e1 Lucie kr\u00e1lovnou zimy.<\/p>\n

My k v\u00e1m dneska p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00edme svatou Lucii,<\/em>
\n co ona zkusit musela, to snad ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00ed.<\/em>
\n Necht\u011bla si kr\u00e1le vz\u00edt, rad\u011bji zvolila zem\u0159\u00edt,<\/em>
\n ne\u017e by sv\u00e9ho Krista P\u00e1na m\u011bla by zap\u0159\u00edt.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hospod\u00e1\u0159i s hospodyn\u00ed, my v\u00e1s pros\u00edme,<\/em>
\n dovolte n\u00e1m hospoda\u0159it ve va\u0161em dom\u011b.<\/em>
\n Cukrov\u00ed v\u00e1m nape\u010dem, cel\u00fd byt vygruntujem<\/em>
\n a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00e1s, milej pane, vyfe\u0161\u00e1kujem<\/em><\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9 Lucie pat\u0159il k p\u011bkn\u00fdm adventn\u00edm zvyk\u016fm, jeho\u017e oslavy u\u017e ale pomalu vymizely. Podle nejstar\u0161\u00ed dochovan\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o obch\u016fzk\u00e1ch Lucek v d\u00edle Jana Jakuba Ryby z roku 1804 Lucky “trestaly” d\u011bti. Lucka byla b\u00edle zahalen\u00e1 a s maskovanou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, zt\u011bles\u0148ovala strach a hr\u016fzu. Nav\u0161t\u011bvovala jednotliv\u00e1 staven\u00ed a stra\u0161ila d\u011bti, \u017ee jim rozp\u00e1\u0159e b\u0159icho no\u017eem, kdy\u017e se o adventu nebudou postit.<\/p>\n

Lucie je tak\u00e9 symbolem \u010distoty, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak patronkou velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed profes\u00ed a \u0159emesel, nap\u0159\u00edklad kaj\u00edc\u00edch se nev\u011bstek, sedl\u00e1k\u016f, skl\u00e1\u0159\u016f, sedl\u00e1\u0159\u016f, krej\u010d\u00edch, \u0161vadlen, tkalc\u016f, no\u017ei\u0159\u016f, ko\u010d\u00edch, p\u00edsa\u0159\u016f, not\u00e1\u0159\u016f. V Anglii je patronkou advok\u00e1t\u016f, podomn\u00edch obchodn\u00edk\u016f, spisovatel\u016f a slu\u017eek. Lid\u00e9 se k n\u00ed modlili proti o\u010dn\u00edm nemocem, bolestem v krku, infekc\u00edch, krv\u00e1cen\u00edm a \u00faplavici. Je ale tak\u00e9 ochr\u00e1ncem p\u0159ed \u010darod\u011bjnicemi. Nap\u0159\u00edklad lid\u00e9 na Morav\u011b se p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi kouzly chr\u00e1nili tak, \u017ee od 13. prosince a\u017e do \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9ho dne odhodili ka\u017ed\u00fd den jedno poleno. T\u00edmto d\u0159evem pak zatopili na Bo\u017e\u00ed hod. V\u011b\u0159ilo se tak\u00e9, \u017ee kdy\u017e d\u00e1 hospodyn\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd den stranou kousek t\u011bsta s ko\u0159en\u00edm, nebudou nad nimi m\u00edt \u010darod\u011bjnice moc. Tak\u00e9 kdy\u017e si hospod\u00e1\u0159 tento den vyrobil stoli\u010dku a v m\u00edst\u011b suku ud\u011blal otvor, mohl j\u00edm o m\u0161i na Bo\u017e\u00ed hod rozeznat v kostele \u010darod\u011bjnici.<\/p>\n

Tam, kde s Luckou chod\u00ed pr\u016fvod masek, b\u00fdv\u00e1 veselo. V domech prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed nezbednosti a hr\u00e1li divadeln\u00ed hry o Lucii. V ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch byla tradice \u0161esti Lucek \u2013 p\u011bt \u017een bylo v b\u00edl\u00e9m a jedna v kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e9m rou\u0161e. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 nesla n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho \u2013 jedna miminko, druh\u00e1 hadr a “rej\u017e\u00e1k”, t\u0159et\u00ed metlu, \u010dtvrt\u00e1 ko\u0161\u00edk s cukrovinkami, p\u00e1t\u00e1 mal\u00ed\u0159skou \u0161t\u011btku. Po vstupu do obydl\u00ed ob\u0159adn\u011b pozdravily, prvn\u00ed s d\u00edt\u011btem usedla na stoli\u010dku a houpala jej, druh\u00e1 p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bla myt\u00ed podlahy, t\u0159et\u00ed metlou popoh\u00e1n\u011bla d\u011bti, aby se modlily, \u010dtvrt\u00e1 obdarovala d\u011bti, p\u00e1t\u00e1 p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bla malov\u00e1n\u00ed a kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed vykropila obydl\u00ed za neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho modlen\u00ed. N\u011bkdy Lucky p\u0159epadaly mu\u017ee p\u0159\u00edmo v hospod\u011b u piva a to je pak nat\u00edrali ho\u0159\u010dic\u00ed, kolomaz\u00ed, zasyp\u00e1valy je moukou a \u0161\u0165ouchaly je va\u0159e\u010dkami. Pr\u00fd proto, \u017ee jsou l\u00edn\u00ed a nepomohou s dom\u00e1c\u00edm \u00faklidem p\u0159ed sv\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem obch\u016fzky jsou \u017eeny v ka\u017ed\u00e9m dom\u011b po\u010dastov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edpitkem, v mnoha dom\u00e1cnostech je pro n\u011b p\u0159ichyst\u00e1no poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Obch\u016fzka se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 podle n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e: B\u011bhem zp\u011bvu prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti p\u00edsn\u011b lucky zah\u00e1j\u00ed \u010dinnost (\u00faklid domu a holen\u00ed mu\u017e\u016f), n\u00e1sleduje p\u0159\u00edpitek, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b mal\u00e9 poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, zazn\u00ed druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st p\u00edsn\u011b, na rozlou\u010denou se pak hospod\u00e1\u0159i pod\u011bkuje za pohostinnost. P\u0159\u00edpitek utvrzuje vztah mezi dom\u00e1c\u00edm a hostem. Odm\u00edtnut\u00ed je spole\u010densky nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9, mohlo by b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za poru\u0161en\u00ed pravidla, tud\u00ed\u017e jistou odcizenost. Stejn\u011b jako je slu\u0161nost\u00ed nab\u00edzen\u00e9 zkonzumovat, opak znamen\u00e1 daru si nev\u00e1\u017eit. P\u0159\u00edpitek tak\u00e9 symbolizuje po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed do nov\u00e9ho roku. Lucky si s hostiteli p\u0159ip\u00edjej\u00ed na zdrav\u00ed a op\u011btn\u00e9 shled\u00e1n\u00ed. Tam, kde se zdr\u017e\u00ed u prost\u0159en\u00e9 tabule, b\u00fdv\u00e1 veselo. Vypr\u00e1v\u00ed se vesel\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edhody, vtip st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 vtip, cel\u00e9 posezen\u00ed se nese v \u017eertovn\u00e9 a vesel\u00e9 n\u00e1lad\u011b.<\/p>\n

V p\u0159edve\u010der sv\u00e1tku sv. Lucie a na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den se n\u011bkde objevovala tak\u00e9 Peruchta nebo Perchta, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla je\u0161t\u011b stra\u0161ideln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzhled ne\u017e Lucky. Chodila v obr\u00e1cen\u00e9m ko\u017eichu, na hlav\u011b m\u011bla kr\u00e1li\u010d\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei a nosila s sebou n\u016f\u017e a kbel\u00edk. V ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch chodila Perchta oble\u010den\u00e1 do b\u00edl\u00fdch hadr\u016f s \u010dervenou zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed maskou se zuby a dlouh\u00fdm jazykem. Nosila s sebou n\u016f\u017e, kbel\u00edk na krev a koudel. Zlobiv\u00fdm d\u011btem hrozila, \u017ee jim rozp\u00e1\u0159e b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ka a vycpe je koudel\u00ed. Ze \u0160umavy, os\u00eddlen\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi obyvateli, se dochovaly zm\u00ednky o masce naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 Lutzl. Lutzl kontroloval, jestli byly sn\u011bdeny v\u0161echny knedl\u00edky. Pro v\u00fdstrahu nos\u00edval u sebe velk\u00fd n\u016f\u017e.<\/p>\n

Na den sv\u00e1tku sv. Lucie se ale podle tradice knedl\u00edky jedly, tak nem\u011bl v\u011bt\u0161inou koho potrestat a lidem byl sp\u00ed\u0161e k sm\u00edchu a odmaskov\u00e1n.A pak a\u017e 19.prosince chodil na \u0160umav\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed ,, stra\u0161\u00e1k\u201c. Jmenoval se Klempera a \u010dek\u00e1val na d\u011bti s velk\u00fdm kladivem nebo palic\u00ed. Tloukl j\u00edm do necek nebo d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho soudku a hrozil t\u011bm d\u011btem, kter\u00e9 necht\u011bly j\u00edst nebo byly mlsn\u00e9, nebo s j\u00eddlem nezach\u00e1zely tak jak se m\u00e1.Lidsk\u00e1 fantazie je neomezen\u00e1 a chu\u0165 sdru\u017eovat se, bavit se a n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159e\u010dkat dlouhou zimu se projevovala t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> SCHAUBER, Vera; SCHINDLER, Hanns Michael. Rok se svat\u00fdmi. 2. vyd. Kosteln\u00ed Vyd\u0159\u00ed: Karmelit\u00e1nsk\u00e9 nakladatelstv\u00ed, 1997.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  “Jdu, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":210735,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-obch\u016fzky.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179494"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=179494"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179494\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210736,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179494\/revisions\/210736"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/210735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=179494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=179494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=179494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}