{"id":177429,"date":"2020-11-25T14:41:20","date_gmt":"2020-11-25T13:41:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=177429"},"modified":"2020-11-25T14:41:20","modified_gmt":"2020-11-25T13:41:20","slug":"stara-sumava-o-konskem-reznikovi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=177429","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O ko\u0148sk\u00e9m \u0159ezn\u00edkovi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-177430 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/22\/O-KO\u0147SK\u00c9M-\u0158EZN\u00cdKOVI..jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/22\/O-KO\u0147SK\u00c9M-\u0158EZN\u00cdKOVI..jpg 960w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/22\/O-KO\u0147SK\u00c9M-\u0158EZN\u00cdKOVI.-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/22\/O-KO\u0147SK\u00c9M-\u0158EZN\u00cdKOVI.-768x426.jpg 768w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/22\/O-KO\u0147SK\u00c9M-\u0158EZN\u00cdKOVI.-644x357.jpg 644w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/22\/O-KO\u0147SK\u00c9M-\u0158EZN\u00cdKOVI.-872x483.jpg 872w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><em>Bytem von\u00ed konina,<\/em><br \/>\n<em> to star\u00e1 d\u011bl\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzky,<\/em><br \/>\n<em> j\u00e1 maluju si Lenina<\/em><br \/>\n<em> a b\u011bloskvouc\u00ed b\u0159\u00edzky\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>(<strong>(Karel Kryl)<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch liter\u00e1rn\u00edch d\u00edlech se objevuje konzumace koniny jako symbol chudoby, nedostatku lep\u0161\u00edho j\u00eddla nebo lakoty a \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Nap\u0159. zn\u00e1m\u00fd klukovsk\u00fd posm\u011b\u0161ek z kn\u00ed\u017eky Bylo n\u00e1s p\u011bt od Karla Pol\u00e1\u010dka: <em>&#8220;Pan Fajst vep\u0159ovou zblajz a pak koupil koninu pro celou rodinu.&#8221;<\/em> V dob\u011b nedostatku masa za vl\u00e1dy prezidenta Novotn\u00e9ho se zas objevoval slogan <em>&#8220;P\u016fl kila koniny do ka\u017ed\u00e9 rodiny.&#8221;<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>K\u016f\u0148 obecn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako u\u0161lechtil\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e, v\u011brn\u00fd pomocn\u00edk a p\u0159\u00edtel \u010dlov\u011bka. Ale k\u016f\u0148 byl tak\u00e9 a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b je i dosud zdrojem potravy pro \u010dlov\u011bka, i kdy\u017e si to v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s nechce p\u0159ipustit.<\/p>\n<p>Nutno ov\u0161em dodat, \u017ee na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed ko\u0148sk\u00e9 maso nikdy nepat\u0159ilo k vyhled\u00e1van\u00fdm potravin\u00e1m. Na rozd\u00edl nap\u0159\u00edklad od v\u00fdchodn\u00edch Slovan\u016f, kdy ko\u0148sk\u00e9 maso v jejich j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku bylo v 7. a 8. stolet\u00ed na stejn\u00e9 \u00farovni jako maso hov\u011bz\u00ed, nebo u mongolsk\u00fdch pastevc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed hojn\u011b po\u017e\u00edvali su\u0161en\u00e9 ko\u0148sk\u00e9 maso) a v\u011bt\u0161inou jeho konzumace stoupla v dob\u00e1ch v\u00e1lek a hladomoru, kdy byl nedostatek jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f potravin.<\/p>\n<p>Kon\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed byli sta\u0159\u00ed nebo m\u011bli v\u00e1\u017enou vadu, vykupovali ko\u0148\u0161t\u00ed \u0159ezn\u00edci. Ti kon\u011b por\u00e1\u017eeli na obecn\u00edch nebo vlastn\u00edch jatk\u00e1ch. Ostatn\u00ed \u0159ezn\u00edci si \u010dasto ze sv\u00fdch ko\u0148sk\u00fdch koleg\u016f d\u011blali legraci. Ko\u0148sk\u00fd \u0159ezn\u00edk se spolehliv\u011b roz\u010d\u00edlil, kdy\u017e byl osloven p\u0159\u00edzviskem kopejtko.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdrobky z ko\u0148sk\u00e9ho a h\u0159\u00edb\u011bc\u00edho masa byly vyr\u00e1b\u011bny zpravidla ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech. Specialitou mezi ko\u0148sk\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobky byla ko\u0148sk\u00e1 sekan\u00e1. Dal\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdrobky byly ko\u0148sk\u00fd sal\u00e1m, ko\u0148sk\u00fd sal\u00e1m to\u010den\u00fd, ko\u0148sk\u00e9 vu\u0159ty a p\u00e1rky. V\u00fdrobky se prod\u00e1valy zpravidla na pout\u00edch nebo jarmarc\u00edch, oh\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9 v kotl\u00edku s d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdm uhl\u00edm. Po t\u011bchto v\u00fdrobc\u00edch byla v\u017edy popt\u00e1vka, proto\u017ee byly levn\u00e9 a m\u011bly svoji typickou chu\u0165. Do ko\u0148sk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f se p\u0159id\u00e1valo v\u00edce soli a nov\u00e9ho ko\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zast\u0159elo m\u00edrn\u011b nasl\u00e1dlou chu\u0165 ko\u0148sk\u00e9ho masa. Proto\u017ee v\u00fdrobky byly levn\u00e9, kupovaly je hlavn\u011b v\u00edce\u010dlenn\u00e9 rodiny, vesnick\u00e1 chudina a lid\u00e9 s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy. Mezi \u0159ezn\u00edky a uzen\u00e1\u0159i se ko\u0148sk\u00e9 \u0159eznictv\u00ed pova\u017eovalo za pod\u0159adn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch ta\u017een\u00edch se ko\u0148sk\u00e9 maso op\u00e9kalo na ro\u017en\u00edch nebo se pl\u00e1tky masa pekly na \u017ehav\u00e9m uhl\u00ed. Pro p\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017ee poslou\u017eit tak\u00e9 obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Olomouce za t\u0159icetilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v roce 1642, kdy ko\u0148sk\u00e9 maso zachr\u00e1nilo obyvatelstvo p\u0159ed vyhladov\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Z t\u00e9to doby se zachoval i zp\u016fsob p\u0159\u00edpravy tohoto masa:<em> \u201eKdo chce ko\u0148sk\u00e9 maso chutn\u00e9 m\u00edti, mus\u00ed je v studen\u00e9 vod\u011b p\u0159es dv\u011b hodiny nechat se mo\u010diti a nasoliti a dva dny a dv\u011b noci nasolen\u00e9 le\u017eeti nechati, potom v hork\u00e9 vod\u011b dvakr\u00e1t, t\u0159ikr\u00e1t vymyti, je do hrnce d\u00e1ti a je va\u0159iti. Ko\u0148sk\u00e9 maso v\u0161ak chutn\u00e9 jest pe\u010den\u00e9, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed se nechat ve studen\u00e9 vod\u011b mo\u010diti, potom nasoliti, v soli nechati le\u017eeti a po dvou nocech, jak ji\u017e dotknuto, tak dlouho v hork\u00fd vod\u011b p\u0159em\u00fdvati, a\u017e to maso zb\u011bl\u00ed. To maso tak vypran\u00e9 neb p\u0159emyt\u00e9 mus\u00ed se do hrnce d\u00e1ti, ocet na\u0148 nal\u00edti, s\u016fl, pep\u0159, jalovec p\u0159idati, hrnec p\u0159ikr\u00fdti jej olepiti, aby z n\u011bho p\u00e1ra uj\u00edti nemohla, a k uhl\u00ed ohniv\u00e9mu hrnec p\u0159istaviti, aby se v n\u011bm maso dusilo, a\u017e by maso zm\u011bklo. Oby\u010dejn\u011b 4 hodiny dusiti\u00a0<\/em><em>se mus\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 ono dusiti se m\u016f\u017ee na p\u0159ikryt\u00e9m rendl\u00edku. Na ro\u017eni takov\u00e9 maso p\u00e9ci a j\u00edsti.\u201c <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky bylo i ko\u0148sk\u00e9 maso u n\u00e1s na potravinov\u00e9 l\u00edstky v pom\u011bru jedna ku dv\u011bma, to znamenalo, \u017ee na jeden kilogram ko\u0148sk\u00e9ho masa bez kosti bylo nutn\u00e9 odevzdat l\u00edstky na 500 g masa. Tak\u017ee o toto maso byl zna\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1jem. Por\u00e1\u017eeni sm\u011bli b\u00fdt pouze kon\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e nebyli schopni pr\u00e1ce. Koupit jate\u010dn\u00e9ho kon\u011b sm\u011bl pouze ko\u0148sk\u00fd \u0159ezn\u00edk pro svoji vlastn\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eku nebo ko\u0148sk\u00fd obchodn\u00edk, kter\u00fd kon\u011b d\u00e1le prodal ko\u0148sk\u00e9mu \u0159ezn\u00edkovi. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b byl stanoven kontingent na po\u010det kon\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sm\u011bl \u0159ezn\u00edk por\u00e1\u017eet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroj: VOSYKA, K. \u2013 GOETZ, J. (1930): \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed jatky a trh dobyt\u010d\u00ed 1895 \u2013 1930. Praha \u010cEPI\u010cKA, J. A KOL. (1955): Obecn\u00e1 potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 technologie. Praha.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Bytem <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":209166,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/25\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-o-\u0159ezn\u00edkovi.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177429"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=177429"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177429\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":209167,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177429\/revisions\/209167"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/209166"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=177429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=177429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=177429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}