{"id":176711,"date":"2019-11-12T12:46:48","date_gmt":"2019-11-12T11:46:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=176711"},"modified":"2019-11-12T12:46:48","modified_gmt":"2019-11-12T11:46:48","slug":"dtest-pesticidy-v-citrusove-kure-omyti-nepomuze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=176711","title":{"rendered":"dTEST: Pesticidy v citrusov\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e \u2013 omyt\u00ed nepom\u016f\u017ee"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Chemick\u00e9 o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed pomoc\u00ed pesticid\u016f m\u00e1 ochr\u00e1nit rostliny a jejich plody p\u0159ed \u0161k\u016fdci. Pesticidn\u00ed l\u00e1tky ov\u0161em \u0161kod\u00ed lidsk\u00e9mu endokrinn\u00edmu a reproduk\u010dn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu i v mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed. Spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e1 organizace dTest proto otestovala p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u00edce ne\u017e 240 r\u016fzn\u00fdch pesticid\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 se v citrusech setkat. Laborato\u0159 odhalila pesticidy ve 12 z 20 testovan\u00fdch produkt\u016f, bohu\u017eel i v citr\u00f3nech z ekologick\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho testu spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 organizace dTest bylo zm\u011b\u0159it, kolik pesticid\u016f a v jak\u00e9 koncentraci obsahuje prod\u00e1van\u00e1 citrusov\u00e1 k\u016fra v r\u016fzn\u00e9 podob\u011b. Organizace podrobila laboratorn\u00edm zkou\u0161k\u00e1m \u0161est druh\u016f \u010derstv\u00fdch citr\u00f3n\u016f v s\u00ed\u0165ce, troje su\u0161en\u00e9 citrusov\u00e9 k\u016fry a 11 druh\u016f kandovan\u00e9 pomeran\u010dov\u00e9, citr\u00f3nov\u00e9 nebo cedr\u00e1tov\u00e9 k\u016fry. Laborato\u0159 sledovala (ne)p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u00edce ne\u017e 240 pesticidn\u00edch l\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z testovan\u00fdch kategori\u00ed k\u016fry je sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem unik\u00e1tn\u00ed a pro\u0161la vlastn\u00edm testovac\u00edm programem. \u201eK\u016fra \u010derstv\u00fdch citr\u00f3n\u016f byla nejproblemati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kategori\u00ed \u2013 ve v\u0161ech \u0161esti vzorc\u00edch jsme na\u0161li pesticidy. Mrzut\u00e9 je, \u017ee to plat\u00ed i pro oba z\u00e1stupce bioprodukce, a to Tesco Organic Bio citr\u00f3ny a Citr\u00f3ny Billa\/Na\u0161e bio Organic Lemons. Vzhledem k deklarovan\u00e9mu ekologick\u00e9mu re\u017eimu jsme tyto n\u00e1lezy hodnotili velmi p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b. Citr\u00f3ny z Billy v na\u0161em testu propadly, proto\u017ee obsahovaly rovnou dva pesticidy nar\u00e1z. To je podle metodick\u00e9ho pokynu \u010desk\u00e9ho ministerstva zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed u ekologicky p\u011bstovan\u00e9ho ovoce nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9, bez ohledu na zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 koncentrace,\u201c<\/em> popisuje zklam\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161\u00e9fredaktorka \u010dasopisu dTest Hana Hoffmannov\u00e1. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 \u010derstv\u00e9 citr\u00f3ny z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 neekologick\u00e9 produkce obsahovaly \u010dty\u0159i a\u017e deset rezidu\u00ed pesticid\u016f.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm typem testovan\u00fdch potravin byly su\u0161en\u00e9 citr\u00f3nov\u00e9 k\u016fry v obchodech prod\u00e1van\u00e9 mezi ko\u0159en\u00edm. V\u0161echny t\u0159i v\u00fdrobky t\u00e9to skupiny obsahovaly pesticidy, m\u011bly v sob\u011b sedm a\u017e deset r\u016fzn\u00fdch rezidu\u00ed, ov\u0161em v povolen\u00fdch limitech.<\/p>\n

Nej\u010dist\u0161\u00ed z pohledu pesticid\u016f byla kandovan\u00e1 ovocn\u00e1 k\u016fra \u2013 u osmi vzork\u016f analytick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pesticidy nezaznamenaly. U zbyl\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed u\u017e se n\u011bkolik l\u00e1tek proti \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm objevilo, nem\u011bly v\u0161ak probl\u00e9m s dodr\u017een\u00edm limit\u016f. Na druhou stranu obsahuje kandovan\u00e1 k\u016fra \u010dasto p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky jako si\u0159i\u010ditany, sorban draseln\u00fd nebo um\u011bl\u00e1 barviva \u2013 o jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnosti se spot\u0159ebitel do\u010dte na obale.<\/p>\n

Jak funguje regulace pesticid\u016f v Evrop\u011b? V Evropsk\u00e9 unii p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f funguje syst\u00e9m dvoj\u00ed kontroly. Prvn\u00edm stupn\u011bm je seznam povolen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f s definovan\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed. Pro ka\u017edou l\u00e1tku je tak nap\u0159\u00edklad stanoveno, za jak\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem se sm\u00ed aplikovat a tak\u00e9 ve kter\u00e9m obdob\u00ed. \u010casov\u00e9 vymezen\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 proto, aby ve sklizen\u00fdch plodin\u00e1ch nez\u016fst\u00e1valy vysok\u00e9 koncentrace zbytk\u016f pesticid\u016f, tzv. rezidu\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jimi se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 druh\u00fd stupe\u0148 regulace \u2013 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010d. 396\/2005, kter\u00e9 pro jednotliv\u00e9 typy potravin v\u00fdskyt zbytk\u016f pesticid\u016f limituje. Stejn\u00e1 pravidla plat\u00ed i pro potraviny dovezen\u00e9 do EU z ostatn\u00edch ne\u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Pro vybran\u00e9 skupiny potravin plat\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pravidla. P\u0159\u00edkladem jsou biopotraviny nebo speci\u00e1ln\u00ed potraviny pro mal\u00e9 d\u011bti. V prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je pou\u017eit\u00ed pesticid\u016f a\u017e na mal\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky zcela zak\u00e1z\u00e1no, ve druh\u00e9m je pak velmi siln\u011b omezeno.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u00fdm dopl\u0148kem p\u0159edstaven\u00fdch pravidel jsou \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed kontroly. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je prov\u00e1d\u00ed St\u00e1tn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 a potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 inspekce a jen v minul\u00e9m roce prov\u011b\u0159ila dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pesticidov\u00fdch pravidel u 1194 \u0161ar\u017e\u00ed potravin. Nadlimitn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed pesticid\u016f na\u0161la u 35 z nich.<\/p>\n

Kolik pesticid\u016f se prod\u00e1 v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed? Podle \u00fadaj\u016f Eurostatu se v roce 2017 v \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech Evropsk\u00e9 unie prodalo v\u00edce ne\u017e 390 000 tun pesticid\u016f. Nej\u010dast\u011bji \u0161lo o l\u00e1tky chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ed pl\u00edsn\u011bmi a houbami (fungicidy) a bakteriemi (baktericidy). T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 73 % v\u0161ech pesticid\u016f se prodalo v pouh\u00fdch p\u011bti st\u00e1tech: \u0160pan\u011blsku, It\u00e1lii, Francii, N\u011bmecku a Polsku. \u010cesk\u00e9 republice s ro\u010dn\u00edm prodejem pesticid\u016f okolo 5500 tun pat\u0159\u00ed mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty EU 12. m\u00edsto. P\u0159ehled testovan\u00fdch k\u016fr najdete na webu: http:\/\/www.dtest.cz\/citrusova-kura<\/strong><\/a>. Kompletn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky testu p\u0159ineslo listopadov\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasopisu dTest.<\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e9 rady dTestu:<\/h6>\n

Lze d\u016fkladn\u00fdm omyt\u00edm zbavit citr\u00f3novou k\u016fru pesticid\u016f?<\/p>\n

Tepl\u00e1 voda sice dok\u00e1\u017ee z povrchu odstranit ochrannou voskovou vrstvu, ale s pesticidy p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nepohne, proto\u017ee se n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich ve vod\u011b \u0161patn\u011b rozpou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed. Omyt\u00ed komplikuje nav\u00edc \u010dlenit\u00fd povrch citr\u00f3nu, v jeho\u017e z\u00e1kout\u00edch se mohou pesticidy p\u0159ed vodou ukr\u00fdt.<\/p>\n

Spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e1 organizace dTest provedla pokus podle \u201ezaru\u010den\u00e9ho\u201c n\u00e1vodu na odstran\u011bn\u00ed pesticid\u016f v dom\u00e1c\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd koluje po internetu. Odborn\u00edci vlo\u017eili do roztoku slo\u017een\u00e9ho z 10 % oby\u010dejn\u00e9ho octa a 90 % vody na 15 minut vodou omyt\u00fd citr\u00f3n. Po vyjmut\u00ed z l\u00e1zn\u011b citr\u00f3n op\u011bt omyli vodou a nechali n\u00e1sledn\u011b chemicky zanalyzovat omytou k\u016fru i pou\u017eit\u00fd \u010distic\u00ed roztok. V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee \u010dtvrthodinov\u00e1 koupel v octov\u00e9 vod\u011b citr\u00f3n zbavila pesticid\u016f pouze z 50 %.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa experiment dom\u00e1c\u00edho omyt\u00ed jsme pou\u017eili \u010derstv\u00e9 citr\u00f3ny obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed osm pesticidn\u00edch l\u00e1tek. Po o\u010distn\u00e9 procedu\u0159e v octov\u00e9 vod\u011b jsme \u010dty\u0159i l\u00e1tky na\u0161li pouze v pou\u017eit\u00e9 l\u00e1zni a \u010dty\u0159i z\u016fstaly v k\u016f\u0159e,\u201c<\/em> shrnuje v\u00fdsledek pokusu Hana Hoffmannov\u00e1 a dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201ePokud chcete co nej\u010dist\u0161\u00ed citrusovou k\u016fru, s\u00e1hn\u011bte po n\u011bkter\u00e9 nep\u0159ibarven\u00e9 kandovan\u00e9. Pokud preferujete \u010derstv\u00e9 citr\u00f3ny, tak nejm\u00e9n\u011b pesticid\u016f z\u00edsk\u00e1te z bio produkce. Omyt\u00e9 citr\u00f3ny z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a su\u0161en\u00e1 citr\u00f3nov\u00e1 k\u016fra jsou z na\u0161eho pohledu srovnateln\u00e9. Ani u jedn\u00e9 z kategori\u00ed pesticidy nep\u0159ekro\u010dily povolen\u00e9 limity, ov\u0161em m\u016f\u017ee jich b\u00fdt a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 najednou.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

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Text a foto: dTEST<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Chemick\u00e9 o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":176719,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/12\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-pesticidy.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176711"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=176711"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176711\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":176720,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176711\/revisions\/176720"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/176719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=176711"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=176711"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=176711"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}