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Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Martina nejl\u00e9pe vystihuje selsk\u00e1 pranostika z roku 1710:<\/strong> Obdob\u00ed okolo za\u010d\u00e1tku listopadu je nejen p\u0159edzv\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchodu zimy, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 doba jednoho z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tradi\u010dn\u00edch \u010desk\u00fdch gastronomick\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f v roce. P\u0159ijde-li pozv\u00e1n\u00ed na martinsk\u00e9 hody, du\u0161e labu\u017en\u00edka se blahem zatetel\u00ed. Nen\u00ed divu, st\u016fl v den sv. Martina pat\u0159il a dodnes pat\u0159\u00ed zejm\u00e9na na venkov\u011b mezi nejbohat\u0161\u00ed v roce. P\u0159ed\u010dil dokonce i slavn\u00e9 hostiny svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e9ho posv\u00edcen\u00ed. Odkud se vzala tradice pe\u010den\u00ed svatomartinsk\u00e9 husy? A kam na poctivou husi\u010dku vyrazit? Nala\u010fte chu\u0165ov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a vydejte se s n\u00e1mi zap\u00e1trat do historie i sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\n \u010cesk\u00e1 klasika, dozlatova upe\u010den\u00e1 husi\u010dka serv\u00edrovan\u00e1 s podu\u0161en\u00fdm \u010derven\u00fdm a b\u00edl\u00fdm zel\u00edm a dv\u011bma druhy knedl\u00edk\u016f, p\u0159elit\u00e1 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vou z v\u00fdpeku. Kdy\u017e \u010desk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eNa svat\u00e9ho Martina, kou\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 se z kom\u00edna\u201c, b\u016fhv\u00ed jestli t\u00edm nemysl\u00ed, \u017ee se pr\u00e1v\u011b pe\u010de dob\u0159e vykrmen\u00e1 husi\u010dka. Lidov\u00e9 moudro dokonce varuje, \u017ee kdo v tento den ani neochutn\u00e1 martinskou husu, bude cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok hladov\u011bt! Nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda, \u017ee se pr\u00e1v\u011b tenhle pt\u00e1k uhn\u00edzdil v \u010dele martinsk\u00e9ho stolu. Jeho maso je v tomto obdob\u00ed vysloven\u011b chutn\u00e9, nebo\u0165 dom\u00e1c\u00ed dr\u016fbe\u017e m\u011bla za sebou letn\u00ed pastvu na zelen\u00e9m a husy pak i vykrmen\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u0161i\u0161kami. Dala se z n\u011bj p\u0159ipravit \u0159ada b\u00e1je\u010dn\u00fdch pochoutek, od lahodn\u00e9ho kaldounu (hus\u00ed pol\u00e9vky s dr\u016fbky a mal\u00fdmi knedl\u00ed\u010dky) a\u017e po proslul\u00e1 hus\u00ed jat\u00fdrka s mandlemi, o zlatav\u00e9 pe\u010d\u00ednce ani nemluv\u011b. Jen na okraj – zku\u0161en\u00ed gurm\u00e1ni pova\u017euj\u00ed za nejchutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kusy s kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm trupem. S\u00e1hnou tak\u00e9 rad\u011bji po hus\u00edch j\u00e1trech men\u0161\u00edch a tmav\u0161\u00edch. Sv\u011btl\u00e1 a velk\u00e1 pr\u00fd neb\u00fdvaj\u00ed tak kvalitn\u00ed.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, kter\u00e9 odhaluj\u00ed ko\u0159eny pe\u010den\u00ed husy na svat\u00e9ho Martina, je doslova pln\u00fd hrnec. Jeden z nich nap\u0159\u00edklad prav\u00ed, \u017ee husa se na pek\u00e1\u010d dostala za trest, proto\u017ee sv\u00fdm hlasit\u00fdm kejh\u00e1n\u00edm ru\u0161ila bohoslu\u017ebu, kterou svat\u00fd Martin v t\u00e9 dob\u011b vykon\u00e1val. Podle jin\u00e9 pov\u011bsti se zase svat\u00fd Martin, kter\u00fd m\u011bl b\u00fdt jmenov\u00e1n biskupem, schoval k hus\u00e1m, proto\u017ee mu tato pocta p\u0159i v\u0161\u00ed jeho skromnosti nebyla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 po chuti. Ty ho ov\u0161em kejh\u00e1n\u00edm prozradily a tak cht\u011b necht\u011b, op\u011bt skon\u010dily na pek\u00e1\u010di. D\u0159\u00edve se tak\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee podle svatomartinsk\u00e9 husy, respektive podle mno\u017estv\u00ed a rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd tuku a stavu kost\u00ed, se d\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00e1 p\u0159ijde zima.<\/p>\n Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh u\u017e tak poh\u00e1dkov\u00fd nen\u00ed. 11. listopad, na kdy sv\u00e1tek p\u0159ipad\u00e1, byl v pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm mezn\u00edkem v dan\u00e9m roce. V tento den skon\u010dila hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 sez\u00f3na, s\u010d\u00edtaly se v\u00fdnosy a ztr\u00e1ty, panstvo prob\u00edralo v\u0161elijak\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 strategie na dal\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed a zkracovaly se po\u010dty nevhodn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto bod\u011b do\u0161lo i na husy.<\/p>\n Z v\u00edce ne\u017e sto let star\u00fdch kucha\u0159sk\u00fdch knih se m\u016f\u017eete dozv\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee i tehdy sta\u010dilo husu osolit, d\u016fkladn\u011b nakm\u00ednovat zven\u010d\u00ed i zevnit\u0159, p\u0159idat major\u00e1nku a dovnit\u0159 housku. \u017demli\u010dka nebo houska toti\u017e pohlt\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed s\u00e1dla, kter\u00e9 se z husy vyp\u00e9k\u00e1. Pak u\u017e sta\u010d\u00ed jen nechat p\u00e9ct, ale \u010dasto ji i p\u0159el\u00edvat s\u00e1dlem, kter\u00e9 z husy pr\u00fd\u0161t\u00ed. T\u0159eba i v patn\u00e1ctiminutov\u00fdch intervalech. Jakmile se n\u00e1m prsa trochu upe\u010dou, husu oto\u010d\u00edme prsy dol\u016f, aby nebyla vysu\u0161en\u00e1. Podl\u00e9v\u00e1me pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b. Kontrolujeme, jestli je husa dost podlit\u00e1. Jestli pustila s\u00e1dlo, m\u016f\u017eeme dol\u00edt vodu. Kdy\u017e se n\u00e1m zd\u00e1 husa m\u00e1lo \u010derven\u00e1, na z\u00e1v\u011br ji odkryjeme, aby se dopekla do k\u0159upava. Jak pozn\u00e1me, \u017ee je husa hotov\u00e1? Je to vid\u011bt na hrudn\u00ed kosti. Kost za\u010dne praskat a za\u010dne se od n\u00ed odd\u011blovat maso. Tehdy pozn\u00e1me, \u017ee je husa p\u0159ipraven\u00e1.Jejich maso se p\u0159itom rozd\u011blovalo podle spole\u010densk\u00e9 hierarchie.<\/p>\n Jak se d\u011blila husa… K\u0159\u00eddlo dost\u00e1val nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed sluha, aby v pr\u00e1ci l\u00edtal. Stehno si vychutnal vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sluha. Zbytek husy pat\u0159il hospod\u00e1\u0159i. K\u016f\u017ee z nohou se d\u00e1vala do bot, aby chr\u00e1nila p\u0159ed pocen\u00edm a ku\u0159\u00edmi oky. Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Martina je tak\u00e9 dnem, kdy se uzav\u00edraly smlouvy mezi obc\u00ed a u\u010ditelem, obecn\u00edm past\u00fd\u0159em, ov\u010d\u00e1kem, ponocn\u00fdm i dal\u0161\u00edmi lidmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi pro \u017eivot obce. V tomto obdob\u00ed se kon\u00e1valy v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed trhy a na mnoha m\u00edstech tak\u00e9 pout\u011b. Historick\u00e9 an\u00e1ly zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed spoustu v\u00fdtr\u017enost\u00ed, rva\u010dek, p\u0159epaden\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00edch nep\u0159\u00edstojnost\u00ed. Mnoz\u00ed propili svou mzdu za jedin\u00fd den, a do dal\u0161\u00edho roku slu\u017eby tedy pokra\u010dovali bez gro\u0161e v kapse. \u00bbMart\u00ednek\u00ab se tak stalo hanliv\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm pro n\u011bkoho, kdo hodn\u011b pije a p\u00e1ch\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edstojnosti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Zdroj:<\/strong> Lum\u00edr, 1853, t\u00e9\u017e \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt: Staro\u010desk\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed oby\u010deje, pov\u011bry, slavnosti a z\u00e1bavy proston\u00e1rodn\u00ed, 1889. Tes\u00e1k Ji\u0159\u00edk Mo\u0161ovsk\u00fd: Martinianus anser. Svatomartinsk\u00e1 hus, v Praze, 1612, s. 120. Viz \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt: Staro\u010desk\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed oby\u010deje, rok 1889, s. 179-86. Tak\u00e9 Josef Jakub Jungmann: Historie literatury \u010desk\u00e9, s. 293<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Sv\u00e1tek <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":361162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/08\/ram-kralovna.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176540"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=176540"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":361161,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176540\/revisions\/361161"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/361162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=176540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=176540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=176540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nNa den sv. biskupa Martina<\/em>
\nmil\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159 a jeho dru\u017eina<\/em>
\nhusy jed\u00ed, v\u00edno k tomu poj\u00edce,<\/em>
\n\u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9ho Martina chv\u00e1l\u00edce;<\/em>
\np\u00e1ni, \u017e\u00e1ci a kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed se raduj\u00ed,<\/em>
\nneb se jim koledy p\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00ed.<\/em>
\nPacholci a d\u00edvky svobodu m\u00edvaj\u00ed,<\/em>
\na u jin\u00fdch p\u00e1n\u016f se zjedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n…Pe\u010den\u00e1 husa je j\u00eddlo, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1s odpoledne p\u0159ikov\u00e1 do k\u0159esla nebo do kanape a donut\u00ed rozj\u00edmat, jak nalo\u017e\u00edte se zbytkem roku \u2013 nic jin\u00e9ho stejn\u011b nebudete schopni d\u011blat! Knedl\u00edky a v\u00fdborn\u00e9 zel\u00ed va\u0161i mal\u00e1tnost dokonale podpo\u0159\u00ed, ale jsou tak skv\u011bl\u00e9\u2026<\/h6>\n
\nP\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/div>\nFoto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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