{"id":174893,"date":"2025-04-06T17:06:36","date_gmt":"2025-04-06T16:06:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=174893"},"modified":"2025-04-06T17:06:36","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T16:06:36","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-kamenne-snosy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=174893","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Kamenn\u00e9 snosy"},"content":{"rendered":"

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U\u017e ve 12. a 13. stolet\u00ed vznikaly na \u0160umav\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9 mal\u00e9 selsk\u00e9 osady s n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi obyvateli, kte\u0159\u00ed sem byli ze sousedn\u00edch Bavor povol\u00e1v\u00e1ni pozemkovou vrchnost\u00ed, aby vyklu\u010dili divok\u00fd pomezn\u00ed hvozd. Ne\u0161lo jist\u011b o \u00fakol nijak lehk\u00fd: zem\u011b rodila v\u00edc kamen\u00ed ne\u017e chleba, v\u0161ude panoval vodn\u00ed \u017eivel v podob\u011b slat\u00ed, ba\u017ein, velk\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch jezer a do \u00fadol\u00ed se \u0159\u00edt\u00edc\u00edch nespoutan\u00fdch byst\u0159in a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak les, les kam jen oko dos\u00e1hlo.<\/h6>\n

Lid\u00e9 vyzbrojen\u00ed sekerou a pilou, lama\u010di kamene a tak\u00e9 ohe\u0148 museli p\u0159ij\u00edt na pomoc, aby se z pou\u0161t\u011b stala orn\u00e1 pole. Mnoh\u00fd kus zem\u011b byl vydobyt krvav\u00fdm potem, ne\u017e z n\u011bj mohlo vzej\u00edt zrno. Tak \u0160umavan\u00e9 doslova vrostli do p\u016fdy, kter\u00e1 se jim stala domovem. Kolonist\u00e9 to ov\u0161em m\u011bli v \u00fadol\u00ed snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na hor\u00e1ch a v les\u00edch. Dolina byla \u00farodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nebylo tu tolik boje s kamen\u00edm. A\u017e na hor\u00e1ch, na skalnat\u00e9m podlo\u017e\u00ed \u0161lo opravdu do tuh\u00e9ho. Vysoko jako d\u016fm se vr\u0161ily kamenn\u00e9 snosy, za cel\u00fd den se vyhrabalo v\u00edc kamen\u016f ne\u017e zem\u011b; tak zchroml mnoh\u00fd selsk\u00fd h\u0159bet, ne\u017e j\u00ed sta\u010dilo pro ob\u017eivu rodiny. Mohlo trvat cel\u00e1 l\u00e9ta, ne\u017e P\u00e1n B\u016fh dop\u0159\u00e1l dosyta se naj\u00edst chleba z pol\u00ed, vzd\u011blan\u00fdch vlastn\u00edmi silami…<\/p>\n

Sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o \u010dinnosti \u010dlov\u011bka na m\u00edstech dnes pokryt\u00fdch lesem vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed i kamenn\u00e9 snosy nebo t\u0159eba terasy z ru\u010dn\u011b skl\u00e1dan\u00fdch kamen\u016f na \u00fadoln\u00edch svaz\u00edch. Krajinu \u0161umavskou doprov\u00e1z\u00ed, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b tam kde kdysi staven\u00ed star\u00e1 st\u00e1la. T\u00edm doprovodem jsou snosy kamenn\u00e9, co vinou se loukami i lesy. Kameny vysb\u00edr\u00e1ny a sn\u00e1\u0161eny z pol\u00ed\u010dek mal\u00fdch pro \u00farodu lep\u0161\u00ed byly a mnohdy ty dlouh\u00e9 valy z kamen\u00ed, hranici jednotliv\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159\u016f ur\u010dovaly. Usazuj\u00edc\u00ed se kolonist\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed byli zprvu \u017eivi z d\u016fln\u00ed \u010dinnosti, si museli po \u00fatlumu t\u011b\u017eby vybrat. Bu\u010f se za dolov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159est\u011bhovat jinam, nebo za\u010d\u00edt \u017e\u00edt z toho, co jim nab\u00edzelo okol\u00ed. Ti druz\u00ed nejprve vyklu\u010dili v bl\u00edzkosti sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edbytku \u010d\u00e1st lesa, a posl\u00e9ze za\u010dali s tak\u0159ka nekon\u010d\u00edc\u00edm sb\u011brem kamen\u016f.<\/p>\n

Kameny zt\u011b\u017eovaly obd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy i samotn\u00fd r\u016fst plodin. Jeliko\u017e ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b doch\u00e1zelo vlivem vody a mrazu k vyzved\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch kamen\u016f z podlo\u017e\u00ed sm\u011brem k povrchu, musela se p\u016fdn\u00ed z\u00e1soba kamen\u016f jevit jako nevy\u010derpateln\u00e1 a snaha zbavit louky a pastviny kamen\u00ed jako marn\u00e1. Kdy\u017e horal\u016fm kameny neposlou\u017eily ke stavb\u011b a\u017e n\u011bkolik set metr\u016f dlouh\u00fdch a metry \u0161irok\u00fdch a vysok\u00fdch z\u00eddek, kter\u00e9 odd\u011blovaly jednotliv\u00e9 pozemky od sebe navz\u00e1jem nebo od lesa, byly rovn\u00e1ny nebo jen tak nasyp\u00e1v\u00e1ny do hald. Tyto haldy byly um\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1ny na zem\u011bd\u011blsky nejm\u00e9n\u011b perspektivn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti pozemk\u016f, tj. v bl\u00edzkosti nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch skaln\u00edch v\u00fdchoz\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b byly vr\u0161eny i v rozvoln\u011bn\u00e9m lese.<\/p>\n

Kameny v\u0161ak nebyly jen obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Horal\u00e9 je dok\u00e1zali mistrn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt k vystav\u011bn\u00ed podezd\u00edvky sv\u00e9 chalupy, zpevn\u011bn\u00ed cesty \u010di k zarovn\u00e1n\u00ed pozemku a\u017e do t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ploch\u00fdch teras. Kameny jsou cen\u011bn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem dodnes. A co m\u00edsto, to jin\u00e9 tyhle snosy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed a tak\u00e9 podle druhu kamen\u00ed jejich podoba se m\u011bn\u00ed. Tam, kde kamen\u00ed placat\u00e9 sp\u00ed\u0161e b\u00fdv\u00e1, snosy vyskl\u00e1dan\u00e9 v z\u00eddky n\u00edzk\u00e9 jsou. Tam, kde kamen\u00ed je jak hrouda hl\u00edny, tam sn\u00e1\u0161eny byly ve valy dlouh\u00e9. Odtud n\u00e1zev kamenn\u00fd snos. Kameny se ze zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 plochy sb\u00edraly ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b, a tak kamenn\u00e9 valy postupn\u011b rostly a prodlu\u017eovaly se. Postupn\u011b tak vymezily vlastnick\u00e9 hranice jednotliv\u00fdch pozemk\u016f a v krajin\u011b vytvo\u0159ily jedine\u010dnou strukturu. Krajinou \u0160umavy se t\u00e1hne na sta kilometr\u016f kamenn\u00fdch snos\u016f a d\u00e1v\u00e1 j\u00ed nezam\u011bniteln\u00fd charakter. V\u0161ude tam, kde pluhy rok za rokem obracely kamenitou horskou p\u016fdu, museli sedl\u00e1ci, jejich \u017eeny i d\u011bti ka\u017ed\u00fd rok odn\u00e1\u0161et vyoran\u00e9 kameny na okraj pol\u00ed. Generace za generac\u00ed, st\u00e1le dokola a dokola.<\/p>\n

Kamenn\u00e9 snosy jsou tak dnes rovn\u011b\u017e kulturn\u00ed pam\u00e1tkou, p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou nam\u00e1hav\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f.jako\u017e tak\u00e9 mnoho kamen\u016f, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed t\u00edm \u010dast\u011bji, \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce se p\u016fda obrac\u00ed, a kter\u00e9 sedl\u00e1ci sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed na velk\u00e9 hromady. \u010clov\u011bk nevych\u00e1z\u00ed z \u00fa\u017easu nad velk\u00fdmi zdmi kolem pol\u00ed a nad t\u011b\u017ekou prac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je vytvo\u0159ila.\u201c P\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed kameny nekon\u010dily samoz\u0159ejm\u011b jen na okraj\u00edch pol\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 v\u0161ude, kde se nedalo orat. Na skalk\u00e1ch, na m\u00edstech s nehlubokou vrstvou p\u016fdy, nebo ve vlhk\u00fdch dol\u00edc\u00edch. Tak vznikaly kamenn\u00e9 haldy, na \u0160umav\u011b velmi \u010dast\u00e9. A mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch vzniklo jako d\u016fsledek hled\u00e1n\u00ed zlatorudn\u00fdch lo\u017eisek.<\/p>\n

V \u010dasech d\u00e1vn\u00fdch kopali lid\u00e9 do zem\u011b na mnoha m\u00edstech, v\u011bt\u0161ina takov\u00fdch pokus\u016f nebyla ov\u0161em \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 a nem\u011bla dlouh\u00e9ho trv\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 zanechala po sob\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b jen hromadu kamen\u00ed. N\u011bkde, takov\u00e9 hromady pozn\u00e1me podle mnoha mal\u00fdch kamen\u016f s ostr\u00fdmi hranami, na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b m\u00edst v\u0161ak tuto hlu\u0161inu, stejn\u011b jako mal\u00e9 d\u016fln\u00ed j\u00e1my, brzy p\u0159ekrylo kamen\u00ed z pol\u00ed. V po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch kolonizace ponechali lid\u00e9 v\u017edy n\u011bkolik strom\u016f na hranic\u00edch pozemk\u016f, kv\u016fli jejich vymezen\u00ed. Mezi kmeny se pak zvolna za\u010daly zdvihat kamenn\u00e9 snosy a dal\u0161\u00ed d\u0159eviny tu za\u010daly r\u016fst ji\u017e p\u0159irozen\u011b, bez lidsk\u00fdch z\u00e1sah\u016f. Pl\u00e1novit\u00e9 vysazov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159evin k odd\u011blen\u00ed soused\u00edc\u00edch ploch, kter\u00e9 bylo typick\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v Bavorsku, nen\u00ed na \u0160umav\u011b dolo\u017eeno.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 dnes lid\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b sb\u00edraj\u00ed kameny z pol\u00ed a ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed je do snos\u016f, ov\u0161em v daleko men\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch hor, tedy v m\u00edstech, kde jsou kamenn\u00e9 snosy nejmohutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se od 19.stolet\u00ed mnoho pol\u00ed prom\u011bnilo v louky, pastviny a zarostlo n\u00e1letem d\u0159evin. Neoran\u00e1 p\u016fda d\u00e1le nevyd\u00e1vala kamen\u00ed a r\u016fst snos\u016f se zastavil. Snosy byly po stalet\u00ed z\u00e1sob\u00e1rnou d\u0159eva pro kachlov\u00e1 i kuchy\u0148sk\u00e1 kamna m\u00edstn\u00edch lid\u00ed. Interval mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi pro\u0159ez\u00e1vkami se li\u0161il podle rychlosti p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstku, velikosti spot\u0159eby a tak\u00e9 podle vzd\u00e1lenosti od vesnice.<\/p>\n

D\u0159eviny se usek\u00e1valy nebo \u0159ezaly t\u011bsn\u011b nad zem\u00ed, proto se zde da\u0159ilo ke\u0159\u016fm a strom\u016fm, kter\u00e9 snadno vyr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed v\u00fdmladky (je\u0159\u00e1b, javor klen, jasan a osika). Z\u00edskan\u00e9 d\u0159evo pou\u017e\u00edvali lid\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na topen\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 k jin\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm (prout\u00ed pro ko\u0161\u00edk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kulatina, ty\u010dovina). Kdysi se z\u0159ejm\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvalo i jako stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l. Aby se co nejrychleji dos\u00e1hlo \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky kmen\u016f, u\u0159ez\u00e1valy se z pa\u0159ez\u016f ji\u017e po n\u011bkolika letech vyra\u0161iv\u0161\u00ed pruty a ponech\u00e1no bylo jen n\u011bkolik nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdhonk\u016f. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v \u010dasech hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 nouze \u010dasto nesta\u010dilo dor\u016fst tolik d\u0159eva, kolik by bylo pot\u0159eba. To n\u011bkdy vedlo i k sousedsk\u00fdm konflikt\u016fm \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161ina kamenn\u00fdch snos\u016f m\u011bla p\u0159ece dva majitele.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Lidov\u00e1 architektura a drobn\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  U\u017e <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":342043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/06\/ram-snosy.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174893"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=174893"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174893\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":342042,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174893\/revisions\/342042"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/342043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=174893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=174893"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=174893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}