{"id":174194,"date":"2020-10-14T07:59:13","date_gmt":"2020-10-14T06:59:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=174194"},"modified":"2020-10-14T07:59:13","modified_gmt":"2020-10-14T06:59:13","slug":"stara-sumava-havelske-cisarske-posviceni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=174194","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Havelsk\u00e9 (c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9) posv\u00edcen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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POSV\u00cdCEN\u00cd<\/h6>\n
U\u017e m\u00e1me posv\u00edcen\u00ed, za dve\u0159mi v s\u00edni.<\/em>
\n Jdeme pro \u0159ezn\u00edka, a\u0165 bije svini.<\/em>
\n Voda se va\u0159\u00ed, z m\u011bd\u011bnce sk\u00e1\u010de<\/em>
\n a zejtra zas budeme d\u011blat kol\u00e1\u010de.<\/em>
\n A co jich nape\u010dem, to po dvou pec\u00edch,<\/em>
\n ty je pak roznese\u0161, Va\u0161ku po strejc\u00edch.<\/em>
\n Kdy\u017e p\u0159ijde\u0161 do domu, dej pozdraven\u00ed:<\/em>
\n \u017ee je zvem oba dva na posv\u00edcen\u00ed.<\/em><\/h6>\n

(Plicka, K., Svolinsk\u00fd, K., Volf, F. 1954)<\/p>\n

\nZ nejrozli\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch dn\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou \u0160umav\u011b pr\u016fb\u011bhem roku slaveny, dosahuje bezesporu obzvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho lesku slavnost posv\u00edcen\u00ed. Toho dne, jen\u017e p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed posv\u00edcensk\u00e9 ned\u011bli k v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed posv\u011bcen\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edho kostela (podzimn\u00ed posv\u00edcen\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 jako oslava ukon\u010den\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch prac\u00ed), zmoc\u0148uje se ka\u017ed\u00e9 hospodyn\u011b cosi jako ukl\u00edzec\u00ed m\u00e1nie.<\/h6>\n

U\u017e od \u010dasn\u00e9ho r\u00e1na je ulo\u017eena ka\u017ed\u00e9 z pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch sil, co je jich v cel\u00e9m dom\u011b k m\u00e1n\u00ed, jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a \u00fakol, maj\u00edc\u00ed za c\u00edl v kone\u010dn\u00e9m \u00fahrnu maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fapravnost v\u0161ech v\u011bc\u00ed kolem, kr\u00e1su v\u0161ech kout\u016f staven\u00ed jako vrchol v\u0161eho toho sdru\u017een\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed. Tu se \u010dele\u010f sna\u017e\u00ed uv\u00e9st k \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u010distot\u011b stodoly i st\u00e1je, tam se \u017eensk\u00e1 ruka nam\u00e1h\u00e1 o v\u00fdsostn\u00fd svit a t\u0159pyt oken i kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1dob\u00ed, o to, aby i podlaha v\u0161ude z\u00e1\u0159ila jako zrcadlo.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco ve v\u0161ech uveden\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech jde o vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dojem pro oko, hospodyn\u011b sama se to\u010d\u00ed kolem kamen, aby se doslova v potu sv\u00e9 ustaran\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159e a s nasazen\u00edm ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho sv\u00e9ho kucha\u0159sk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i\u010dinila o t\u011blesn\u00e9 blaho v\u0161ech. Ten, kdo um\u00ed ur\u010dit podle pouh\u00e9ho pachu v\u0161ecky ty druhy lib\u00fdch krm\u00ed, nepot\u0159ebuje indiskr\u00e9tn\u011b snad nahl\u00ed\u017eet do kuchyn\u011b, pon\u011bvad\u017e je hned p\u0159i samotn\u00e9m vstupu do staven\u00ed om\u00e1men vz\u00e1cnou v\u016fn\u00ed \u010derstv\u011b nape\u010den\u00e9 hromady posv\u00edcensk\u00fdch koblih \u010di zlatav\u011b z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00edho posv\u00edcensk\u00e9ho pletence. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 “n\u00f3bl” selka m\u016f\u017ee nakonec pokusit \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed i na b\u00e1bovce \u010di d\u00e1t \u017eivot \u0159ad\u011b jin\u00fdch sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch pamlsk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Posv\u00edcen\u00ed v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch pr\u00fd b\u00fdvala slavena u\u017e od dob P\u0159emyslovc\u016f. Doba kon\u00e1n\u00ed a posv\u00edcensk\u00e9 zvyky se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stolet\u00ed ust\u00e1lily a m\u011bnily jen nepatrn\u011b. Do oslav posv\u00edcen\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b zas\u00e1hl a\u017e v 18. stolet\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159 Josef II. Neu\u010dinil to z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho chvilkov\u00e9ho vlada\u0159sk\u00e9ho rozmaru, nebo jen kv\u016fli poklesu pracovn\u00ed mor\u00e1lky po posv\u00edcen\u00ed (robota kon\u010dila na sv. Havla), ale v z\u00e1jmu selsk\u00e9ho lidu. Posv\u00edcen\u00ed se p\u016fvodn\u011b slavilo ve v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed den posv\u011bcen\u00ed kostela. Slavilo se i ve m\u011bstech, ale na vesnic\u00edch vrchnost oslavu p\u0159ipom\u00ednala zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u016fkladn\u011b. Ke ka\u017ed\u00e9 slavnosti pat\u0159\u00ed host\u00e9 a dobr\u00e9 j\u00eddlo a pit\u00ed. Aby se p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed a zn\u00e1m\u00ed mohli nav\u0161t\u00edvit, konalo se posv\u00edcen\u00ed ka\u017edou ned\u011bli v jin\u00e9 vsi.<\/p>\n

Posv\u00edcen\u00ed bylo p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 cel\u00fd t\u00fdden. Ukl\u00edzelo se, mlelo ve ml\u00fdn\u011b obil\u00ed, aby byla \u010derstv\u00e1 mouka, va\u0159ilo, peklo, zvali host\u00e9, kupovalo pivo v pivovaru. C\u00edsa\u0159 Josef II.si um\u011bl zaji\u0161\u0165ovat sympatie prost\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Ji\u017e za sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota z\u00edskal velkou popularitu u \u010desk\u00e9ho lidu. Vzniklo o n\u011bm mnoho legend, b\u00e1sn\u00ed i p\u00edsn\u00ed a jeho z\u00e1sluhou jm\u00e9no Josef je dodnes nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm k\u0159estn\u00edm jm\u00e9nem. Do u\u010debnic se zapsal hlavn\u011b zru\u0161en\u00edm nevolnictv\u00ed venkovsk\u00e9ho lidu v roce 1781. Ne v\u0161echny reformy c\u00edsa\u0159e Josefa II. byly ku prosp\u011bchu zem\u00edm \u010desk\u00fdm. Josefov\u00fdm ide\u00e1lem byla jednotn\u00e1 centralizovan\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, proto zavedl n\u011bm\u010dinu jako jednotn\u00fd vyu\u010dovac\u00ed a \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed jazyk. D\u00e1le Josef II. zru\u0161il kl\u00e1\u0161tery, o kter\u00fdch nebyl p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee jako centra vzd\u011blanosti maj\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady plnit po\u017eadavky st\u00e1tu, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b nov\u00e9 kl\u00e1\u0161tery a biskupstv\u00ed zalo\u017eil.<\/p>\n

Mimo zru\u0161en\u00ed nevolnictv\u00ed Josef II. ulevil venkovu od dal\u0161\u00edho b\u0159emene, j\u00edm\u017e bylo ho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nezvan\u00fdch host\u016f p\u0159i posv\u00edcen\u00ed. O posv\u00edcen\u00ed byl poho\u0161t\u011bn ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo p\u0159i\u0161el do domu. Muselo se dodr\u017eovat po\u0159ekadlo \u201eHost do domu, B\u016fh do domu.\u201c Pozv\u00e1ni byli p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, far\u00e1\u0159, kantor, kosteln\u00edk. P\u0159ich\u00e1zeli na hostinu i \u0159emesln\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed pro sedl\u00e1ky pracovali. Na posv\u00edcen\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li nejen pozvan\u00ed host\u00e9, ale posv\u00edcen\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvali nejen r\u016fzn\u00ed potuln\u00ed vandr\u00e1ci, tul\u00e1ci, \u017eebr\u00e1ci, komedianti, opilci, pobudov\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 pan\u0161t\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci, holomci a slu\u017eebnictvo ze z\u00e1mk\u016f. Tak\u017ee ke vsi, kde se pr\u00e1v\u011b konalo posv\u00edcen\u00ed, v ned\u011bli p\u0159ed polednem n\u011bkdy t\u00e1hlo cel\u00e9 proces\u00ed hladov\u00fdch krk\u016f a mlsn\u00fdch jazyk\u016f. Nejdrzej\u0161\u00ed byli ti ze z\u00e1mku. Rozb\u011bhli se po vsi, vpadli do kuchyn\u00ed a ne\u010dekali, a\u017e jim j\u00eddlo bude nab\u00eddnuto nebo bude na stole, ale rovnou zam\u00ed\u0159ili k pek\u00e1\u010di a vyb\u00edrali nejlep\u0161\u00ed kusy pe\u010den\u011b a cpali kol\u00e1\u010de do kapes. A pokra\u010dovali do dal\u0161\u00edho staven\u00ed.<\/p>\n

O posv\u00edcen\u00ed se dve\u0159e u sedl\u00e1k\u016f \u201enetrhly\u201c. P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed ned\u011bli ti sam\u00ed nezvan\u00ed host\u00e9 ob\u0161\u0165astnili svou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvou zas jinou ves. Takov\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed st\u00e1lo spoustu mouky, telat, hus, ku\u0159at, tuku, ovoce, zeleniny, medu, d\u0159eva na topen\u00ed a jin\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed, tak\u017ee to sedl\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed jinak po v\u011bt\u0161inu roku se stravovali skromn\u011b a \u0161et\u0159ili na posv\u00edcen\u00ed, p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011blo na mizinu. O tomto ne\u0161varu, kter\u00fd se za\u010dal \u0161\u00ed\u0159it po v\u0161ech kraj\u00edch, se dozv\u011bd\u011bl i c\u00edsa\u0159 Josef II. a rozhodl se v roce 1786 zas\u00e1hnout. Ud\u011blal to velmi chyt\u0159e. Zak\u00e1zal r\u016fzn\u00e9 term\u00edny posv\u00edcen\u00ed, stanovil pro celou monarchii jedin\u00fd term\u00edn posv\u00edcen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dostalo n\u00e1zev \u201eC\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed\u201c. Pro kon\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto posv\u00edcen\u00ed ur\u010dil t\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00edjnovou ned\u011bli. T\u00edm rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161til bandy vyj\u00edda\u010d\u016f vesnic, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edt\u00edm si z posv\u00edcen\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ud\u011blali zp\u016fsob ob\u017eivy.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee se \u201eC\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed\u201c konalo po sv\u00e1tku sv. Havla, \u0159\u00edkalo se mu tak\u00e9 \u201eHavelsk\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed.\u201c Pozd\u011bji, po zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed a \u00fapln\u00e9m zru\u0161en\u00ed robotn\u00edch povinnost\u00ed se vesnice vracely k p\u016fvodn\u00edm term\u00edn\u016fm posv\u00edcen\u00ed, ale hodn\u011b m\u011bst a vesnic t\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00edjnovou ned\u011bli slav\u00ed \u201eC\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed.\u201c B\u00fdvaly vesnice v bohat\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edch, kde se slavila ob\u011b posv\u00edcen\u00ed; to p\u016fvodn\u00ed i to podle c\u00edsa\u0159e Josefa II. Komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim c\u00edrkevn\u00ed slavnosti nevid\u011bl r\u00e1d, a tak posv\u00edcen\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zmizelo z podv\u011bdom\u00ed obyvatelstva, v sou\u010dasnosti se sice na mnoha m\u00edstech slav\u00ed, ale jedn\u00e1 se v\u00edce o komer\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost ve m\u011bstech a v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vesnic\u00edch ne\u017e o c\u00edrkevn\u00ed a rodinnou slavnost.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: Rozhledy 010<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  POSV\u00cdCEN\u00cd <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":205571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/14\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-star\u00e1-\u0161umava.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174194"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=174194"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174194\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":205572,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174194\/revisions\/205572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/205571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=174194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=174194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=174194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}