{"id":173473,"date":"2022-10-22T18:22:09","date_gmt":"2022-10-22T17:22:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=173473"},"modified":"2022-10-22T18:22:09","modified_gmt":"2022-10-22T17:22:09","slug":"stara-sumava-o-toulave-tezbe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=173473","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O toulav\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eb\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Jednotliv\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br strom\u016f (toulav\u00fd zp\u016fsob t\u011b\u017eby) je les\u016fm nanejv\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kodliv\u00fd. Hol\u00e1 m\u00edsta po sk\u00e1cen\u00fdch stromech zar\u016fstaj\u00ed ml\u00e1z\u00edm, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edch t\u011b\u017eb\u00e1ch b\u00fdv\u00e1 ni\u010deno p\u0159ibli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm. V\u00edtr m\u016f\u017ee vznikaj\u00edc\u00edmi mezerami pronikat doprost\u0159ed zapojen\u00fdch lesn\u00edch parti\u00ed a rozvracet je. Proto je mnohem lep\u0161\u00ed holose\u010dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob t\u011b\u017eby, kter\u00fd je obvykl\u00fd u v\u011bt\u0161iny c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch les\u016f.<\/h6>\n

V origin\u00e1le autorem jen citovan\u00e9 instrukce z po\u010d\u00e1tku 17. stolet\u00ed zn\u00ed daleko rozvl\u00e1\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bta t\u00e9ho\u017e v\u00fdznamu jako p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i v\u011bty modern\u00edho \u010desk\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu takto: “V on\u011bch les\u00edch, kde tu a tam kde dva \u010di t\u0159i stromy spolu stoj\u00ed, porazit jeden nebo dva a ostatn\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nechat st\u00e1t, je nanejv\u00fd\u0161 \u0161kodliv\u00e9, nebo\u0165 po stromech, kter\u00e9 chyb\u00ed, roste vkr\u00e1tku ml\u00e1z\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pot\u00e9, co jsou por\u00e1\u017eeny dal\u0161\u00ed stromy, ni\u010deno ranami a drceno, d\u011bl\u00e1 m\u00edsto mnoha pronikaj\u00edc\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00fdm v\u011btr\u016fm, n\u00e1sledkem \u010deho\u017e je les postupn\u011b \u00fapln\u011b cel\u00fd veden ke zk\u00e1ze, pro\u010de\u017e je nejlep\u0161\u00ed, tak jako u jin\u00fdch c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch lesn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f vybrat jen jeden les a v tom vyk\u00e1cet pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 a ke k\u00e1cen\u00ed zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 d\u0159evo sm\u00fdtit nar\u00e1z.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Po vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdch p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u00favah o nal\u00e9havosti t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch z\u00e1krok\u016f, o v\u011bkov\u00e9 zralosti strom\u016f a o zp\u016fsobilosti stanovi\u0161t\u011b k n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu zmlazen\u00ed se ka\u017ed\u00e1 vhodn\u00e1 le\u010d sm\u00fdt\u00ed nar\u00e1z. Na pasek\u00e1ch po dubech a buc\u00edch (jedle a smrky tak \u00fazkostlivou p\u00e9\u010di nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed) je pot\u0159ebn\u00e9, aby ka\u017ed\u00fdch 100 krok\u016f byl ponech\u00e1n plodn\u00fd mate\u0159sk\u00fd strom (v\u00fdstavek), dostate\u010dn\u011b tlust\u00fd, ne v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fd, aby tu pt\u00e1ci v rozlo\u017eit\u00e9 korun\u011b hn\u00edzdili a odtud stejn\u011b jako v\u00edtr semena rozn\u00e1\u0161eli a zajistili vznik nov\u00fdch les\u016f a ponechat ka\u017ed\u00fdch sto krok\u016f jeden semen\u00e1\u010d, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 b\u00fdt snad p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fd, av\u0161ak rozlo\u017eit\u00fd, z n\u011bho\u017e v\u00edtr a pt\u00e1ci rozn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed zas a znovu ml\u00e1z\u00edm semena a d\u00e1vaj\u00ed mlad\u00e9mu lesu dobrou podporu. Takov\u00fd zp\u016fsob obnovy pom\u00e1h\u00e1 i myslivosti, je\u017eto v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00fdt\u011b zarostl\u00e9 malin\u00edm a ostru\u017ein\u00edm l\u00e1kaj\u00ed k sob\u011b jak zv\u011b\u0159 \u010dernou a tet\u0159ev\u00ed, tak i zv\u011b\u0159 jelen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se k takov\u00fdm lokalit\u00e1m stahuje a\u017e ze vzd\u00e1lenosti 3-4 mil vedle zv\u011b\u0159e jelen\u00ed a \u010dern\u00e9, vedle jahod a malin je \u0159e\u010d i o houb\u00e1ch a pl\u017e\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Po osmi a\u017e deseti letech, kdy n\u00e1rosty dos\u00e1hnou do prsn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky dosahuje v\u00fd\u0161ky j\u00edlce me\u010de, bude zapot\u0159eb\u00ed v\u00fdstavky vyk\u00e1cet, aby opo\u017ed\u011bnou t\u011b\u017ebou nedoch\u00e1zelo k p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9mu ni\u010den\u00ed mlazin. Za deset a\u017e patn\u00e1ct dal\u0161\u00edch let je nutno vyjmout z mlazin p\u0159edrostl\u00e9 b\u0159\u00edzy a osiky, kter\u00e9 velmi brzy st\u00e1rnou, p\u0159irozen\u011b bez u\u017eitku hynou a po sob\u011b trvale mezernat\u00e9 ty\u010doviny zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve v\u011bku kolem t\u0159iceti let se zapojen\u00e1 ty\u010dovina mus\u00ed prob\u00edrat tak, aby bylo z ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159 a\u017e p\u011bti\u010detn\u00e9 skupiny odebr\u00e1no po jedn\u00e9 kol\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 ty\u010di. C\u00edlen\u011b o\u0161et\u0159ovan\u00e9 a do pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch dimenz\u00ed doveden\u00e9 jedlo-smrkov\u00e9 lesy jsou ve v\u011bku 80 let u\u017e zral\u00e9 a mohou b\u00fdt holose\u010dn\u011b obnovov\u00e1ny Oslun\u011bn\u00e9 nevelk\u00e9 holiny, sp\u00ed\u0161e mezery 20×30 krok\u016f velik\u00e9, vyhovuj\u00ed i obnov\u011b buku v jedlov\u00e9m z\u00e1poji. Dubov\u00e9 a bukov\u00e9 lesy dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve v\u011bku 100 a\u017e 120 let. Na z\u00e1v\u011br budi\u017e na v\u011bdom\u00ed d\u00e1no upozorn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee ml\u00e1z\u00ed jedl\u00ed a smrk\u016f doroste zralosti a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt holose\u010d\u00ed obnovov\u00e1no po \u0161edes\u00e1ti, buky ale v\u017edy po sto a\u017e sto deseti letech.<\/p>\n

Toulavou t\u011b\u017ebou trp\u011bly kvalitn\u00ed listnat\u00e9 d\u0159eviny a jedle, vhodn\u00e9 pro hutn\u00ed pece skl\u00e1ren. Skl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 kolonizace na \u0160umav\u011b odstranila p\u0159irozen\u00fd meliora\u010dn\u00ed vliv buku, klenu a je\u0159\u00e1bu a ochudila druhovou skladbu tehdej\u0161\u00edch prales\u016f o jedli, kter\u00e1 zpev\u0148ovala smr\u010diny. Skl\u00e1rny ov\u0161em nespot\u0159ebov\u00e1valy d\u0159eviny jen na taven\u00ed skla. Pat\u0159ilo k nim i zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 z\u00e1zem\u00ed \u2013 vyklu\u010den\u00fd les jako zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 p\u016fda a travnat\u00e9 plochy zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed dostatek sena pro dobytek na zimu. Od jara do podzimu se dobytek p\u00e1sl v okoln\u00edch lesn\u00edch porostech, sp\u00e1sal n\u00e1let listn\u00e1\u010d\u016f a uvol\u0148oval prostor bu\u0159eni. Skousan\u00e9 smrky zpomalovaly v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd r\u016fst, zdupan\u00e9 hr\u00e1ze byst\u0159in propou\u0161t\u011bly vodu, ko\u0159eny strom\u016f od\u0159en\u00e9 kopyty byly snadno p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 pro d\u0159evokazn\u00e9 houby. Po vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech vhodn\u00fdch d\u0159evin v okol\u00ed (do vzd\u00e1lenosti 1\u20132 km) byla hu\u0165 p\u0159enesena o kus d\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

Po skl\u00e1\u0159\u00edch v\u011bt\u0161inou z\u016fst\u00e1valy zdevastovan\u00e9 a sotvakdy zalesn\u011bn\u00e9 prostory (v letech 1494\u20131874 vzniklo jen na \u0160umav\u011b 88 skl\u00e1ren). K p\u0159evratn\u00e9mu z\u00e1sahu do d\u0159evinn\u00e9 skladby na\u0161ich les\u016f do\u0161lo v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 18. stolet\u00ed. Zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se spot\u0159eba a obecn\u00fd nedostatek d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed p\u0159im\u011bl vlastn\u00edky lesn\u00edch pozemk\u016f zm\u011bnit zp\u016fsob hospoda\u0159en\u00ed. Listnat\u00e9 lesy byly nahrazov\u00e1ny nesm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdmi borov\u00fdmi a smrkov\u00fdmi porosty, kter\u00e9 byly obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1ny holose\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Smrk velmi dob\u0159e rostl a na rozd\u00edl od jedle nebo buku poskytl kvalitn\u00ed d\u0159evo pro stavebn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely v pom\u011brn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b. Do konce osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed neexistovaly d\u0159eviny, kter\u00e9 by nem\u011bly pro \u010dlov\u011bka vyu\u017eit\u00ed. P\u0159i tehdej\u0161\u00ed specializaci se ka\u017ed\u00e1 d\u0159evina uplatnila sv\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, nap\u0159. b\u0159\u00edza pro kol\u00e1\u0159e, javory pro truhl\u00e1\u0159e, dub na sudy a ml\u00fdnsk\u00e1 slo\u017een\u00ed, jedle na \u0161indel a pro stavebn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u0159eviny pak byly k\u00e1ceny toulavou t\u011b\u017ebou.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 “p\u011bstebn\u00ed instrukce”, p\u0159eveden\u00e9 v pr\u00e1v\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 Jel\u00ednkov\u011b pr\u00e1ci do lesnick\u00e9 \u010de\u0161tiny z origin\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd August Saitz za\u0159adil do kapitoly “D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hospoda\u0159en\u00ed”, rozum\u011bj lesn\u00ed ov\u0161em, sv\u00e9 knihy nazvan\u00e9 “Beschreibung der F\u00fcrst Adolf Josef zu Schwarzenberg’schen Domaine Krumau mit besonderer R\u00fccksicht auf deren Forste nebst Beschreibung der Excursionstour des B\u00f6hmischen Forstvereines in obgenannte Forste im Jahre 1898” a vydan\u00e9 v Praze n\u00e1kladem \u010cesk\u00e9 lesnick\u00e9 jednoty (B\u00f6hmischer Forstverein) stejn\u011b jako jej\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 verze pod titulem “Pops\u00e1n\u00ed velkostatku,Krumlova’, pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edho Jeho Jasnosti kn\u00ed\u017eeti Adolfu Josefovi ze Schwarzenberga, se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm z\u0159etelem na jeho lesy, mimo to popis vych\u00e1zky \u010cesk\u00e9 lesnick\u00e9 jednoty do les\u016f svrchu jmenovan\u00fdch v roce 1898. autor p\u0159eklad\u016f a \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f Jan Mare\u0161, Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Jednotliv\u00fd <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":265615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/22\/r\u00e1m-t\u011b\u017eba.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/173473"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=173473"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/173473\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":265614,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/173473\/revisions\/265614"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/265615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=173473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=173473"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=173473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}