{"id":173246,"date":"2022-10-03T21:25:09","date_gmt":"2022-10-03T20:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=173246"},"modified":"2022-10-09T20:51:11","modified_gmt":"2022-10-09T19:51:11","slug":"stara-sumava-pestovani-brambor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=173246","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Brambory a zel\u00ed, \u0161umavsk\u00fd sv\u011bt cel\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u201eKdo nejedl zde brambor, nebyl na \u0160umav\u011b.\u201c<\/em> Tento v\u00edce ne\u017e sto let star\u00fd cit\u00e1t z turistick\u00e9ho pr\u016fvodce je velmi p\u0159esn\u00fd. A je\u0161t\u011b bych p\u0159idal dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed: \u201eBrambory a zel\u00ed, \u0161umavsk\u00fd sv\u011bt cel\u00fd.\u201c <\/em><\/h6>\n

P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed brambor se omezovalo p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na chud\u0161\u00ed podhorsk\u00e9 a horsk\u00e9 kraje \u0160umavy. Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed bylo pro v\u011bt\u0161inu obyvatel zejm\u00e9na vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch horsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e okrajov\u00fdm zdrojem ob\u017eivy. Vysok\u00e1 poloha umo\u017e\u0148ovala pouze omezen\u00e9 p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed brambor a ovsa. Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem ob\u017eivy bylo p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a obchod s dobytkem a ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdmi produkty. Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem byla p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u011b\u017eba d\u0159eva, pr\u00e1ce ve skl\u00e1rn\u00e1ch \u010di dom\u00e1c\u00ed manufakturn\u00ed v\u00fdroba. I p\u0159esto m\u011bli i ti nejchud\u0161\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 \u0160umavy sv\u00e1 pol\u00ed\u010dka.<\/p>\n

Ale po postupn\u00e9m upad\u00e1n\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch manufaktur byli lid\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1ni na zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce a i z m\u00e1lo \u00farodn\u00fdch a kamenit\u00fdch pol\u00ed\u010dek se sna\u017eili vydolovat to, co \u0161lo. Mnohdy skl\u00edzeli svou \u00farodu st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b zastaral\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji ji\u017e pod sn\u011bhem, to kdy\u017e ude\u0159ila zima d\u0159\u00edve a ne\u010dekan\u011b. P\u011bstovalo se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u017eito a oves, d\u00e1le lu\u0161t\u011bniny, len \u010di zel\u00ed, nebo\u0165 tyto plodiny byly schopny sn\u00e1\u0161et i drsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky.<\/p>\n

Dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed brambor na \u0160umav\u011b, kdy\u017e padne sn\u00edh….<\/strong><\/p>\n

Letos daleko d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e jindy p\u0159ikva\u010dila krut\u00e1 zima na n\u011bkter\u00e9 kraje \u010cech \u2014 obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na pohrani\u010dn\u00ed poho\u0159\u00ed, \u0160umavu a Kru\u0161n\u00e9 Hory. Ohromn\u00e9 spousty p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho sn\u011bhu zavalily krajiny ty d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e uboh\u00e9mu horalu poda\u0159ilo se posledn\u00ed chudou \u017ee\u0148 dostati pod bezpe\u010dnou st\u0159echu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nezvykle divn\u00fdm dojmem p\u016fsob\u00ed obr\u00e1zek n\u00e1\u0161 \u2014 dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed brambor\u016f ve sn\u011bhu ; jest to v Kvild\u011b na \u0160umav\u011b nedaleko Prachatic, bl\u00ed\u017ee pramen\u016f Vltavy. M\u00edsto m\u00edrn\u00e9 pohody podzimn\u00ed, vhodn\u00e9 tak k ukon\u010den\u00ed \u017en\u00ed, vid\u00edme tu spoustu sn\u011bhu, j\u00edm\u017e je roln\u00edkovi do zem\u011b se prod\u00edrati, p\u0159i \u010dem\u017e ov\u0161em mnoho \u00farody z\u016fstane v zemi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Obr\u00e1zek n\u00e1\u0161, zaslan\u00fd n\u00e1m p. Jav\u016frkem, c. k. okresn\u00edm lesn\u00edm ve Kvild\u011b, jest o\u010dividn\u00fdm dokladem krut\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f meteorologick\u00fdch na podzim v \u010cech\u00e1ch roce 1905.<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed zdroj historick\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku: Sv\u011btozor 1905, autor neuveden.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci objevili v opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 vsi Sorocota na \u0159ece Magdalena podivn\u00e9 hl\u00edzy. Bylo to na \u00fazem\u00ed kdysi bohat\u00e9ho st\u00e1t\u016f Ink\u016f, v dne\u0161n\u00edm Peru. Domorod\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 zde p\u011bstovali brambory u\u017e dva tis\u00edce let. Evropu bramborov\u00fd pokrok v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a stravov\u00e1n\u00ed teprve \u010dekal, objev brambory byl pr\u016flom.<\/p>\n

V polovin\u011b 16. stolet\u00ed dovezli \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 do Evropy peru\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a bol\u00edvijsk\u00e9 brambory. Kvetly fialov\u011b, m\u011bly \u010derven\u00e9 slupky a rohl\u00ed\u010dkovit\u00fd tvar. Vznikly pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00edm p\u016fvodn\u00edch rostlin, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly sv\u016fj domov kolem 15. rovnob\u011b\u017eky v nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch 1500 a\u017e 4000 metr\u016f. Rostly v chud\u00fdch a kysel\u00fdch p\u016fd\u00e1ch, sn\u00e1\u0161ely zna\u010dn\u00e9 teplotn\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy mezi dnem a noc\u00ed, prosp\u00edvaly jim pravideln\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky a pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e1 vzdu\u0161n\u00e1 vlhkost. Evropan\u00e9 je zpo\u010d\u00e1tku p\u011bstovali jako okrasnou bylinu s l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n

Koncem 16. stolet\u00ed dovezli Angli\u010dan\u00e9 do Evropy chilsk\u00e9 brambory. Z\u00edskaly je sice na \u00fazem\u00ed obklopuj\u00edc\u00ed 40. rovnob\u011b\u017eku, ale byly to z\u0159ejm\u011b k\u0159\u00ed\u017eenci nebo mutanti p\u016fvodn\u00edch peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdch brambor, kter\u00e9 sem Inkov\u00e9 zavlekli a se kter\u00fdmi zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 klima a dlouholet\u00e9 p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u011blalo sv\u00e9. Tato kulturn\u00ed plodina kvetla b\u00edle, m\u011bla sv\u011btlou slupku, kulat\u00fd tvar a m\u016f\u017eeme ji sm\u011ble pova\u017eovat za p\u0159edch\u016fdce evropsk\u00fdch brambor.<\/p>\n

Historie, kter\u00e1 u jin\u00fdch dovezen\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch plodin nem\u00e1 obdoby, se opakovala i v \u010cech\u00e1ch. Je\u0161t\u011b roku 1596 nem\u00e1 \u010desk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdec a osobn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 Rudolfa II. Tade\u00e1\u0161 H\u00e1jek z H\u00e1jku o brambor\u00e1ch ani potuchy. Do \u010cech je pr\u00fd z N\u011bmecka p\u0159ivezl v roce 1628 l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edk Ji\u0159\u00ed Agricola z J\u00e1chymova a p\u0159edkl\u00e1dal je na hostin\u011b po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 hejtmanem Jind\u0159ichem z K\u00f6nneritz na oslavu opevn\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bsta J\u00e1chymova. V roce 1632 se pr\u00fd pod pochoutkami z brambor proh\u00fdb\u00e1 st\u016fl jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho velmo\u017ee Vil\u00e9ma Slavaty. Proslaven\u00e1 p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm brambor byla i zahrada irsk\u00fdch franti\u0161k\u00e1n\u016f, tzv. hiber\u0148\u00e1k\u016f (Irsko se latinsky naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Hibernia), kte\u0159\u00ed v letech 1652-59 zalo\u017eili kl\u00e1\u0161ter na pra\u017esk\u00e9m Nov\u00e9m M\u011bst\u011b v nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Hybernsk\u00e9 ulici. Z tohoto obdob\u00ed poch\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed brambor \u201ezemsk\u00e9 jablko\u201c. Tedy sp\u00ed\u0161e \u201ezemn\u00ed\u201c, co\u017e je doslovn\u00fd p\u0159eklad francouzsk\u00e9ho pomme de terre.<\/p>\n

Marie Terezie a Josef II. se podobn\u011b jako v N\u011bmecku sna\u017eili p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit poddan\u00e9 v \u010cech\u00e1ch o vhodnosti p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed brambor, ale s mal\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem. A\u017e nouze donutila \u010cechy j\u00edst brambory. Nejl\u00e9pe to dokumentuje z\u00e1pis z kroniky obce \u010cakovice (obec le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed nedaleko Brand\u00fdsa nad Labem), kde se mimo jin\u00e9 p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eVelk\u00e1 b\u00edda byla v \u010cech\u00e1ch v roce 1770. Mrazy trvaly a\u017e do Velikonoc. Ptactvo zmo\u0159en\u00e9 zimou a hladem l\u00e9talo do staven\u00ed. Ozimy vymrzly. Na ja\u0159e se nedalo s\u00edti, pole byla podm\u00e1\u010dena, n\u011bkde vyr\u00e1\u017eely prameny. Dobytek padal hlady, lid\u00e9 jedli otruby, lebedu i maso chc\u00edpl\u00e9ho dobytka. \u0158\u00e1dily nemoci, mnoho lid\u00ed ve vsi zem\u0159elo. Od t\u00e9 doby se za\u010daly p\u011bstovat brambory. D\u0159\u00edve se zde mimo obil\u00ed p\u011bstoval hr\u00e1ch, proso i \u010do\u010dka. Na\u0161i otcov\u00e9 odm\u00edtali brambory s\u00e1zet, proto\u017ee jim to vrchnost na\u0159izovala.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Tehdy, v letech 1770 a\u017e 1773, dala Marie Terezie dov\u00e9zt zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed brambor z Pruska. Podle jm\u00e9na t\u00e9to zem\u011b a jej\u00edch obyvatel – Branibor\u016f – jim lid\u00e9 za\u010dali \u0159\u00edkat \u201ebrambury\u201c a odtud vznikl dne\u0161n\u00ed n\u00e1zev brambory. Marie Terezie zvolila vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby je lid za\u010dal p\u011bstovat (nav\u00edc j\u00ed k tomu dopomohla i velk\u00e1 ne\u00faroda a hlad v zemi). Rozeslala po zemi kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli za \u00fakol p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit lid o u\u017eite\u010dnosti brambor (mezi lidem se jim \u0159\u00edkalo \u201ebramborov\u00ed kazatel\u00e9\u201c). T\u00edm se v \u010cech\u00e1ch od 70. let 18. stolet\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed p\u011bstovat brambory ve velk\u00e9m a v m\u00edstn\u00edch kronik\u00e1ch se o nich p\u00ed\u0161e pochvaln\u011b.<\/p>\n

Dv\u011b zpr\u00e1vy za v\u0161echny. Mil\u010dick\u00fd rycht\u00e1\u0159 Vav\u00e1k z roku 1771: \u201eTen pokrm, dar bo\u017e\u00ed, jen\u017e zemsk\u00e1 jabka slove, a\u010dkoliv dobr\u00fd, chutn\u00fd a zdrav\u00fd, prve ve velik\u00e9 o\u0161klivosti mnoz\u00ed jej zde m\u011bli a sm\u00edch sob\u011b z n\u011bho \u010dinili, ba v \u00fasta sv\u00e1 jej vz\u00edti necht\u011bli, prav\u00edce, \u017ee jest svinsk\u00e1 strava.\u201c<\/em> Vltavot\u00fdnsk\u00fd m\u011b\u0161\u0165an Jan Braum v Pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed o brambor\u00e1ch pro c. k. vlastenecko-hospod\u00e1\u0159skou spole\u010dnost v Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9m, 1770 p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eJestli\u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 brambory, nepot\u0159ebuje chleba, je bezpe\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ed jak\u00fdmkoliv hladem. Z t\u00e9to plodiny se m\u016f\u017eou p\u0159ipravovat i nejchutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pol\u00e9vky, nemluv\u011b u\u017e ani o dobr\u00e9 p\u00e1lence, p\u011bkn\u00e9m \u0161krobu a jemn\u00e9m pudru na vlasy.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj<\/strong>: Historie zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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