{"id":173066,"date":"2020-10-19T06:59:56","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T05:59:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=173066"},"modified":"2020-10-19T06:59:56","modified_gmt":"2020-10-19T05:59:56","slug":"stara-sumava-paberkovani-zbyle-urody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=173066","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Pab\u011brkov\u00e1n\u00ed zbyl\u00e9 \u00farody"},"content":{"rendered":"

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P\u016fvodn\u00edm smyslem pab\u011brkov\u00e1n\u00ed v biblick\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch bylo poskytnout alespo\u0148 n\u011bjak\u00fd zdroj ob\u017eivy chud\u00fdm a star\u00fdm lidem nebo sirotk\u016fm, o kter\u00e9 se nem\u011bl kdo postarat. V dob\u011b, kdy neexistovalo soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, bylo svatou povinnost\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blce ponechat na poli zlomek \u00farody. Tyto zbytky plodin, zejm\u00e9na obil\u00ed nebo v\u00edna, si mohl sesb\u00edrat kdokoli, kdo p\u0159i\u0161el. \u010clov\u011bk z\u00edskal potravu vlastn\u00edm p\u0159i\u010din\u011bn\u00edm, i kdy\u017e z ciz\u00edho.<\/h6>\n

Majitel\u00e9 pol\u00ed sv\u00e1 pole neskl\u00edzeli a\u017e ke kraji. Na kraji m\u011blo z\u016fstat trochu obil\u00ed nepose\u010den\u00e9ho pro chud\u00e9 lidi, aby i ti na\u0161li n\u011bco k j\u00eddlu. Krom\u011b toho mohli chud\u00ed lid\u00e9 j\u00edt za \u017eenci a sb\u00edrat to, co spadlo na zem. Nebylo toho mnoho, kdy\u017e si p\u0159edstav\u00edte, kolik klas\u016f a zrn\u00ed bychom pot\u0159ebovali na jeden bochn\u00edk chleba. Tuhle \u010dinnost prov\u00e1d\u011bli na\u0161i p\u0159edci u\u017e od prvopo\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed – mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomenete na to, \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kn\u00ed\u017ek\u00e1ch z \u010desk\u00e9ho venkova byly d\u011bti pos\u00edl\u00e1ny sb\u00edrat na pole klasy, kter\u00e9 tam zbyly po sklizni, \u017ee sb\u00edraly padav\u010data v sadech…<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 byli tenkr\u00e1t vd\u011b\u010dn\u00ed, kdy\u017e m\u011bli co j\u00edst. Jakmile byla mo\u017enost si p\u0159ilep\u0161it, nikdo nev\u00e1hal. Sb\u00edraly se t\u0159eba kl\u00e1sky pro slepice, nebo kdy\u017e se vl\u00e1\u010dely brambory, tak lid\u00e9 chodili s motykami a dokop\u00e1vali, co zbylo. Kdy\u017e byly n\u011bkter\u00e9 brambory u\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zni\u010den\u00e9, uva\u0159ily se prasat\u016fm. Nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 sedl\u00e1k\u016fm br\u00e1t \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 odm\u011bny od pab\u011brk\u00e1\u0159\u016f za to, \u017ee mohou sb\u00edrat zbytky po jejich sklizni. Byla tak\u00e9 zak\u00e1z\u00e1na jak\u00e1koliv diskriminace chud\u00fdch nebo jejich pla\u0161en\u00ed \u010di vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed z pol\u00ed a u\u017e v\u016fbec ne za pomoci ps\u016f.<\/p>\n

Sedl\u00e1ci m\u011bli vysloven\u011b povinnost neskl\u00edzet ve\u0161kerou \u00farodu, ale \u010d\u00e1st z n\u00ed ponechat na poli a poskytnout ji po sklizn\u00edch pab\u011brk\u00e1\u0159\u016fm. Zbytky, kter\u00e9 z\u016fstaly na poli, si mohl p\u0159ivlastnit kdokoliv z pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch \u2013 vdovy, sirotci nebo bezdomovci. Ale tak\u00e9 byly stanoveny n\u011bkter\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro samotn\u00e9 pab\u011brk\u00e1\u0159e. Ti nesm\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edvat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, jako nap\u0159. srpy nebo shroma\u017e\u010fovat nalezen\u00e9 zbytky \u00farody do velk\u00fdch n\u00e1dob. Pab\u011brkov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo krokem, jak alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b omezit \u017eebr\u00e1n\u00ed na ulic\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed trp\u011bli nedostatkem ob\u017eivy, dostali zp\u016fsob, jak z\u00edskat j\u00eddlo svoj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed prac\u00ed, sice z ciz\u00edch zdroj\u016f, ale rozhodn\u011b d\u016fstojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou, kter\u00e1 zbytek obyvatelstva neobt\u011b\u017eovala takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eebr\u00e1n\u00ed. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed pab\u011brkov\u00e1n\u00ed trvalo cel\u00fd den, od sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed do soumraku: \u201eByla to n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, ale nutn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce. Za v\u00e1lky lid\u00e9 hladov\u011bli a z obil\u00ed se d\u011blala mouka na chl\u00e9b. Do pl\u00e1t\u011bn\u00fdch ta\u0161ek nebo z\u00e1st\u011br se sb\u00edralo na poli v\u0161e, aby nic nep\u0159i\u0161lo nazmar. Ve\u010der jsme byly v\u0161echny \u00fapln\u011b vy\u010derpan\u00e9 a po\u0161t\u00edpan\u00e9 od kom\u00e1r\u016f. M\u011bly jsme to ale r\u00e1dy, po pern\u00e9m dni jsme si alespo\u0148 mohly d\u00e1t spole\u010dn\u011b pol\u00e9vku a popov\u00eddat si.<\/p>\n

Pab\u011brk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, pova\u017eovan\u00e9 v minulosti za p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u017eenskou a d\u011btskou \u010dinnost, dnes ji\u017e v podstat\u011b neexistuje a m\u00edsto n\u011bj se objevuj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby sb\u011bra\u010dstv\u00ed, jejich\u017e podoba se m\u011bn\u00ed tak, jak se m\u011bn\u00ed charakter na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Prost\u0159ed\u00ed pab\u011brk\u00e1\u0159\u016f se zkr\u00e1tka zm\u011bnilo. Pab\u011brk\u00e1\u0159i ji\u017e nesb\u00edraj\u00ed na pol\u00edch zbyl\u00e9 kl\u00e1sky obil\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jim tam zem\u011bd\u011blci ponechali. Plodiny se k nim dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed jin\u00fdmi cestami. Vad\u00ed v\u00e1m dvouocas\u00e1 mrkev? Ur\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00e1s brambora o pr\u016fm\u011bru v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e \u0161est centimetr\u016f? Kup\u0159\u00edkladu ve\u0161ker\u00e9 vyp\u011bstovan\u00e9 brambory se mus\u00ed vyt\u0159\u00eddit. V\u0161echny jinak velk\u00e9 ne\u017e jsou stanoven\u00e9 hodnoty, zelen\u00e9, tvrd\u00e9 nebo jinak poni\u010den\u00e9 brambory jsou neprodejn\u00e9, a proto\u017ee se vyhazuj\u00ed zp\u00e1tky na pole, pab\u011brkov\u00e1n\u00ed se jakoby znovuobjevuje. Vad\u00ed v\u00e1m, kdy\u017e m\u00e1 kv\u011bt\u00e1k 13 a nikoliv obvykl\u00fdch 15 centimetr\u016f? \u017de ne? Asi jste \u00fapln\u011b norm\u00e1ln\u00ed. Na druhou stranu se vymyk\u00e1te p\u0159edstav\u011b tuzemsk\u00fdch supermarket\u016f. Ty cht\u011bj\u00ed zeleninu i ovoce v v p\u0159esn\u00e9 velikosti. A kdy\u017e nen\u00ed, od sedl\u00e1k\u016f si ji ani nevezmou. Zem\u011bd\u011blci pak k\u0159ivou \u010di hubenou zeleninu rad\u011bji zaoraj\u00ed nebo daj\u00ed na kompost.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Historie zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/em><\/p>\n

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