{"id":172598,"date":"2022-09-25T20:30:30","date_gmt":"2022-09-25T19:30:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=172598"},"modified":"2022-09-25T20:30:30","modified_gmt":"2022-09-25T19:30:30","slug":"stara-sumava-svaty-vaclav-v-lidove-tradici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=172598","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Svat\u00fd V\u00e1clav v lidov\u00e9 tradici"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Svat\u00fd V\u00e1clave, v\u00e9vodo \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b, kn\u00ed\u017ee n\u00e1\u0161,<\/em>
\n pros za n\u00e1s Boha, svat\u00e9ho Ducha, Kriste eleison.<\/em>
\n Ty jsi d\u011bdic \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b, rozpome\u0148 se na sv\u00e9 pl\u00e9m\u011b.<\/em>
\n Nedej zahynouti n\u00e1m ni budouc\u00edm, svat\u00fd V\u00e1clave, Kriste eleison.<\/em>
\n Pomoci my tv\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1me, smiluj se nad n\u00e1mi, ut\u011b\u0161 smutn\u00e9,<\/em>
\n za\u017ee\u0148 v\u0161e zl\u00e9, svat\u00fd V\u00e1clave, Kriste eleison.<\/em><\/p>\n

(Svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00fd chor\u00e1l, z\u0159ejm\u011b 12.stol.)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u0165 byl kn\u00ed\u017ee V\u00e1clav jak\u00fdkoliv panovn\u00edk, zrodila se po jeho smrti legenda. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kter\u00e9ho se chopila c\u00edrkev i moc sv\u011btsk\u00e1, dostal a\u017e zbo\u017enou podobu a ten, kter\u00fd byl panovn\u00edkem, se stal sv\u011btcem – trpitelem. Symbolem \u010desk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, ikonou v dob\u00e1ch temn\u00fdch. V tom je cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh naprosto jedine\u010dn\u00fd.<\/h6>\n

Kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 je historie se sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, nemysl\u00edte? U\u017e jen to mno\u017estv\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch osud\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m tak pov\u011bdom\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, jsou obdivuhodn\u00e9. Od druh\u00e9 poloviny 11. stolet\u00ed je svat\u00fd V\u00e1clav pova\u017eov\u00e1n za patrona \u010cesk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Zosob\u0148oval p\u0159emyslovskou panovnickou tradici, jeho obraz byl po dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch pe\u010det\u00ed. Byla mu rovn\u011b\u017e zasv\u011bcena koruna \u010desk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f a po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed odch\u00e1zeli voj\u00e1ci do boj\u016f a v\u00e1lek s jistotou, \u017ee je svat\u00fd V\u00e1clav s nimi. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed se V\u00e1clav stal symbolem zemsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, stejn\u011b jako prost\u00e9ho lidu. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za n\u00e1rodn\u00edho sv\u011btce, kter\u00fd v t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch chv\u00edl\u00edch posiluje n\u00e1rodn\u00ed c\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava uct\u00edvala d\u0159\u00edve cel\u00e1 zem\u011b. V tento den se konaly slavnostn\u00ed m\u0161e, lidov\u00e9 veselice, po\u0159\u00e1daly se pout\u011b a na mnoha m\u00edstech prob\u00edhalo posv\u00edcensk\u00e9 vesel\u00ed \u010di hody. N\u011bkter\u00e9 slavnosti byly spojeny tak\u00e9 s v\u00ednem, nebo\u0165 svat\u00fd V\u00e1clav byl zhruba od 14. stolet\u00ed pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n za patrona vina\u0159\u016f. (Stalo se tak z\u0159ejm\u011b proto, \u017ee okolo data jeho mu\u010dednick\u00e9 smrti dozr\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edno.) To, \u017ee se V\u00e1clav za sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota p\u011bst\u011bn\u00edm r\u00e9vy zab\u00fdval, je dolo\u017eeno z historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f. Svat\u00e1 Ludmila, babi\u010dka V\u00e1clava, pou\u017eila poprv\u00e9 v\u00edno v \u010cech\u00e1ch k n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm a p\u0159\u00e1la dal\u0161\u00edmu rozvoji vina\u0159stv\u00ed. Dala zalo\u017eit jednu z prvn\u00edch vinic nedaleko sv\u00e9ho rodi\u0161t\u011b P\u0161ova v Nedomic\u00edch u M\u011bln\u00edka. A na t\u00e9to vinici se m\u011bl zau\u010dovat taj\u016fm v\u00fdroby v\u00edna i jej\u00ed vnuk. Z toho vznikla i svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e1 vina\u0159sk\u00e1 tradice v \u010cech\u00e1ch a v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch stalet\u00edch b\u00fdval sv. V\u00e1clav ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako – supremus magister vinearum, tedy: nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed perkmistr hor vini\u010dn\u00edch.<\/p>\n

V podhorsk\u00fdch oblastech a kopcovit\u00fdch kraj\u00edch se obvykle v tento den vracela st\u00e1da ze vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch pastvin k p\u0159ezimov\u00e1n\u00ed do chl\u00e9v\u016f. Od svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava b\u00fdvalo na vs\u00edch dovoleno p\u00e1st dobytek na \u00fahorech a strni\u0161t\u00edch. Podle tradice tak\u00e9 mnohde kon\u010dila \u010deledi slu\u017eba a za\u010d\u00ednali s hled\u00e1n\u00edm pr\u00e1ce na rok n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed. (N\u011bkde slu\u017eba kon\u010d\u00edvala a\u017e na sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Martina).<\/p>\n

Po sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava nast\u00e1val tak\u00e9 \u010das, kdy se platila poddansk\u00e1 da\u0148 z p\u016fdy majiteli panstv\u00ed. Tato da\u0148 b\u00fdvala vym\u011b\u0159ena v natur\u00e1li\u00edch jako nap\u0159\u00edklad: vejce, obil\u00ed, m\u00e1k nebo dr\u016fbe\u017e.<\/p>\n

Na Plze\u0148sku se v ned\u011bli p\u0159ed nebo po sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava sch\u00e1zeli na n\u00e1vsi \u010deled\u00edni a d\u011bve\u010dky a volili mezi sebou chud\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le, kr\u00e1lovnu a kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 slu\u017eebn\u00edky.Ty pak vyzdobili korunou z pozlacen\u00e9ho pap\u00edru s pestrobarevn\u00fdmi stu\u017ekami, vytvo\u0159ili \u201ekr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd\u201c pr\u016fvod, kter\u00fd pak proch\u00e1zel celou vs\u00ed a prosil po staven\u00edch o d\u00e1rek. Hospodyn\u011b je v\u011bt\u0161inou podarovaly n\u011bkolika vejci, chlebem nebo kouskem pe\u010d\u00ednky. V\u0161ichni \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci pr\u016fvodu pod\u011bkovali, pop\u0159\u00e1li mnoho \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a pokra\u010dovali k dal\u0161\u00edm staven\u00edm. Ve\u010der se pak v\u0161ichni se\u0161li v m\u00edstn\u00edm hostinci, kde se z v\u00fdslu\u017eky konala hostina.<\/p>\n

V lidov\u00e9m pojet\u00ed b\u00fdval V\u00e1clav patronem tak\u00e9 takzvan\u00e9ho bab\u00edho l\u00e9ta, tedy obdob\u00ed kolem jeho sv\u00e1tku. Mnohde byste se proto mohli setkat s ozna\u010den\u00edm: \u201el\u00e9to svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava.\u201c Lidov\u00e1 pranostika ubezpe\u010dovala, \u017ee \u201esvatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e9 \u010dasy p\u0159inesou p\u011bkn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed.\u201c Kdy\u017e v tento den sv\u00edt\u00ed slunce, m\u00e1 se dle moudrosti na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f, da\u0159it sklizni \u0159epy a obecn\u011b to v\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd podzim. Pokud je bou\u0159ka, zaru\u010duje to pr\u00fd dlouh\u00e9 teplo.<\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ale sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava ohla\u0161uje p\u0159\u00edchod podzimn\u00edho \u010dasu, co\u017e dokazuj\u00ed i mnoh\u00e9 z lidov\u00fdch pranostik.
\n– Svat\u00fd V\u00e1clav tady \u2013 skl\u00edz\u00ed hady
\n– Svat\u00fd V\u00e1clav v\u00edno chr\u00e1n\u00ed, po n\u011bm bude vinobran\u00ed<\/p>\n

Co se ale tehdy, osudn\u00e9ho r\u00e1na stalo?<\/h6>\n

Nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm datem \u00famrt\u00ed sv. V\u00e1clava je 28. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 935, druhou variantou je 28. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 929 a op\u00edraj\u00ed se jak o slavnou Kristi\u00e1novu legendu, tak i o Kosmovu kroniku. Pro\u010d? V\u00edme, \u017ee V\u00e1clav m\u011bl b\u00fdt zabit v pond\u011bl\u00ed po sv\u00e1tku sv. Kosmy a Dami\u00e1na. Jen\u017ee pond\u011bl\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed na 28.z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jak prvn\u00edho, tak i druh\u00e9ho mo\u017en\u00e9ho roku! Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt i trochu toho “selsk\u00e9ho rozumu”.<\/p>\n

Ve Widukindov\u011b kronice najdeme popis ta\u017een\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce Jind\u0159icha I. Pt\u00e1\u010dn\u00edka do \u010cech z roku 929. O V\u00e1clavovi tu kronik\u00e1\u0159 mluv\u00ed jako o v\u011brn\u00e9m a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9m spojenci mocn\u00e9ho panovn\u00edka. Kdyby V\u00e1clav zem\u0159el p\u00e1r dn\u00ed po tom, co tento c\u00edsa\u0159 vpadl do \u010cech, nestihl by se z\u0159ejm\u011b st\u00e1t tak u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm. 28. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 935 se tak jev\u00ed jako mnohem pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed datum zlo\u010dinu.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 informace v rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed je i ta, \u017ee se Boleslav z\u0159ejm\u011b narodil roku 915. Kdyby tedy nechal bratra zab\u00edt v roce 929, dral by se na tr\u016fn ji\u017e ve sv\u00fdch 14 letech. Nezm\u00ednil by to tedy alespo\u0148 jeden kronik\u00e1\u0159? Nezletil\u00fd kr\u00e1l by musel b\u00fdt n\u011bk\u00fdm zastoupen. Novodob\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159i motivu k vra\u017ed\u011b \u0161lo sp\u00ed\u0161e o spor politick\u00fd ne\u017e n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd,i kdy\u017e v\u00edra (jak hlubok\u00e1 u\u017e dnes po svato\u0159e\u010den\u00ed t\u011b\u017eko odhadneme, ale na pohanskou spole\u010dnost jist\u011b velik\u00e1) svoji roli hr\u00e1la tak\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u010casto se boleslavsk\u00e1 vra\u017eda vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako vyvrcholen\u00ed bratrsk\u00e9ho sporu o postoj k n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. “Boleslav nesouhlas\u00ed s tributem, poplatkem za m\u00edr, kter\u00fd V\u00e1clav plat\u00ed Pt\u00e1\u010dn\u00edkovi,” uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed historikov\u00e9. V\u00e1clav podle mlad\u0161\u00edho bratra ustupuje siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu N\u011bmci a chov\u00e1 se zbab\u011ble. Kdy\u017e Boleslav used\u00e1 na tr\u016fn, tak\u00e9 ale nem\u00e1 jinou mo\u017enost ne\u017e se s N\u011bmeckem spojit, i kdy\u017e \u0159adu let proti tomu bojuje.
\nHlavn\u00edm motivem v\u0161ak mohla tak\u00e9 b\u00fdt jen touha po moci. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee zv\u00edt\u011bzila \u010dist\u011b lidsk\u00e1 je\u0161itnost, kter\u00e1 dala pr\u016fchod agresivit\u011b, v t\u00e9 dob\u011b by se jist\u011b nejednalo o nic v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Toufar Pavel: \u010cesk\u00fd rok na vsi a ve m\u011bst\u011b. Vonru\u0161kov\u00e1, Alena: \u010cesk\u00e9 zvyky a oby\u010deje<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Svat\u00fd <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":263731,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/25\/r\u00e1m-svat\u00fd-v\u00e1clav-v-tradici.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172598"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=172598"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":263730,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172598\/revisions\/263730"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/263731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=172598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=172598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=172598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}