{"id":171182,"date":"2020-09-30T11:56:23","date_gmt":"2020-09-30T10:56:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=171182"},"modified":"2020-10-01T07:09:02","modified_gmt":"2020-10-01T06:09:02","slug":"stara-sumava-jaroslav-vrchlicky-kurovec-a-sumava","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=171182","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Jaroslav Vrchlick\u00fd, k\u016frovec a \u0160umava"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Rok 1882 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed velkolep\u00e9 kni\u017en\u00ed d\u00edlo \u010cechy- \u0160umava, prvn\u00ed d\u00edl rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho m\u00edstopisu. D\u00edlo je spole\u010dnou prac\u00ed spisovatel\u016f a um\u011blc\u016f \u010desk\u00fdch. Fin\u00e1ln\u00ed verzi dal podobu Franti\u0161ek Adolf \u0160ubert. D\u00edl \u0160umava z\u00e1sadn\u011b etablovalo jist\u00fd \u00fahel pohledu na \u0160umavu, je dokladem, z n\u011bj\u017e lze vyrozum\u011bt, jak byla \u0160umava na po\u010d\u00e1tku 80. let 19. stol. vn\u00edm\u00e1na.<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch \u0160umav\u011b m\u00e1 v Ottov\u00fdch \u010cech\u00e1ch Jaroslav Vrchlick\u00fd. V publikaci nalezneme celkem \u010dty\u0159i p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky. Prvn\u00edm z nich je \u00favodn\u00ed b\u00e1se\u0148 k cel\u00e9mu d\u00edlu, skrze kterou autor obecn\u011b popisuje \u0160umavu jako m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 je protk\u00e1no p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi kr\u00e1sami a dlouhou histori\u00ed. \u010ctvrt\u00fdm Vrchlick\u00e9ho textem je Od Eisensteina k Pl\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edmo navazuje na p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd Hvozd. Autor se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na Pl\u00e1n\u011b neboli Kvildu, \u201ejak je zove \u010desk\u00fd lid v podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed \u0161umavsk\u00e9m\u201c. D\u00e1le se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 i na takov\u00e1 m\u00edsta, jako jsou vrcholy Fallbaum (dne\u0161n\u00ed Polom) a Plesn\u00e1, d\u00e1le k Ple\u0161n\u00e9mu jezeru.<\/p>\n

….Od k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee sr\u00e1znou cestou pust\u00edme se dol\u016f do H\u016frek sm\u011brem k ho\u0159e Plesn\u00e9 a k jezeru stejn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na. Jdeme lesem r\u00e1zu pralesovit\u00e9ho, hust\u00fdm, stinn\u00fdm, j\u00edm\u017e bur\u00e1c\u00ed divok\u00fd v\u00edtr bud\u011b star\u00e9 ozv\u011bny ve str\u00e1n\u00edch. P\u016fda jest vlhk\u00e1 a bo\u0159\u00ed se neust\u00e1le. Okol\u00ed nab\u00fdv\u00e1 tv\u00e1\u0159nosti divok\u00e9; v\u00edce parku podobn\u00fd r\u00e1z les\u016f p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed v okol\u00ed eisensteinsk\u00e9m miz\u00ed, a cestuj\u00edc\u00ed c\u00edt\u00ed, \u017ee vstupuje roznen\u00e1hla na m\u00edsta tknut\u00e1 jen nohou myslivce nebo d\u0159evorubce. Hlubok\u00e1, jen kv\u00edlen\u00edm v\u011btr\u016f v star\u00fdch stromech ru\u0161en\u00e1 samota a vlhk\u00e1, m\u00edsty bahnit\u00e1 p\u016fda, dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed i v jasn\u00fdch dnech \u00fastran\u00ed tomuto r\u00e1z pochmurn\u00e9 divokosti.<\/em><\/p>\n

V les\u00edch okoln\u00edch m\u00e1me p\u0159ed sebou obraz pralesa v miniatu\u0159e. Stromy podobaj\u00ed se sloup\u016fm, jedle a smrky maj\u00ed 3-4 stopy v pr\u016f\u0159ezu, jednotliv\u00e9 dosahuj\u00ed st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a\u017e 200-250 let. Hust\u00fd mech pokryt plavun\u00ed a bor\u016fvky a\u017e na dv\u011b stopy vysoko hal\u00ed p\u016fdu zmrvenou strouchniv\u011bl\u00fdm d\u0159\u00edv\u00edm a tl\u00edc\u00edm jehli\u010d\u00edm. Z pok\u00e1cen\u00fdch strom\u016f roste tis\u00edce a tis\u00edce km\u00ednk\u016f smrkov\u00fdch, je\u017e spl\u00edtaj\u00ed se v prav\u00e9 bludi\u0161t\u011b. Mech ustupuje na vlh\u010d\u00edch m\u00edstech li\u0161ejn\u00edk\u016fm, po kamenech hraje v r\u016fzn\u00fdch barv\u00e1ch, sem tam rostou mezi balvany pestr\u00e9 kv\u011bty. \u010c\u00edm v\u00fd\u0161e stoup\u00e1me, t\u00edm v\u00edce a v\u00edce nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed sosny tvar\u016f pyramid\u00e1ln\u00edch a rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u011btve dole od ko\u0159ene. Brzy, ale zakrsaj\u00ed podobaj\u00edce se n\u00edzk\u00fdm ku\u017eel\u016fm a troj\u00faheln\u00edk\u016fm. Na m\u00fdtin\u00e1ch vln\u00ed se cel\u00e9 pole arniky, vousat\u00fd mech vis\u00ed se strom\u016f a cel\u00e1 patra v\u011bj\u00ed\u0159ovit\u00fdch hub vegetuj\u00ed na uschl\u00fdch, sto\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm podobn\u00fdch bezv\u011btv\u00fdch kmenech.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kolem lesnat\u00e9ho vrchu Steindlu jde sr\u00e1zn\u00e1 stezka po svahu horsk\u00e9m do Pr\u00e1\u0161el\u00ed. Krajina jest sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed, v kl\u00ednu \u00fadol\u00ed i na str\u00e1n\u00edch objevuj\u00ed se velik\u00e9 lysiny, m\u00edj\u00edme cel\u00e9 m\u00fdtiny pln\u00e9 v\u00fdvrat\u00ed a stop velik\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1rovi\u0161\u0165 – jdeme krajinou, kde druhdy tak d\u011bsn\u011b hospoda\u0159il korovec.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nepatrn\u00fd ten asi 2 a\u017e 2 1\/2 \u010d\u00e1rky dlouh\u00fd brou\u010dek byl p\u016fvodcem d\u011bsn\u00e9 t\u00e9to spousty les\u016f \u0161umavsk\u00fdch, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala nab\u00fdvati s po\u010d\u00e1tku rozm\u011br\u016f tak velik\u00fdch, \u017ee po cel\u00fdch \u010cech\u00e1ch rozl\u00e9hal se v\u00fdk\u0159ik zoufal\u00fd: \u0160umavy nen\u00ed v\u00edce! Dnes, kdy korovec tam op\u011bt vyhynul, zotavuj\u00ed se o\u010dividn\u011b lesy \u0161umavsk\u00e9 a jen m\u00edsty sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed velk\u00e9 lysiny ukazuj\u00ed na propast, je\u017e hrozila pohltiti cel\u00fd v\u011bnec pohrani\u010dn\u00fdch les\u016f \u010desk\u00fdch. L\u00fdko\u017erout byl, jako v ka\u017ed\u00e9m v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm lese, i na \u0160umav\u011b d\u00e1vnolet\u00fdm hostem. Ji\u017e v letech 1846 pok\u00e1cela vich\u0159ice na \u0160umav\u011b tis\u00edce a tis\u00edce kmen\u016f. Korovec \u010dili l\u00fdko\u017erout rozmno\u017eoval se v le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch nakupen\u00fdch neoloupan\u00fdch kmenech b\u00e1je\u010dn\u011b rychle. Nebylo\u0165 dosti sil pracovn\u00edch, kter\u00e9 by sta\u010dily odvalovati a olupovati kmeny; snad tak\u00e9, aspo\u0148 s po\u010d\u00e1tku, oby\u010dejn\u00e1 liknavost a nev\u0161\u00edmavost zavinila mnoho.<\/em><\/p>\n

Velk\u00e1 vich\u0159ice dne 25. \u0159\u00edjna 1870, kter\u00e1 svrhla kryt v\u011b\u017ee u sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na v Praze a v Klatovech kryt \u010cern\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee radni\u010dn\u00e9, dovr\u0161ila z\u00e1hubn\u00e9 d\u00edlo: cel\u00e9 lesy, n\u011bkde p\u0159es 200.000 s\u00e1h\u016f d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, byly asi ve dvou hodin\u00e1ch pok\u00e1ceny. L\u00fdko\u017erout roz\u0161i\u0159oval se pak s \u00fa\u017easnou rychlost\u00ed a vrhl se z nemocn\u00fdch kmen\u016f i na zdrav\u00e9, na\u010de\u017e jemu samotn\u00e9mu padla za ob\u011b\u0165 zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st prales\u016f \u0161umavsk\u00fdch. Jedin\u00e1 sosna m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eiviti a\u017e 21.000 p\u00e1rk\u016f l\u00fdko\u017erout\u016f a plod jednoho p\u00e1rku vyd\u00e1 a\u017e i na 1,260.000 brouk\u016f! Z toho snadno poznati, pro\u010d mohla zk\u00e1za \u0160umavy v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 pom\u011brn\u011b dob\u011b doznati takov\u00e9ho ohromn\u00e9ho rozm\u011bru. Pohled na lesy zpusto\u0161en\u00e9 korovcem byl smutn\u00fd a stra\u0161liv\u00fd. Strom ztr\u00e1cel pomalu zelen\u00e9 jehly sv\u00e9, a kdy\u017e jsi do kamene uhodil, pr\u0161ely z n\u011bho jehly jako d\u00e9\u0161\u0165. Kmeny byly na ko\u0159eni osyp\u00e1ny \u017elutou mou\u010dkou, vypadalou to \u010dervoto\u010d\u00ed, strom brzy za\u010dal schnout a jehli\u010d\u00ed jeho dost\u00e1valo barvu zarudlou, \u010dervenou. Brouk s\u00e1m ne\u017eere strom, n\u00fdbr\u017e vrt\u00e1 v n\u011bm pouze chodby, do kter\u00fdch sami\u010dky ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka. Brouk zahyne brzy, jakmile se o sv\u00e9 potomstvo postar\u00e1, za to larvy krm\u00ed l\u00fdkem kmene \u017eravost\u00ed nenasytnou.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy brouk\u016f ni\u010d\u00ed korovce, mal\u00e1 vosa pestrokrove\u010dn\u00edk a drab\u010d\u00edk ov\u0161em v rozm\u011brech nepatrn\u00fdch. Ani pl\u00edse\u0148, kter\u00e1 vznikne v chodb\u00e1ch l\u00fdko\u017erout\u016f, mnoho jim neu\u0161kod\u00ed. Hlavn\u011b lze ohraditi se proti dal\u0161\u00edmu jejich \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed d\u016frazn\u00fdm zakro\u010den\u00edm se strany lesn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy. Nemocn\u00e9 a naka\u017een\u00e9 kmeny okam\u017eit\u011b se pok\u00e1cej\u00ed, k\u016fra se oloup\u00e1 a sp\u00e1l\u00ed. Loup\u00e1n\u00ed toto d\u00edti se v\u0161ak mus\u00ed po plachtami, nebo jinak korovec roztrous\u00ed se do mechu a co nevid\u011bt pokra\u010duje v zk\u00e1zonosn\u00e9m d\u00edle sv\u00e9m. Obsah plachet vysype se pak do hranic a v\u0161e tak v z\u00e1rodc\u00edch se zni\u010d\u00ed. Pouh\u00e9 olupov\u00e1n\u00ed kmen\u016fv a ponech\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016fry na slunci nedosta\u010duje, m\u00e1\u0165 korovec tuh\u00e9 \u017eit\u00ed: v kus\u00edch kory kolem oh\u0148\u016f se povaluj\u00edc\u00edch vydr\u017eely zdrav\u00e9 larvy, a brouci prokousali se na sv\u011btlo i z k\u016fry zakopan\u00e9 do hlubok\u00fdch jam. Spalov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016fry d\u011blo se na \u0160umav\u011b roku 1874 a 1875 v rozm\u011brech velik\u00fdch a v\u016fbec pracov\u00e1no proti korovci nap\u011bt\u00edm v\u0161ech sil.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ale ani nejusilovn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prac\u00ed lidskou nebyla by se zamezila dal\u0161\u00ed zhouba kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch les\u016f \u0161umavsk\u00fdch, kdyby nebyla vystoupila sama p\u0159\u00edroda tajemnou nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pomoc\u00ed svou. Po\u010dal\u0165 n\u00e1hle – z p\u0159\u00ed\u010din nepoznan\u00fdch – mizeti korovec, pr\u00e1v\u011b tak jako mizej\u00ed mezi lidstvem epidemie, kdy\u017e byly dostoupily nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho vrcholu a kdy\u017e nad\u011bje na jejich vyhasnut\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 nejmen\u0161\u00ed. Vid\u00edme zjevy, ale p\u0159\u00ed\u010din nepozn\u00e1v\u00e1me – jsme hra\u010dkou v ruce velebn\u00e9, v\u011b\u010dnou zk\u00e1zu a v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot dle v\u016fle sv\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj: Souborn\u00e9 d\u00edlo \u010cechy. I. \u0160umava. Hlavn\u00ed auto\u0159i: F. A. \u0160ubert a K. Liebscher,<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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