{"id":170565,"date":"2020-09-10T07:18:02","date_gmt":"2020-09-10T06:18:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=170565"},"modified":"2020-09-10T07:18:02","modified_gmt":"2020-09-10T06:18:02","slug":"stara-sumava-o-skolnim-stravovani-deti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=170565","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O \u0161koln\u00edm stravov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 publikace uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee se \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed stravov\u00e1n\u00ed datuje od konce druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce toti\u017e vy\u0161ly v platnost prvn\u00ed z\u00e1kony reguluj\u00edc\u00ed stravov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed \u0161kolou povinn\u00fdch. P\u0159ed vznikem prvn\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f o \u0161koln\u00edch j\u00eddeln\u00e1ch neexistovalo nic, co by bylo t\u011bmto j\u00eddeln\u00e1m podobn\u00e9. Tradice \u010desk\u00e9ho \u0161koln\u00edho stravov\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jist\u011b star\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je b\u011b\u017en\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bno.<\/h6>\n

V prvn\u00edch kuchyn\u00edch se j\u00eddla p\u0159ipravovala na klasick\u00fdch kamnech, co\u017e bylo jist\u011b \u010dasov\u011b, ale zejm\u00e9na pak fyzicky velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Ob\u011bd tvo\u0159ila pouze pol\u00e9vka nebo hrnek ml\u00e9ka s chlebem. To a\u017e pozd\u011bji se za\u010dala va\u0159it slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed j\u00eddla, pokud v\u0161ak bylo z \u010deho. Va\u0159it v tehdej\u0161\u00edch pom\u011brech nebylo v\u016fbec jednoduch\u00e9. Na trhu chyb\u011blo kvalitn\u00ed maso, zelenina i ovoce.
\nSehnat kucha\u0159ku do \u0161koln\u00ed j\u00eddelny byl tak\u00e9 velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m a tak se nez\u0159\u00eddka stalo, \u017ee musely va\u0159it i man\u017eelky u\u010ditel\u016f.<\/p>\n

Z \u010desk\u00fdch kronik:<\/h6>\n

Chanovice 1903<\/strong>
\nV zim\u011b roku 1903 a 1904 byl pro p\u0159espoln\u00ed d\u011bti z\u0159\u00edzen pol\u00e9vkov\u00fd \u00fastav, kter\u00fd finan\u010dn\u011b podpo\u0159ila Pavlina Schmidlov\u00e1 se svou dcerou a dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1mo\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 Chanovic. Pol\u00e9vkov\u00fd \u00fastav umo\u017enil \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zku v\u00edce d\u011btem. Pen\u00edze na \u0161koln\u00ed pom\u016fcky pro nejchud\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti se z\u00edsk\u00e1valy z divadeln\u00edch p\u0159edstaven\u00ed, z v\u00fdstav \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00fdch prac\u00ed a tak\u00e9 z dar\u016f zdej\u0161\u00edho velkostatku . zdroj<\/p>\n

Bene\u0161ov, 1907<\/strong>
\n“Pol\u00e9vkov\u00e9 \u00fastavy za\u010daly bilancovat. Nap\u0159. v Py\u0161el\u00edch vydali do b\u0159ezna 10 tis\u00edc pol\u00e9vek, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 129 d\u011btem denn\u011b. Velkou z\u00e1sluhu m\u011bl baronsk\u00fd p\u00e1r Mattencloit\u016f. I v \u201ene\u00farodn\u00fdch\u201c Zdislavic\u00edch rozlili 2350 tal\u00ed\u0159\u016f v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 pol\u00e9vky. V Neveklov\u011b zatou\u017eili po m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00e9 \u0161kole, ale my\u0161lenka m\u011bla hodn\u011b nep\u0159\u00e1tel. Pr\u00fd by p\u0159i\u0161la st\u00e1t na 40 tis\u00edc zl. ro\u010dn\u011b, ale hlavn\u011b sedl\u00e1ci by p\u0159i\u0161li o \u010dele\u010f. \u201e\u0160tudovan\u00fdm\u201c by se ke kon\u00edm a krav\u00e1m necht\u011blo … ”<\/p>\n

Bene\u0161ov 1908<\/strong>
\nPol\u00e9vkov\u00e9 \u00fastavy zase sytily chud\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky. V T\u00fdnici d\u00e1vali lid\u00e9 krom\u011b pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch dar\u016f i natur\u00e1lie. Pan Korbel poslal hov\u011bz\u00ed hlavu, Vor\u00e1\u010dek z Bukovan dva pytle brambor, Berka z Brodc\u016f dva bochn\u00edky chleba.<\/p>\n

Pol\u00e9vkov\u00e9 \u00fastavy<\/strong>
\nTradice pol\u00e9vkov\u00fdch \u00fastav\u016f se datuje ji\u017e od 1. poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed. Tyto \u00fastavy a dal\u0161\u00ed jin\u00e9 subjekty, nap\u0159\u00edklad ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165ovaly stravu d\u011btem \u0161kolou povinn\u00fdch, se postupem \u010dasu zakl\u00e1daly po cel\u00fdch \u010cech\u00e1ch. Pol\u00e9vkov\u00e9 \u00fastavy se sice t\u011b\u0161ily velk\u00e9mu rozmachu, ale st\u00e1le se v nich p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b va\u0159ily hust\u00e9 pol\u00e9vky, ke kter\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1ci zakusovali pe\u010divo – chl\u00e9b \u010di housku. Ne ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u0161kola v\u0161ak m\u011bla mo\u017enost p\u0159ipravovat tepl\u00e9 pol\u00e9vky. Tam, kde nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 uva\u0159it teplou pol\u00e9vku, bylo d\u011btem pod\u00e1v\u00e1no pouze pe\u010divo a ml\u00e9ko. \u00dastavy, zprvu funguj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edky podpo\u0159e mecen\u00e1\u0161\u016f a charitativn\u00edm dar\u016fm, byly s po\u010d\u00e1tkem 20. stolet\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b dotov\u00e1ny i ze st\u00e1tn\u00ed kasy.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1le v\u0161ak platilo, \u017ee strava byla poskytov\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u011btem ze slab\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch rodin a p\u0159espoln\u00edm \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed nem\u011bli mo\u017enost j\u00edt se dom\u016f naj\u00edst. Zemsk\u00e1 komise pro ochranu d\u00edtek a p\u00e9\u010de o ml\u00e1de\u017e v Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9m Roku 1907 byl zalo\u017een spolek s n\u00e1zvem Zemsk\u00e1 komise pro ochranu d\u00edtek a p\u00e9\u010de o ml\u00e1de\u017e v Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9m. Jednalo se o spolek p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed cel\u00fdch \u010cech, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165oval p\u00e9\u010di o chud\u00e9 d\u011bti a ml\u00e1de\u017e, vedl n\u011bkolik \u0161kol, u\u010dili\u0161\u0165, intern\u00e1t\u016f, polep\u0161oven a sirot\u010dinc\u016f, p\u0159isp\u00edval na p\u00e9\u010di matk\u00e1m samo\u017eivitelk\u00e1m a p\u011bstoun\u016fm, zaopat\u0159oval sirotky. Jednou z vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed byla i p\u0159\u00edprava ob\u011bd\u016f pro \u0161kolou povinn\u00e9 d\u011bti v dob\u011b nouze.<\/p>\n

Komise z\u00edsk\u00e1vala finance na svou \u010dinnost z p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f sv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f, dar\u016f, po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch akc\u00ed a postupem \u010dasu pozd\u011bji i od st\u00e1tu. Tento spolek byl roku 1917 p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na \u010ceskou zemskou komisi pro p\u00e9\u010di o ml\u00e1de\u017e, roku 1933 na Zemsk\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o ml\u00e1de\u017e v \u010cech\u00e1ch a nakonec byl roku 1949 zru\u0161en. I dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b – Moravsk\u00e9, Slezsk\u00e1, za \u010ceskoslovenska i Slovensk\u00e1, m\u011bli sv\u00e9 komise funguj\u00edc\u00ed na stejn\u00e9m principu.
\nB\u011bhem zimy 1928\/1929 dlouhodob\u011b panovaly mrazy a\u017e -30 stup\u0148\u016f, co\u017e se projevilo na zdrav\u00ed \u0161koln\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed. \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da proto uvolnila \u010cesk\u00e9 zemsk\u00e9 komisi 5 milion\u016f korun, aby uspo\u0159\u00e1dala \u201cpomocnou stravovac\u00ed akci pro pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 d\u011bti\u201d. Komise z\u0159\u00eddila na \u00fazem\u00ed cel\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu kolem tis\u00edce v\u00fdva\u0159oven (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch), ve kter\u00fdch se stravovalo v\u00edce jak 68 tis\u00edc chud\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. B\u011bhem jedn\u00e9 zimy zde bylo vyd\u00e1no 3 750 000 d\u00e1vek j\u00eddla.<\/p>\n

Pomocn\u00e1 stravovac\u00ed akce pro pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 d\u011bti prob\u011bhla v men\u0161\u00edm rozsahu i n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed zimy. B\u011bhem 30.let 20.stolet\u00ed dost\u00e1valy d\u011bti j\u00eddlo na z\u00e1klad\u011b pouk\u00e1zek, kter\u00e9 d\u011btem p\u0159id\u011blovali u\u010ditel\u00e9 po posouzen\u00ed pot\u0159ebnosti. Pol\u00e9vkov\u00e9 a jin\u00e9 \u00fastavy byly ji\u017e v t\u00e9to dob\u011b podporov\u00e1ny st\u00e1tem. I p\u0159esto, \u017ee st\u00e1t nehradil ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s fungov\u00e1n\u00edm pol\u00e9vkov\u00fdch \u00fastav\u016f, vynalo\u017eil ve \u0161koln\u00edm roce 1936\/37 na pol\u00e9vkov\u00e9 \u00fastavy p\u0159es t\u0159i miliony korun, co\u017e za prvn\u00ed republiky byly velk\u00e9 pen\u00edze. Prvn\u00ed republika, to byla noblesa a elegance, a to nejen v obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed, ale i ve stravov\u00e1n\u00ed. V bohat\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch nebylo nezvykl\u00e9, \u017ee se k ve\u010de\u0159i jedli \u0161neci, hum\u0159i, raci, jehn\u011b\u010d\u00ed kotletky nebo tatarsk\u00fd biftek. V d\u011blnick\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch se b\u011bhem pracovn\u00edho t\u00fddne t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nejedlo maso. Maminky d\u011bt\u00ed ale i z m\u00e1la uva\u0159ily velmi chutn\u00fd ob\u011bd. Velmi obl\u00edben\u00fdmi byly nap\u0159\u00edklad nudle s m\u00e1kem, celerov\u00e1 pol\u00e9vka nebo tzv. lepenice.<\/p>\n

Mal\u00e9 ok\u00e9nko do roku 1933<\/strong>
\nVypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed pan\u00ed Tuliov\u00e9 z Prahy. Poch\u00e1z\u00edm z jeden\u00e1cti sourozenc\u016f. Na\u0161e rodina se \u0159adila mezi ty chud\u00e9, byli jsme bez hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, m\u011bli jen p\u00e1r slepic, prase, kozu a kr\u00e1l\u00edky. K\u016f\u0148 slou\u017eil k p\u0159eprav\u011b zbo\u017e\u00ed na trh. Do \u0161koly jsme chodili jako d\u011bti p\u011b\u0161ky, cca 4 km tam a zase zp\u011bt. K j\u00eddlu do \u0161koly jsem dost\u00e1vala chleba, kter\u00fd mi maminka schov\u00e1vala do kastr\u016flku. Kdy\u017e bylo l\u00e9pe, tak byl chl\u00e9b pomazan\u00fd s\u00e1dlem nebo byla bramborov\u00e1 placka. V l\u00e9t\u011b byla strava pest\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed o cestou natrhan\u00e1 jablka, \u0161vestky, t\u0159e\u0161n\u011b apod., dle toho, co bylo cestou, zkr\u00e1tka to, co pr\u00e1v\u011b zr\u00e1lo. Za v\u00e1lky mi maminka d\u00e1vala l\u00edstky na j\u00eddlo, za ty jsem si pak kupovala v obchod\u011b housku a trochu nejoby\u010dejn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho sal\u00e1mu. Vejce nebyla a kdy\u017e ano, byla ku pot\u0159eb\u011b cel\u00e9 rodin\u011b \u2013 ned\u011blalo se, \u017ee by d\u00edt\u011b dostalo a sn\u011bdlo si va\u0159en\u00e9 vejce. Pit\u00ed jsme si nekupovali, nato\u010dili jsme si ve \u0161kole vodu z kohoutku.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: 100 let spole\u010dn\u00e9ho stravov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/em><\/p>\n

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