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Mnoho u\u010ditelek m\u00e1 zn\u00e1mosti trvaj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9ta, ale hmotn\u00e9 pom\u011bry jejich vyvolen\u00fdch nesta\u010d\u00ed k zalo\u017een\u00ed vlastn\u00edho krbu. V\u011bt\u0161inou jsou to g\u00e1\u017eist\u00e9, jich\u017e materieln\u00ed postaven\u00ed je v\u0161em zn\u00e1mo. S radost\u00ed proto uv\u00edtali zpr\u00e1vu, kter\u00e1 jim slibovala uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed jejich d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho snu a ide\u00e1lu, zalo\u017eiti si svou vlastn\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost. Ale ub\u011bhly t\u00fddny a ot\u00e1zka zru\u0161en\u00ed celib\u00e1tu u\u010ditelek jakoby neexistovala. Pro\u010d tedy byly uve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1ny zpr\u00e1vy, je\u017e nebyly zaru\u010deny? Pro\u010d vzbuzuje se nad\u011bje tis\u00edc\u016f na zlep\u0161en\u00ed pom\u011br\u016f, kdy\u017e n\u00e1sleduje pak trpk\u00e9 zklam\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/em><\/p>\n Hle, ve \u0160tyrsku je ji\u017e celib\u00e1t zru\u0161en! S jak\u00fdmi pocity \u010detli jsme zpr\u00e1vu v\u0161ichni, kdo\u017e se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o zru\u0161en\u00ed celib\u00e1tu? S pocity radosti sotva. Ji\u017e ve star\u00e9m rakousk\u00e9m parlament\u011b mluvilo se o tom, \u017ee celib\u00e1t u\u010ditelek bude zru\u0161en, proto\u017ee m\u011bla b\u00fdti pos\u00edlena populace, kter\u00e1 za v\u00e1lky tak poklesla. Dnes, kdy m\u00e1me sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed a samostatn\u00fd st\u00e1t, c\u00edl\u00edme na sob\u011b nejv\u00edce \u00fabytek na\u0161ich syn\u016f a bratr\u016f ve v\u00e1lce padl\u00fdch. Mezery mezi mu\u017ei mlad\u00fdmi jsou hrozn\u00e9. Jak to ale bude d\u00e1le? <\/em><\/p>\n Tis\u00edce a miliony t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed padli, tis\u00edce t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstali, ale zmrza\u010deni, bez schopnosti v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u00e9, tis\u00edce g\u00e1\u017eist\u016f pom\u011bry donucen\u00fdch z\u016fst\u00e1vati svobodn\u00fdmi, jsou pro n\u00e1rod ztraceni, pokud se t\u00fdk\u00e1 populace. N\u00e1m nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt lhostejn\u00e1 budoucnost na\u0161eho n\u00e1roda, my pot\u0159ebujeme n\u00e1rod siln\u00fd, zdrav\u00fd a n\u00e1rod po\u010detn\u00fd. Zru\u0161te celib\u00e1t kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed, zru\u0161te celib\u00e1t u\u010ditelek a v\u0161ech t\u011bch \u00fa\u0159ednic st\u00e1tn\u00edch, kde dosud zru\u0161en nebyl a blahod\u00e1rn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek po letech se dostav\u00ed. Ov\u0161em, \u017ee p\u0159i zru\u0161en\u00ed celib\u00e1tu mus\u00ed b\u00fdti uplatn\u011bn n\u00e1zor ryze demokratick\u00fd, nesm\u00ed b\u00fdti napodobov\u00e1n shnil\u00fd byrokratismus v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fd, kter\u00fd na p\u0159. u \u00fa\u0159ednic po\u0161tovn\u00edch zru\u0161il celib\u00e1t, ale s tak krut\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami, \u017ee vlastn\u011b \u201edobrodin\u00ed\u201c toho nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nikdo, proto\u017ee by man\u017eel takov\u00e9 po\u0161tovn\u00ed oficiantky je\u0161t\u011b za to, \u017ee jeho \u017eena d\u0159e se cel\u00e9 dny po\u0161t\u011b, musel dopl\u00e1cet ze sv\u00e9ho slu\u017en\u00e9ho na zastupov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u00fa\u0159ad\u011b, v \u010das nemoci a pod.<\/em> \u201eVe slov\u011b my\u0161 se p\u00ed\u0161e tvrd\u00e9 y,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje trp\u011bliv\u011b mal\u00fdm \u0161kol\u00e1k\u016fm Marie. U\u010dit cht\u011bla od mali\u010dka a ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b pln\u00e9 d\u011bt\u00ed se c\u00edt\u00ed jako ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivlu. T\u011b\u0161\u00ed se na ka\u017edou hodinu. Jen\u017ee te\u010f p\u0159ed ni \u017eivot postavil nelehk\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed. Pokud se vd\u00e1, bude se muset vzd\u00e1t sv\u00e9ho u\u010ditelsk\u00e9ho snu. Nebyly to ohledy k t\u011bm, jim\u017e odp\u00edr\u00e1no jest n\u00e1sil\u00edm pr\u00e1vo \u017eiti a b\u00fdti matkou, posv\u00e1tn\u00fd to \u00fakol v\u0161ech \u017een, ani soucit s uboh\u00fdmi, ale rakousk\u00e1 vypo\u010d\u00edtavost, aby zdecimovan\u00e1 arm\u00e1da zase p\u0159ir\u016fstala, aby matky vychov\u00e1valy sv\u00e9 syny pro ochranu \u201e\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed vlasti\u201c.<\/p>\n \u201eProvd\u00e1\u0161 se za mne?\u201c<\/em> zept\u00e1 se absolventky u\u010ditelsk\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Marie jednoho jarn\u00edho dne roku 1910 jej\u00ed n\u00e1padn\u00edk Pavel ve v\u0161\u00ed po\u010destnosti po p\u011btilet\u00e9 zn\u00e1mosti. \u201eAno, ne, nev\u00edm\u2026\u201c<\/em> pro\u017eene se zmaten\u00e9 Marii rychle za sebou hlavou. \u201eDej mi \u010das na rozmy\u0161lenou,\u201c<\/em> \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 pak sv\u00e9ho mil\u00e9ho. Pavla m\u00e1 r\u00e1da a cht\u011bla by s n\u00edm zalo\u017eit rodinu, jen\u017ee m\u00e1 r\u00e1da i v\u0161echny d\u011bti ze sv\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy.<\/p>\n Jak ov\u0161em \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u00a7 51 zemsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona ze dne 27. ledna 1903 schv\u00e1len\u00e9ho \u010cesk\u00fdm zemsk\u00fdm sn\u011bmem, v \u010cech\u00e1ch \u201eprovd\u00e1n\u00ed se u\u010ditelky m\u00e1 b\u00fdti pokl\u00e1d\u00e1no za dobrovoln\u00e9 vzd\u00e1n\u00ed se slu\u017eby.\u201c<\/em> Podobn\u00fd zemsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon \u00a7 14 ze dne 26. prosince 1904 plat\u00ed i na Morav\u011b. Prav\u00ed se v n\u011bm, \u201e\u017ee prozat\u00edmn\u011b a definitivn\u011b ustanoven\u00e9 u\u010ditelky a definitivn\u00ed u\u010ditelky ru\u010dn\u00edch prac\u00ed vystoup\u00ed provd\u00e1n\u00edm se z \u00fa\u0159adu u\u010ditelsk\u00e9ho, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e maj\u00ed dostati odbytn\u00e9 nep\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed posledn\u00edho ro\u010dn\u00edho slu\u017en\u00e9ho.”<\/em><\/p>\n N\u00e1le\u017eelo jim tedy odstupn\u00e9 maxim\u00e1ln\u011b do v\u00fd\u0161e posledn\u00edho ro\u010dn\u00edho platu. Nejenom Marii, ale i spoust\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch \u010desk\u00fdch a moravsk\u00fdch u\u010ditelek se nel\u00edb\u00ed, \u017ee pokud cht\u011bj\u00ed z\u016fstat ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed, musej\u00ed dodr\u017eovat celib\u00e1t. Protesty jim ale nepomohou, a\u010dkoli u\u017e v roce 1903, kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9, kdy z\u00e1kon za\u010dne platit, se poslanec Jind\u0159ich Houra sna\u017e\u00ed o jeho zru\u0161en\u00ed. O deset let pozd\u011bji se o n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho pokou\u0161\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed skupina poslanc\u016f, ov\u0161em i tentokr\u00e1t marn\u011b.<\/p>\n Podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed by toti\u017e u\u010ditelky nem\u011blo v jejich n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9m povol\u00e1n\u00ed nic rozptylovat, ani mate\u0159sk\u00e9 a man\u017eelsk\u00e9 povinnosti. Marie se po mnoha \u00favah\u00e1ch nakonec rozhodne pro man\u017eelstv\u00ed, ale u\u017e te\u010f je j\u00ed jasn\u00e9, \u017ee j\u00ed spole\u010dnost d\u011bt\u00ed j\u00ed bude chyb\u011bt. Jen\u017ee kdyby se potichu vdala, stejn\u011b by se v\u0161echno brzy provalilo a ji by \u010dekal vyhazov. Pak by nedostala ani odstupn\u00e9. \u201eJ\u00e1 ani Pavel nejsme p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 bohat\u00ed, tak\u017ee pen\u00edze se n\u00e1m budou do za\u010d\u00e1tku hodit,<\/em>\u201c uva\u017euje realisticky.<\/p>\n Teprve v roce 1919 u\u017e za nov\u00e9 \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na po\u0159ad jedn\u00e1n\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka celib\u00e1tu u\u010ditelek. Argument\u016f pro zru\u0161en\u00ed se objevuje spousta. Nap\u0159\u00edklad statistiky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee u\u010ditelky odch\u00e1zej\u00ed mnohem d\u0159\u00edve do penze ze zdravotn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f. Posledn\u00edch deset let p\u0159ed prvn\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou ode\u0161lo do penze ro\u010dn\u011b 2,38 % u\u010ditelek, ov\u0161em jenom 1,25 % u\u010ditel\u016f. Kritici poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee kdyby m\u011bly u\u010ditelky z\u00e1zem\u00ed v rodin\u011b, p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch odchod\u016f do d\u016fchodu by nebylo tolik. Ve h\u0159e jsou ale i dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvody. \u201eZejm\u00e9na \u0161kolsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady p\u0159i\u0161ly k n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee neprovdan\u00e9 u\u010ditelky velmi \u010dasto nespr\u00e1vn\u011b pohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky \u017eivotn\u00ed, tak jako sta\u0159\u00ed ml\u00e1denci, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00edce a neznaj\u00edce vlastn\u00edho rodinn\u00e9ho \u017eivota, m\u011b\u0159\u00ed v\u0161e z \u00fazk\u00e9ho, velmi \u010dasto sobeck\u00e9ho sv\u00e9ho hlediska,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje z\u00e1pis ze zased\u00e1n\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, kde se ot\u00e1zka celib\u00e1tu projedn\u00e1vala.<\/p>\n Bezd\u011btn\u00e1 u\u010ditelka sotva m\u016f\u017ee pochopit v\u0161echny souvislosti v\u00fdchovy d\u00edt\u011bte v rodin\u011b. \u010cesk\u00e9 a moravsk\u00e9 u\u010ditelky bojuj\u00ed za odstran\u011bn\u00ed omezuj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159edpisu. Na ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed osv\u011bty u\u017e od zalo\u017een\u00ed republiky putuj\u00ed petice, kter\u00e9 po\u017eaduj\u00ed zru\u0161en\u00ed celib\u00e1tu. V \u00fanoru roku 1919 se sch\u00e1zej\u00ed nejd\u0159\u00edve pra\u017esk\u00e9 a pak i \u010desk\u00e9 a moravsk\u00e9 u\u010ditelky a sepisuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 po\u017eadavky. \u201eVe svobodn\u00e9 republice nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, aby u\u010ditelce, svobodn\u00e9 ob\u010dance, n\u011bkdo up\u00edral jej\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va,\u201c<\/em> shoduj\u00ed se rozho\u0159\u010den\u00e9 \u017eeny a z\u00e1kon 455\/1919 Sb. o zru\u0161en\u00ed celib\u00e1tu u\u010ditelek se nakonec da\u0159\u00ed v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed prosadit. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 ov\u0161em je, \u017ee na sousedn\u00edm Slovensku za Rakousko-Uherska \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd podobn\u00fd z\u00e1kon neplatil.<\/p>\n Zdroj: Helena Stejskalov\u00e1 – Epocha Plus. P\u016fvodn\u00ed zdroj historick\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku: \u010cesk\u00e1 hospodyn\u011b 1918, autor neuveden.<\/strong><\/p>\n P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n (Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" P\u0159ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":202061,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/03\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-celib\u00e1t.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170480"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=170480"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170480\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":202062,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170480\/revisions\/202062"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/202061"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=170480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=170480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=170480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n \u010cek\u00e1me s netrp\u011blivost\u00ed, \u017ee v \u201enejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch dnech\u201c bude celib\u00e1t rozhodn\u011b zru\u0161en a t\u00edm napraveno zase jedno z mnoha bezpr\u00e1v\u00ed na n\u00e1s p\u00e1chan\u00fdch..<\/em>.\u00a0 \u010dasopis<\/strong>\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e1 hospodyn\u011b 1918<\/strong><\/p>\n