{"id":170296,"date":"2020-09-17T06:18:33","date_gmt":"2020-09-17T05:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=170296"},"modified":"2020-09-17T06:18:33","modified_gmt":"2020-09-17T05:18:33","slug":"stara-sumava-zarijove-rozjimani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=170296","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00e9 rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/h6>\n
M\u016fj bratr dooral a vyp\u0159\u00e1h kon\u011b.<\/em>
\n A jak se stm\u00edv\u00e1,<\/em>
\n v\u011brn\u00e9mu druhu hlavu do h\u0159\u00edvy<\/em>
\n polo\u017eil ti\u0161e, pohladil mu \u0161\u00edji<\/em>
\n a zaposlouchal se, co mluv\u00ed kraj.<\/em><\/h6>\n
Zn\u00ed zvony z d\u00e1lky tich\u00fdm svatve\u010derem;<\/em>
\n modlitba vesnic stoup\u00e1 chladn\u00fdm \u0161erem.<\/em>
\n Duch zem\u011b zp\u00edv\u00e1: \u00fazkost, v\u00edra, bolest<\/em>
\n v jedin\u00fd chor\u00e1l slily se a let\u00ed<\/em>
\n k v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9mu nebi.<\/em><\/h6>\n
Svat\u00fd V\u00e1clave,<\/em>
\n nedej zahynouti<\/em>
\n n\u00e1m ni budouc\u00edm.<\/em><\/h6>\n

Bab\u00ed l\u00e9to na \u0160umav\u011b je jedno z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00ed. Slun\u00ed\u010dko h\u0159eje p\u0159es den a na ve\u010der n\u00e1s ochlad\u00ed sv\u011b\u017e\u00ed horsk\u00fd vzduch. M\u011bs\u00edc z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tak trochu klame vzhledem. Jeho n\u00e1zev nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho se z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00fdmi slune\u010dn\u00edmi paprsky, n\u00fdbr\u017e je odvozen\u00fd od stejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu jako m\u011bs\u00edc, kter\u00fd p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed pot\u00e9.<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed l\u00e9to do podzimu a slun\u00ed\u010dko je\u0161t\u011b vskutku pom\u011brn\u011b dost z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, spojovat si pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00edho \u0161koln\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce s obdob\u00edm tak zvan\u00e9ho bab\u00edho l\u00e9ta by bylo chybn\u00e9. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se pt\u00e1te, jak vlastn\u011b vznikl ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1zev \u201ebab\u00ed l\u00e9to\u201c? Podle lidov\u00fdch pov\u011bst\u00ed bylo mo\u017eno v tomto obdob\u00ed pozorovat voln\u011b se vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed pavu\u010diny drobn\u00fdch pavouk\u016f, kter\u00e9 v minulosti lidem p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly \u0161ed\u00e9 vlasy babi\u010dek \u2013 odtud tedy pramen\u00ed n\u00e1zev \u201ebab\u00ed l\u00e9to\u201c. Bab\u00ed l\u00e9to je \u010dasto zmi\u0148ov\u00e1no v lidov\u00fdch tradic\u00edch a pranostik\u00e1ch. Jm\u00e9no pro z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed toti\u017e poch\u00e1z\u00ed o \u010dasu podzimn\u00edho \u0159\u00edjen\u00ed zv\u011b\u0159e, kter\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tuto ro\u010dn\u00ed dobu nast\u00e1v\u00e1. N\u00e1zev m\u011bs\u00edce m\u00e1 tedy tent\u00fd\u017e ko\u0159en jako jm\u00e9no \u0159\u00edjen.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9to uteklo jako voda a ji\u017e je tu m\u011bs\u00edc z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Se z\u00e1\u0159\u00edm m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd spojen konec pr\u00e1zdnin a za\u010d\u00e1tek \u0161koly. Do \u0161koly chodil ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s, n\u011bkdo r\u00e1d, n\u011bkdo m\u00e9n\u011b, ale jedno je jasn\u00e9, bez \u0161koly by to ne\u0161lo. A co n\u00e1m p\u00ed\u0161ou star\u00e9 zdroje: Mimo p\u0159\u00edpravy m\u00e1 vz\u00edti u\u010ditel do \u0161koly veselou mysl, odhl\u00eddnouti na odplatu, kter\u00e1 ho \u010dek\u00e1 v nebi. D\u011bti do \u0161koly v\u00e1b\u00ed \u010distota, k tomu dopom\u00e1h\u00e1 u\u010ditel, kdy\u017e s\u00e1m ne v kamizole bez kab\u00e1tu, ale \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b ustrojen ve \u0161kole se nach\u00e1z\u00ed, fajfky ani tab\u00e1ku dokonce do \u0161koly nepat\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00fd u\u010ditel m\u00e1lokdy vyu\u010doval s\u00e1m, v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu v\u011bnoval sp\u00ed\u0161e sv\u00e9mu p\u016fvodn\u00edmu \u0159emeslu \u010di pr\u00e1ci kolem fary a polnost\u00ed. Jak jen to okolnosti dovolily, p\u0159edal ve\u0161ker\u00e9 sv\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed povinnosti pomocn\u00edkovi, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edkalo Johanes nebo \u010desky Josef. V\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na na vesnic\u00edch, nebyla nijak n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 hlavn\u011b bylo, aby m\u011bl uchaze\u010d hudebn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo alespo\u0148 c\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed, v\u00fdb\u011br mnohdy ovlivnila i m\u00edstn\u00ed popularita. Na jin\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed se tolik nehled\u011blo, \u010demu\u017e odpov\u00eddala i \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fduky, kter\u00e1 st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1vala nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 a strojov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

O reformn\u00edch my\u0161lenk\u00e1ch Jana Amose Komensk\u00e9ho v\u011bt\u0161ina u\u010ditel\u016f nem\u011bla ani zd\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud byl Josef obl\u00edben\u00fd a v\u0161ichni s n\u00edm byli spokojeni, m\u011bl nad\u011bji, \u017ee se z n\u011bj jednou stane tak\u00e9 u\u010ditel. K postupu v\u011bt\u0161inou dopomohla n\u00e1klonnost far\u00e1\u0159e nebo vrchn\u00edho nadlesn\u00edho. \u017dactvo samo o sob\u011b trp\u011blo nek\u00e1zn\u00ed a k vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmu nechovalo \u017e\u00e1dnou \u00factu, t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty tedy byly na denn\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dku. Nezbedn\u00e9 d\u011bti sed\u00e1valy za trest v oslovsk\u00e9 lavici, v\u00edce se ale trestalo l\u00edskovkou, kle\u010den\u00edm na hrachu, spavc\u016fm se lila voda za krk, k\u0159iklouni museli mezi zuby dr\u017eet kol\u00ed\u010dek apod. \u0160koln\u00ed rok byl ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zah\u00e1jen na svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava, v praxi ale a\u017e na Du\u0161i\u010dky, kdy se ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch za\u010d\u00ednalo topit. Vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhalo po cel\u00fd t\u00fdden krom\u011b st\u0159edy. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervence prob\u00edhaly za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti far\u00e1\u0159e zkou\u0161ky, po kter\u00fdch za\u010d\u00ednaly, navzdory \u0161kolsk\u00e9mu z\u00e1konu o doch\u00e1zce do \u0161koly, dlouh\u00e9 pr\u00e1zdniny.<\/p>\n

…\u201cV zahrad\u011b pana u\u010ditele roste zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed strom. Jmenuje se kornoutovn\u00edk. Rostou na n\u011bm listy ve tvaru mal\u00fdch kornout\u016f a hlavn\u011b\u2026 koncem srpna na n\u011bm dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed velik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kornouty pln\u00e9 sladkost\u00ed a mal\u00fdch p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd kluk a holka jednou p\u0159\u00edjdou do v\u011bku, kdy u\u017e jsou dost velc\u00ed, aby si jeden takov\u00fd kornout utrhli. A\u017e se tak stane, je ten spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010das, na to j\u00edt do \u0161koly.\u201d…<\/em><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed \u0161koln\u00ed den je tady a pro prv\u0148\u00e1\u010dky p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed slavnostn\u00ed chv\u00edle, kdy se s aktovkou na z\u00e1dech poprv\u00e9 vydaj\u00ed do \u0161koln\u00edch lavic. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u0161ak nos\u00ed i kornouty. Kde se tato tradice vlastn\u011b vzala a co se v nich ukr\u00fdv\u00e1?
\nZat\u00edmco v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech d\u011bti s kornouty do \u0161koly nechod\u00ed, jinde si zase n\u00e1stup do prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy bez nich ani nedovedou p\u0159edstavit. Kde se vlastn\u011b tradice kornout\u016f vzala a pro\u010d se nos\u00ed? I kdy\u017e je \u0159ada lid\u00ed dodnes p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena, \u017ee kornouty k n\u00e1m dorazily z Ameriky, nen\u00ed tomu tak. Tradice kornout\u016f toti\u017e p\u0159i\u0161la z N\u011bmecka. Jde p\u016fvodn\u011b o saskou tradici, kter\u00e1 se postupn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila do cel\u00e9 zem\u011b a pozd\u011bji i k n\u00e1m, hlavn\u011b do \u010deskon\u011bmeck\u00e9ho pohrani\u010d\u00ed. V severn\u00edch a z\u00e1padn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch je tak i dnes pro \u0161kol\u00e1ky b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 vyrazit s kornoutem, v jin\u00fdch kraj\u00edch jej zase zn\u00e1t nemusej\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dnes se tradice li\u0161\u00ed kraj od kraje i v samotn\u00e9m N\u011bmecku. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch spolkov\u00fdch zem\u00edch dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u011bti kornouty ze stromu na p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo od pana u\u010ditele. Bu\u010f jim je p\u0159iprav\u00ed \u0161kola, nebo je rodi\u010de tajn\u011b p\u0159inesou do \u0161koly a u\u010ditel je zav\u011bs\u00ed. Jinde je zase prv\u0148\u00e1\u010dci dostanou r\u00e1no doma od rodi\u010d\u016f a p\u0159inesou si je do \u0161koly, kde si je rozbal\u00ed, nebo nerozbal\u00ed. Mohou a nemus\u00ed z nich bonbony nab\u00eddnout spolu\u017e\u00e1k\u016fm. Kornout, ale nen\u00ed ur\u010den na rozd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inou obsahuje i drobn\u00fd d\u00e1rek pro mal\u00e9ho \u0161kol\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee kornouty vznikly vlastn\u011b tak trochu ze z\u00e1visti. Z\u00e1kladem tradice byl toti\u017e zvyk v \u017eidovsk\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch v N\u011bmecku d\u00e1vat d\u011btem v den, kdy dos\u00e1hly zralosti na studium T\u00f3ry, sladk\u00e9 pe\u010divo ve tvaru p\u00edsmen jako upomenuti slov \u017ealmu: \u201eDein Wort ist in meinem Munde s\u00fc\u00dfer als Honig\u201c (Tvoje slovo je v m\u00fdch \u00fastech slad\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e med). Ne\u017eidovsk\u00e9 d\u011bti tak m\u00edsto toho za\u010daly dost\u00e1vat kornouty, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 obsahovaly sladkosti.
\nM\u011bjte se kr\u00e1sn\u011b z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u011b…<\/p>\n

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Zdroj: M\u011bs\u00edce – Karel Toman, Z arch\u00edvu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":203321,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/17\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-star\u00e1-\u0161umava.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170296"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=170296"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":203322,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170296\/revisions\/203322"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/203321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=170296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=170296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=170296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}