{"id":170229,"date":"2020-08-26T07:28:35","date_gmt":"2020-08-26T06:28:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=170229"},"modified":"2020-08-26T07:28:35","modified_gmt":"2020-08-26T06:28:35","slug":"stara-sumava-o-skolni-brasnicce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=170229","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O \u0161koln\u00ed bra\u0161ni\u010dce"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed si d\u011bti v\u011bt\u0161inou musely vysta\u010dit jen s pl\u00e1t\u011bnou ta\u0161kou, ale u\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b se za\u010daly objevovat prvn\u00ed aktovky. A je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee pl\u00e1t\u011bn\u00fdm ta\u0161k\u00e1m a prvn\u00edm aktovk\u00e1m p\u0159edch\u00e1zely v 19. stolet\u00ed dr\u00e1t\u011bn\u00e9 nosi\u010de na kn\u00ed\u017eky.<\/h6>\n

Pry\u010d je doba, kdy \u0161kol\u00e1ci chodili na vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed s ko\u017eenou bra\u0161nou, v\u011bt\u0161inou stejn\u00e9 barvy. S povinnou \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zkou vyvstala pot\u0159eba pravideln\u011b p\u0159emis\u0165ovat u\u010debn\u00ed prost\u0159edky z domu do \u0161koly a zp\u011bt. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byla hlavn\u00ed \u0161kol\u00e1kovou v\u00fdbavou b\u0159idlicov\u00e1 tabulka s kam\u00ednkem na psan\u00ed. Se\u0161ity v dne\u0161n\u00edm slova smyslu vznikly a\u017e se zaveden\u00edm levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strojn\u00ed v\u00fdroby pap\u00edru v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed. Dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakoly se tehdy zad\u00e1valy v daleko men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e, proto se\u0161ity v\u011bt\u0161inou z\u016fst\u00e1valy ve \u0161kole. Psac\u00ed pot\u0159eby byly umis\u0165ov\u00e1ny do men\u0161\u00edch, pevn\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch pen\u00e1l\u016f. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160koln\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d z roku 1870 stanovil, \u017ee knihy a se\u0161ity po\u0159izuj\u00ed d\u011btem rodi\u010de nebo z\u00e1stupci \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Je\u0161t\u011b na konci 19. stolet\u00ed nebylo u\u010debnic mnoho a na jejich p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed sta\u010dilo sv\u00e1zat je \u0159em\u00ednky nebo um\u00edstit do dr\u00e1t\u011bn\u00e9ho dr\u017e\u00e1ku. Na vesnici bylo dlouho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u017een\u00fdch nebo textiln\u00edch bra\u0161en, levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ta\u0161ek pleten\u00fdch ze sl\u00e1my \u010di jin\u00fdch dostupn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Chlapci m\u011bli bra\u0161ny p\u0159es rameno, d\u00edvky nosily ta\u0161ky v ruce. <\/span><\/p>\n

Se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se po\u010dtem \u0161koln\u00edch pot\u0159eb byly z praktick\u00fdch a zdravotn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ko\u017een\u00e9 bra\u0161ni\u010dce p\u0159ichyceny \u0159em\u00ednky k no\u0161en\u00ed na z\u00e1dech. Tento zlep\u0161ov\u00e1k byl patrn\u011b inspirov\u00e1n tornami voj\u00e1k\u016f a k sou\u010dasn\u00fdm tvarovan\u00fdm popruh\u016fm m\u011bl daleko. V roce 1880 byla v denn\u00edm tisku inzerov\u00e1na \u201emodern\u00ed v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 \u0161koln\u00ed bra\u0161na s \u0159emenem pro hochy na z\u00e1da, pro d\u00edvky do ruky\u201c. Bra\u0161na nem\u011bla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed na p\u0159ihr\u00e1dky ani postrann\u00ed kapsy. M\u00edsto toho d\u011bti \u010dasto nosily je\u0161t\u011b mal\u00e9, v\u011bt\u0161inou ko\u017een\u00e9 kabelky p\u0159es rameno. Podle fotografi\u00ed z po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed za\u010dala tak\u00e9 d\u011bv\u010data nosit bra\u0161nu na z\u00e1da.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve 20. a 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159evl\u00e1dla m\u00f3da aktovek, ta\u0161ek do ruky. N\u00e1zev i tvar byly odvozeny od men\u0161\u00ed ta\u0161ky na spisy (akta), kterou p\u0159edt\u00edm nosili pouze advok\u00e1ti, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci. P\u016fvodn\u011b nem\u011bla dr\u017eadlo a nosila se v podpa\u017e\u00ed nebo p\u0159elo\u017eena v kapse svrchn\u00edku. Po vzniku \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky se zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f a ka\u017ed\u00fd nosil aktovku s dr\u017eadlem v ruce. Aktovky do ruky za\u010dali nosit tak\u00e9 \u0161kol\u00e1ci, zejm\u00e9na d\u011bv\u010data, ale najdeme je<\/span><\/p>\n

i u chlapc\u016f. Ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed, aby m\u00f3dn\u00ed ta\u0161ku do ruky vyst\u0159\u00eddala op\u011bt prakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bra\u0161na na z\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 \u201ed\u011btsk\u00e9 t\u011blo p\u011bkn\u011b nap\u0159\u00edm\u00ed a p\u0159i tom z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ru\u010dky voln\u00e9.\u201c U men\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed se skute\u010dn\u011b ke slovu znovu dostala bra\u0161na na z\u00e1da, ov\u0161em s dr\u017eadlem ve vrchn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, tak\u017ee se dala nosit i v ruce. Pou\u017e\u00edval se pro ni i p\u0159enesen\u00fd n\u00e1zev aktovka. Star\u0161\u00ed studenti, a\u0165 nosili sebev\u00edc u\u010debnic a se\u0161it\u016f, aktovku do ruky opustit necht\u011bli. Pozd\u011bji ji vym\u011bnili za ta\u0161ky p\u0159es rameno.<\/span><\/p>\n


\nZdroj:<\/strong>\u00a0Helena Kov\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Na <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":201302,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/26\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-bra\u0161ni\u010dka.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170229"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=170229"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":201303,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170229\/revisions\/201303"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/201302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=170229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=170229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=170229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}