{"id":168746,"date":"2024-08-02T20:15:28","date_gmt":"2024-08-02T19:15:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=168746"},"modified":"2024-08-02T20:15:28","modified_gmt":"2024-08-02T19:15:28","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-pernikova-srdce-a-stesticka-z-pouti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=168746","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Pern\u00edkov\u00e1 srdce a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed\u010dka z pouti"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Pern\u00edkov\u00e1 srd\u00ed\u010dka jsou nejtradi\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u00edce prod\u00e1van\u00fd pern\u00edkov\u00fd v\u00fdrobek na pout\u00edch od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku, co pout\u011b existuj\u00ed. Pern\u00edkov\u00e9 srdce neodmysliteln\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed k pouti jako st\u0159elnice. Jedn\u00edm z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e1sky je darov\u00e1n\u00ed srdce. Vyzdoben\u00fd pern\u00edk ve tvaru srdce vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmou spojitost se srdcem partnera \u010di partnerky, nebo\u0165 srdce je ji\u017e dlouh\u00e1 stalet\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako symbol l\u00e1sky, jako \u010d\u00e1st na\u0161eho t\u011bla, ze kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1z\u00ed cel\u00e1 na\u0161e l\u00e1ska.<\/h6>\n

Medov\u00e9 t\u011bsto bylo zn\u00e1m\u00e9 ji\u017e ve star\u00e9m Egypt\u011b. Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b se pe\u010divo z medu t\u011b\u0161ilo velk\u00e9 oblib\u011b. Pochutn\u00e1vali si na n\u011bm jak b\u011b\u017en\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e na Nilu tak i vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed vrstvy, v\u010detn\u011b cel\u00e9ho dvora samotn\u00fdch faraon\u016f. Jeliko\u017e je cukr vyn\u00e1lezem podstatn\u011b mlad\u0161\u00edm, byl med hlavn\u00edm sladidlem starov\u011bku i st\u0159edov\u011bku. Samotn\u00fd med byl pak pochoutkou je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e se za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat pro v\u00fdrobu dal\u0161\u00edch potravin. Starov\u011bc\u00ed \u0158ekov\u00e9 a \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 jedli p\u0159i slavnostech sladk\u00fd a vonn\u00fd chl\u00e9b a ob\u011btovali jej boh\u016fm. Pern\u00edk m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed od pep\u0159e, v latin\u011b \u201epiper\u201c, jen\u017e b\u00fdval sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pern\u00edkov\u00e9ho ko\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V na\u0161ich zem\u00edch je prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o pern\u00edku z roku 1324, kdy se v Praze usadili prvn\u00ed pern\u00edk\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed se p\u0159ist\u011bhovali z germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Pern\u00edk nebyl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b lacinou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed a nemohl si ho dovolit jen tak n\u011bkdo. V 16.stolet\u00ed se pro v\u00fdrobu pern\u00edku za\u010daly u\u017e\u00edvat d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 formy a to p\u0159ineslo do pen\u00edk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed nov\u00fd trend. Pern\u00edk se tak stal nejen pochoutkou, ale tak\u00e9 mal\u00fdm um\u011bleck\u00fdm d\u00edlem. V\u00fdrobky z pern\u00edku byly zdoben\u00e9, zaj\u00edmav\u011b tvarovan\u00e9 a vyr\u00e1b\u011bly se rychle. Staly se b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku.<\/p>\n

Rozmach pern\u00edk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed ustal a\u017e v 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy medovou pochoutku za\u010dala pomalu vytla\u010dovat v\u00fdroba cukrovinek, tedy sp\u00ed\u0161e cukr s\u00e1m. Cukr m\u011bl oproti medu celou \u0159adu v\u00fdhod. Dal se snadn\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvat jako sladidlo, bez probl\u00e9m\u016f se dal skladovat po dlouhou dobu a nab\u00edzel celou \u0161k\u00e1lu nov\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed. Jednu nev\u00fdhodu, ale p\u0159ece jen m\u011bl. Byl drah\u00fd. Proto se mu nepoda\u0159ilo vytla\u010dit med z na\u0161eho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku. V\u00fdrobky z medu se tak st\u00e1le udr\u017eely sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto na trhu a med zd\u00e1nliv\u011b jen odsunuly trochu do pozad\u00ed. Med toti\u017e ani ten sebekvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cukr nenahrad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pern\u00edk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fdroba a tradice kvalitn\u00edho lidov\u00e9ho pern\u00edku pokra\u010duje d\u00e1le a pat\u0159\u00ed neodmysliteln\u011b do na\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed kuchyn\u011b. Nen\u00ed to ale jen pern\u00edk, co d\u011bl\u00e1 tradici tradic\u00ed. Ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdroby pern\u00edk\u016f je i jeho zdoben\u00ed. Pern\u00edk byl jako pochoutka vyr\u00e1b\u011bn po stalet\u00ed i kr\u016fzn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostem. Pern\u00edk\u00e1\u0159i 18.stolet\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bli \u010dty\u0159i druhy pern\u00edk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed: oby\u010dejn\u00fd pern\u00edk, jemn\u00fd a ozdoben\u00fd marcip\u00e1nov\u00fd pern\u00edk, zdravotn\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 \u0161i\u0161ky a pern\u00edk zvan\u00fd dr\u016fbe\u0159ka, pe\u010den\u00fd hlavn\u011b d\u011btem pro mls i pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed. V\u0161echny m\u011bly nezam\u011bniteln\u00fd pracovn\u00ed postup. D\u016fle\u017eitou slo\u017ekou v\u0161ech pern\u00edk\u016f bylo ko\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00fdm se nikdy ne\u0161et\u0159ilo, a\u0165 to byla oby\u010dejn\u00e1 sko\u0159ice, h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dek, fenykl, an\u00fdz \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd bady\u00e1n, kardamom, koriandr nebo dokonce pep\u0159. N\u011bkdy se pro zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u016fni do t\u011bsta p\u0159id\u00e1valy i v\u00fdta\u017eky z mate\u0159\u00eddou\u0161ky, rozmar\u00fdnu \u010di pely\u0148ku. Nechyb\u011bly ani o\u0159echy, mandle nebo pomeran\u010dov\u00e1 a citr\u00f3nov\u00e1 k\u016fra. P\u0159esn\u00e9 d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159en\u00ed bylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed utajovan\u00fdch receptur, kter\u00e9 byly nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm bohatstv\u00edm pern\u00edk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch d\u00edlen.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b pern\u00ed\u010dk\u016f se z kuchyn\u011b line v\u016fn\u011b ko\u0159en\u00ed z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Spr\u00e1vn\u00ed pern\u00edk\u00e1\u0159i tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee pern\u00edkov\u00e9 t\u011bsto m\u00e1 obsahovat 10 p\u0159\u00edsad \u2013 h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dek, fenykl, an\u00fdz, koriandr a mu\u0161k\u00e1tov\u00fd o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek a kv\u011bt. V\u00fdroba pern\u00edku byla dost slo\u017eit\u00e1. Pern\u00edk\u00e1\u0159 nejprve z medu, mouky a ko\u0159en\u00ed vytvo\u0159il t\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 se muselo nechat nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u0161est t\u00fddn\u016f, n\u011bkdy i p\u016fl roku odle\u017eet ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch. Tradovala se rada, \u017ee nejlep\u0161\u00ed t\u011bsto je takov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 se zad\u011bl\u00e1 v den narozen\u00ed dcery a pern\u00edky se z n\u011bj pe\u010dou v den jej\u00ed svatby. Le\u017een\u00edm t\u011bsto z\u00edskalo na jakosti, ale tak\u00e9 hodn\u011b ztuhlo, tak\u017ee se n\u011bkdy muselo vysek\u00e1vat sekerami. Kusy t\u011bsta se potom vtla\u010dovaly do forem, vyklopily se, nechaly oschnout a teprve potom pekly. Pern\u00edk se ni\u010d\u00edm nerozbil, ozdobou byl jeho tvar a leskl\u00fd povrch.<\/p>\n

A\u017e do 18. stolet\u00ed byly pern\u00edky hladk\u00e9 a pouze upe\u010den\u00edm kr\u00e1sn\u011b zahn\u011bdl\u00e9 a leskl\u00e9. Pozd\u011bji se tvary ji\u017e nevtla\u010dovaly do d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch forem, n\u00fdbr\u017e se vypichovaly plechov\u00fdmi formami, ale zato se zdobily ru\u010dn\u00ed malbou z cukrov\u00e9 polevy. Kolem roku 1860 se pern\u00edky zdobily barvotiskov\u00fdmi obr\u00e1zky a n\u00e1pisy a cukrov\u00e1 poleva se omezovala na pouh\u00fd okraj. Pern\u00edky z pout\u00ed a tr\u017ei\u0161\u0165 velmi \u010dasto zn\u00e1zor\u0148ovaly nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty z ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota, nikdy v\u0161ak nem\u011bly tematiku bez vnit\u0159n\u00edho smyslu a m\u011bly pomoci p\u0159em\u011bnit p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed ve skute\u010dnost. V\u00fdb\u011br t\u00e9mat se pln\u011b pod\u0159izoval vkusu a po\u017eadavk\u016fm spot\u0159ebitel\u016f, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b venkovsk\u00e9ho lidu.<\/p>\n

Vybaven\u00ed star\u00e9 pern\u00edk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 d\u00edlny se v mnoh\u00e9m podobalo tehdej\u0161\u00ed pek\u00e1rn\u011b. Z\u00e1kladem byla pec na pe\u010den\u00ed a pot\u00e9 k\u0159eh\u010den\u00ed a su\u0161en\u00ed hotov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. U pece bylo topeni\u0161t\u011b s otev\u0159en\u00fdm ohn\u011bm a na n\u011bm se ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm kotli rozv\u00e1\u0159el med nebo sirob. T\u011bsto se zpracov\u00e1valo v d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch dlaban\u00fdch neck\u00e1ch r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti, v\u00e1lelo se a tvarovalo na v\u00e1lech. K ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed slou\u017eily r\u016fzn\u00e9 police a prkna, na p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 l\u00edsky, o\u0161atky, op\u00e1lky. D\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed d\u00edlny byl sklad mouky s velk\u00fdmi d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi truhlami \u2013 mou\u010dnicemi.<\/p>\n

K prodeji pern\u00edku m\u00edval pern\u00edk\u00e1\u0159 vlastn\u00ed kr\u00e1mek, v\u011bt\u0161inou mal\u00fd a jednodu\u0161e za\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd. V okn\u011b do ulice bylo vystaveno prod\u00e1van\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, uvnit\u0159 b\u00fdval jen pult a truhly na ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pern\u00edku. Na jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvaly lubov\u00e9 \u0161katule. Nechyb\u011bly ani l\u00edsky na k\u0159eh\u010d\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a o\u0161atky na \u00falomky pern\u00edk\u016f. Pern\u00edkov\u00e9 zlomky se n\u011bkdy p\u0159id\u00e1valy zp\u011bt do pern\u00edkov\u00e9ho t\u011bsta. Krom\u011b prodeje ve vlastn\u00edch kr\u00e1mc\u00edch jezdili pern\u00edk\u00e1\u0159i prod\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky na jarmarky a pout\u011b. Od 19.stolet\u00ed jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce nahrazov\u00e1ny pern\u00edky vytla\u010dovan\u00e9 do forem v\u00fdrobky vykrajovan\u00fdmi pomoc\u00ed plechov\u00fdch tvo\u0159\u00edtek. Na jejich povrch jsou nalepov\u00e1ny barvotiskov\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky, staniol, zrc\u00e1tka a ty par\u00e1dy jsou je\u0161t\u011b domalov\u00e1ny cukrovou polevou.<\/p>\n

\u0160t\u011bst\u00ed\u010dka z pouti byly obl\u00edben\u00fdmi suven\u00fdry, kter\u00e9 si z pout\u011b odn\u00e1\u0161eli mlad\u00ed i star\u0161\u00ed. Jednalo se o prost\u00e9 pytl\u00ed\u010dky nebo mal\u00e9 ob\u00e1lky, v kter\u00fdch bylo v\u017edy skryto n\u011bjak\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. Mohly to b\u00fdt t\u0159eba kor\u00e1lky na dr\u00e1tc\u00edch, z kter\u00fdch se mohly tvo\u0159it postavi\u010dky, n\u00e1ramky, n\u00e1ramkov\u00e9 hodinky s namalovan\u00fdm cifern\u00edkem, prst\u00fdnky s r\u016fznobarevn\u00fdm kam\u00ednkem, r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u0161\u0148\u016frky, na nich\u017e byly zav\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 mal\u00e9 talismany – nap\u0159\u00edklad ve tvaru \u010dty\u0159l\u00edstku, srd\u00ed\u010dka nebo slunce.<\/p>\n

Tato \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed\u010dka fungovaly jako nositel \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a byl to z\u00e1rove\u0148 ide\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1rek z pouti, jak pro d\u011bti, tak pro ty, co t\u0159eba pro ty rodinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed na pouti nebyli. Nav\u00edc bylo potom obl\u00edbenou kratochv\u00edl\u00ed jejich spole\u010dn\u00e9 rozbalov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tato \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed\u010dka tak\u00e9 mohla fungovat jako vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed sympati\u00ed mezi mlad\u00fdmi i star\u0161\u00edmi, jako d\u00e1rek z l\u00e1sky. Podle toho, co ve \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed\u010dku bylo, se mohlo i v\u011b\u0161tit. Jednak podle toho, jak to s n\u00e1mi doty\u010dn\u00fd, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m dan\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed\u010dko dal, myslel, nebo pokud jsme si ho vybrali sami, jak\u00e1 cesta nebo co n\u00e1m p\u0159inese nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. A \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed\u010dka m\u011bla je\u0161t\u011b jednu magickou vlastnost, \u010dasto fungovala jako talisman, je\u017e sebou pak doty\u010dn\u00fd nosil.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Historie pern\u00edk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed v \u010cech\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto. archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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