{"id":165698,"date":"2020-08-21T21:00:08","date_gmt":"2020-08-21T20:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=165698"},"modified":"2020-08-21T21:00:08","modified_gmt":"2020-08-21T20:00:08","slug":"stara-sumava-magicka-moc-dozinkoveho-vence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=165698","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Magick\u00e1 moc do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00e9ho v\u011bnce"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00e1
\nZlat\u00e1 je barvou sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed,<\/em>
\n oslavy v\u017edy n\u00e1m rozjasn\u00ed,<\/em>
\n von\u00ed louka, mez i sad,<\/em>
\n kv\u011btiny jdu si natrhat.<\/em><\/h6>\n
Ke kv\u011btu vkl\u00e1d\u00e1m dal\u0161\u00ed kv\u011bt,<\/em>
\n v\u011bnec uviji si hned,<\/em>
\n dnes ozdobit m\u00e1 \u010delo m\u00e9,<\/em>
\n k\u00e9\u017e mil\u00fd si m\u011b pov\u0161imne.<\/em><\/h6>\n
Tan\u010dit chci kolem stromov\u00ed,<\/em>
\n odlesky sv\u011btel m\u011b ozdob\u00ed,<\/em>
\n sm\u00e1t se a zp\u00edvat do r\u00e1na,<\/em>
\n pr\u00e1ce ji\u017e je vykon\u00e1na.<\/em><\/h6>\n

Lidov\u00e1 kultura je cenn\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed, je pam\u011bt\u00ed n\u00e1roda. V dne\u0161n\u00edm materi\u00e1ln\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b pln\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f u\u017e m\u00e1lokdo v\u011b\u0159\u00ed pov\u011br\u00e1m a magick\u00e9 moci r\u016fzn\u00fdch zvykoslovn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1zely \u017eivot \u010dlov\u011bka v minulosti. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b se vyrobily t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, pro kterou byly ur\u010deny. Pokud splnily sv\u016fj \u00fa\u010del, byly znehodnoceny, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sn\u011bzeny. Jen ojedin\u011ble se uchov\u00e1valy del\u0161\u00ed \u010das, v\u011bt\u0161inou nejd\u00e9le rok, nap\u0159\u00edklad to jsou do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00e9 v\u011bnce, sv\u011bcen\u00e9 ratolesti, trnit\u00e9 pruty. Z t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f m\u00e1me jen velice m\u00e1lo dochovan\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed lidov\u00e9 tradice a v podstat\u011b dnes \u00fapln\u011b ztratily svou funkci a p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. P\u0159esto by bylo dob\u0159e, aby se tyto odkazy neztratily ze sv\u011bta……<\/p>\n

Do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd v\u011bnec m\u011bl pro na\u0161e p\u0159edky magickou moc. \u201eByl kruhov\u00fd, p\u0159ipom\u00ednal slunce jako \u017eivotod\u00e1rnou s\u00edlu pro nastalou \u00farodu, tak\u00e9 m\u011bl magick\u00e9 prvky, proto\u017ee sl\u00e1ma symbolizuje slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky vrchol\u00edc\u00edho l\u00e9ta a podle lidov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed vn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed do v\u00e1noc jas, teplo a pohodu. V\u011bncem se d\u011bkovalo za sklizenou \u00farodu a tak\u00e9 m\u011bl b\u00fdt symbolem pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00farody v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce. Byl zdoben kv\u011btinami. Vl\u010d\u00ed m\u00e1ky, chrpy, lu\u010dn\u00ed kv\u00edt\u00ed. M\u011bl m\u00edt plodiny, kter\u00e9 obsahovaly co nejv\u00edc sem\u00ednek jako symbol plodnosti. To byly makovice, o\u0159echy. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech byl zdoben pentlemi nebo cukrov\u00edm.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd v\u011bnec byl v\u017edy upleten z posledn\u00edch st\u00e9bel obiln\u00fdch klas\u016f, kter\u00e9 na poli z\u016fstaly nepose\u010den\u00e9 na samotn\u00e9m konci \u017en\u00ed. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee v t\u011bchto klasech s\u00eddl\u00ed vegeta\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e9monick\u00e1 bytost, duch obil\u00ed, kter\u00fd byl v r\u016fzn\u00fdch kraj\u00edch ozna\u010dov\u00e1n pod jin\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem. Tato bytost v podstat\u011b chr\u00e1nila pole i celou \u00farodu, nesla v sob\u011b magickou plodivou s\u00edlu, kterou bylo nutn\u00e9 uchovat i pro p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok. Proto byl do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd v\u011bnec dozdoben\u00fd poln\u00edm kv\u00edt\u00edm \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm objektem do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fdch slavnost\u00ed, zrno z n\u011bj bylo p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1no k nov\u00e9 setb\u011b n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho roku, v\u011bnec se v\u016fbec t\u011b\u0161il \u00fact\u011b a z\u00e1jmu b\u011bhem nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ob\u0159adn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed prov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch kalend\u00e1\u0159 slovansk\u00e9ho roln\u00edka, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch byla sl\u00e1ma a zrno sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed magick\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f i o \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m dnu.<\/p>\n

Velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v do\u017e\u00ednk\u00e1ch hr\u00e1l posledn\u00ed sklizen\u00fd snop. \u201eM\u011bl b\u00fdt co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee symbolizoval \u00farodu a sklize\u0148 pro hospod\u00e1\u0159e. Snop z\u00edskal ve stodole \u010destn\u00e9 m\u00edsto a byl vyml\u00e1cen a\u017e naposled. Obil\u00ed z n\u011bj se schovalo a pou\u017eilo p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok na set\u00ed pro novou \u00farodu. N\u011bkdy se mu \u0159\u00edkalo star\u00fd, baba, \u017eebr\u00e1k, nev\u011bsta. Byl vezen na posledn\u00edm \u017eeb\u0159i\u0148\u00e1ku, do kter\u00e9ho nastoupila chasa. Na pole n\u011bkdy p\u0159i\u0161li i muzikanti. Takto p\u0159ivezli v\u011bnec i snop hospod\u00e1\u0159i do staven\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edprava do\u017e\u00ednek za\u010d\u00ednala u\u017e t\u00fdden p\u0159edem, kdy za\u010daly d\u011bv\u010data pl\u00e9st v\u011bnec z obil\u00ed. Kdy\u017e byla pr\u00e1ce hotova a byl nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n posledn\u00ed snop na \u017eeb\u0159i\u0148\u00e1k, d\u011bv\u010data jej obl\u00e9kla do star\u0161\u00edch \u017eensk\u00fdch \u0161at\u016f tak, aby p\u0159edstavoval tak zvanou “b\u00e1bu”. Tato “b\u00e1ba” byla posazena na sam\u00fd vrch vozu. D\u00edvky vzaly v\u011bnec z klas\u016f a poln\u00edho kv\u00edt\u00ed a mal\u00e9 v\u011bne\u010dky z t\u00e9ho\u017e materi\u00e1lu upletly pro sebe a ov\u011bn\u010dily si sv\u00e9 hlavy. Velk\u00fd v\u011bnec v\u017edy nesla ta nejv\u00fd\u0159e\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 nejhez\u010d\u00ed \u017ene\u010dka. Podobn\u00fdmi v\u011bne\u010dky byly ov\u011bn\u010deny i hlavy sek\u00e1\u010d\u016f. Pak mohl vyj\u00edt tento pr\u016fvod z pole do dvora hospod\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u016fvodu byly i velmi obl\u00edben\u00e9 \u201e\u017eiv\u00e9 snopy\u201c. V\u011bt\u0161inou je p\u0159edstavovali dva ml\u00e1denci a dv\u011b d\u011bv\u010data. Ti si na sv\u016fj od\u011bv na\u0161ili vrstvy sl\u00e1my, klasy sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edmi od pasu nahoru a op\u011bt od pasu dol\u016f. Na hlav\u011b m\u011bli jednoduch\u00fd v\u011bnec s obil\u00ed. Kdy\u017e mezi n\u011b vstoupil n\u011bkdo ciz\u00ed, ihned jej ov\u00e1zaly pov\u0159\u00edsly a \u017e\u00e1daly tak zvan\u00e9 “v\u00fdkupn\u00e9”, kter\u00e9 bylo ur\u010deno na d\u017eb\u00e1nek medoviny nebo chmeloviny. Ov\u011bn\u010den\u00fd \u017eeb\u0159i\u0148\u00e1k projel v\u017edy p\u0159es n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed a teprve potom do dvora. Celou cestu dom\u00e1c\u00ed selsk\u00e1 chasa se raduje a v\u00fdsk\u00e1 a v\u011bt\u0161inou je tato cesta posledn\u00edho snopu za bujar\u00e9ho vesel\u00ed doprov\u00e1zena i hudbou.<\/p>\n

Do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00e9 buchty. Buchty se mnohdy zad\u011bl\u00e1valy z levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho t\u011bsta, ne\u017eli kol\u00e1\u010de. Pekly se jak v b\u011b\u017en\u00fd den, tak tak\u00e9 ve sv\u00e1tky. Ve sv\u00e1tky se pak na mouce p\u0159ilep\u0161ovalo. Zad\u011bl\u00e1valy se vodou, ml\u00e9kem, podm\u00e1sl\u00edm. Do t\u011bsta se p\u0159id\u00e1valo velmi m\u00e1lo tuku, proto\u017ee se vydatn\u011b mastil plech k pe\u010den\u00ed. V chud\u0161\u00edch oblastech se zad\u011bl\u00e1valy kur\u00e1stvou neboli mlezivem, ml\u00e9kem z prvn\u00edho dojen\u00ed po otelen\u00ed kr\u00e1vy. Sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed buchty se plnily m\u00e1kem, tvarohem, povidly, o\u0159echovou n\u00e1divkou, cel\u00fdmi \u0161vestkami. V \u00farodn\u00e9m doln\u00edm Pojize\u0159\u00ed, kde se da\u0159ilo cukrovce, se pekly buchty pln\u011bn\u00e9 m\u00e1kem, sm\u00edchan\u00fdm s nakr\u00e1jen\u00fdmi kousky cukrov\u00e9 \u0159epy. Podobn\u011b pak chutnaly i mrkvance, buchty pln\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1divkou ze strouhan\u00e9 mrkve, podu\u0161en\u00e9 na m\u00e1sle a opep\u0159en\u00e9. O sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech se pekly i mal\u00e9 buchty, kter\u00e9 byly pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9, pol\u00e9van\u00e9 ovocn\u00fdmi om\u00e1\u010dkami nebo ml\u00e9kem.<\/p>\n

K\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed slavnost do\u017e\u00ednek nep\u0159ijalo do sv\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e, proto\u017ee za hlavn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek roku pokl\u00e1dalo a pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 Velikonoce s jin\u00fdm obsahem. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b prastar\u00e9 tradici se nemohlo \u00fapln\u011b br\u00e1nit, a tak se sv\u00e1tek do\u017e\u00ednek slavil a n\u011bkde dodnes slav\u00ed i v posv\u00e1tn\u00fdch kostelech, Datum b\u00fdv\u00e1 stanoveno na ur\u010ditou ned\u011bli, existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak i m\u00edstn\u00ed odchylky. M\u00edsto ritu\u00e1ln\u00edho uvoln\u011bn\u00ed a o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00e9 sklizn\u011b nastoupilo jej\u00ed po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u00edsto ob\u011bti se konala jak\u00e1si prezentace plodin, slavnost v\u0161ak nebyla nikdy p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zd\u016frazn\u011bna a naopak c\u00edrkev odsuzovala r\u016fzn\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed zvyky a pov\u011bry, kter\u00e9 se k do\u017e\u00ednk\u00e1m pojily.<\/p>\n

Toho ve 20. stolet\u00ed vyu\u017eila nacistick\u00e1 i komunistick\u00e1 propaganda: v N\u011bmecku byl \u201epohansk\u00fd\u201c sv\u00e1tek do\u017e\u00ednek od roku 1934 st\u00e1tn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem a tak\u00e9 u n\u00e1s byly do\u017e\u00ednky po roce 1948 za\u0159azeny mezi tzv. socialistick\u00e9 slavnosti. Vykl\u00e1daly se jako oslava \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, po\u0159\u00e1dala je zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 dru\u017estva nebo i kraje a b\u00fdvaly spojeny s kulturn\u00edm programem.<\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Dana Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1. Tamara Peckov\u00e1: Pod vrbou. Indris Elwinor \u00fapravy provedla Helenia Kukkov\u00e1<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":200919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/21\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-magick\u00e1-moc.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165698"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=165698"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":200920,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165698\/revisions\/200920"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/200919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=165698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=165698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=165698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}