{"id":163322,"date":"2020-06-24T08:28:04","date_gmt":"2020-06-24T07:28:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=163322"},"modified":"2020-06-24T08:28:04","modified_gmt":"2020-06-24T07:28:04","slug":"stara-sumava-krupovodici-zarikavaci-a-zazehnavaci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=163322","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Krupovodi\u010di, za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010di a za\u017eehn\u00e1va\u010di"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Proti kroup\u00e1m a bou\u0159i \u0159\u00edkej toto \u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed: \u201ePo\u010dni Pane Bo\u017ee a j\u00e1 po tv\u00e9 svat\u00e9 milosti. Narodil se kr\u00e1l nebesk\u00fd, rozs\u00e9val na v\u0161ech pol\u00edch, a svat\u00fd Jan poh\u00e1n\u011bl, a svat\u00fd Petr rozs\u00e9val, a svat\u00e1 M\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ob\u011bd vynesla. Tam a\u0165 v\u00e1s kroupy pos\u00edl\u00e1m na trn\u00ed, na hory, na pust\u00e9 lesy, tam se berte, p\u0159ikazuji v\u00e1m moc\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed, svat\u00e9, mil\u00e9 M\u00e1\u0159\u00ed s pomoc\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/h6>\n

Samotn\u00e1 osoba zakl\u00edna\u010de byla op\u0159edena \u0159adou b\u00e1j\u00ed a pov\u011bst\u00ed, lid\u00e9 si ho v\u00e1\u017eili a nikdy si nedovolili jakkoli ho oklamat \u010di o\u0161idit, proto\u017ee p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee je spojen s temn\u00fdmi silami, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee kdykoliv vyu\u017e\u00edt proti nim. Zakl\u00edna\u010d m\u011bl krom\u011b osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 a nezbytn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edkac\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eky celou \u0159adu feti\u0161\u016f a konal celou \u0159adu ochrann\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f a \u00fakon\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly napomoci p\u0159i odv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed mra\u010den a kter\u00e9 mu m\u011bly zajistit pevn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed a vlastn\u00ed ochranu p\u0159i tomto nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9m \u201epovol\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b si mus\u00edme uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee za\u017eehn\u00e1va\u010d a zakl\u00edna\u010d nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy jedna a tat\u00e1\u017e osoba. Je rozd\u00edl mezi zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm a za\u017eehn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010di se v\u011bnuj\u00ed pouze za\u017eehn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a sami o sob\u011b tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed nev\u011bnuj\u00ed a ani to neum\u00ed, jin\u00ed v tom nevid\u00ed rozd\u00edlu. Podobn\u011b nejednozna\u010dn\u00e1 je ot\u00e1zka, zda-li je mor\u00e1ln\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 odv\u00e1d\u011bt mra\u010dna na pust\u00e1 m\u00edsta, nebo pouze mra\u010dna za\u017eehn\u00e1vat, aby nezasypaly \u00farodu na pozemc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 \u017eehnaj\u00edc\u00ed hodl\u00e1 ochr\u00e1nit. Za\u017eehn\u00e1va\u010di u\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159i za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed oby\u010dejn\u011b \u201ehromov\u00fd k\u00e1men\u201c, kter\u00fd b\u00fdval d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Vedle toho u\u017e\u00edvali n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 obl\u00e1zku zabalen\u00e9ho v \u010derven\u00e9 l\u00e1tce. M\u011bl-li m\u00edt takov\u00fd k\u00e1men divotvornou moc, musel b\u00fdt alespo\u0148 rok na strom\u011b (oby\u010dejn\u011b na hru\u0161ce), nesm\u011bl tam v\u0161ak b\u00fdt hozen schv\u00e1ln\u011b a tak\u00e9 se nesm\u011blo v\u011bd\u011bt, kdo ho tam hodil. Na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek se sejmul se stromu, ale ne holou rukou, n\u00fdbr\u017e obalenou v b\u00edl\u00fd \u0161\u00e1tek; potom se obto\u010dil \u010derven\u00fdm suknem.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se l\u00e1tka u\u0161pinila, m\u011bla se vym\u011bnit za \u010distou, a sice v\u017edy na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek, jinak by k\u00e1men moci za\u017eehn\u00e1vac\u00ed pozbyl. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed od\u011bvn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stkou zakl\u00edna\u010de byla ko\u0161ile. Kolem n\u00ed se tak\u00e9 opl\u00e9tala cel\u00e1 \u0159ada pov\u011br. Jak\u00fdkoliv od\u011bv, kter\u00fd obsahoval alespo\u0148 kousek tzv. \u201epa\u0161ijov\u00e9 nit\u011b\u201c, kter\u00e9 se sp\u0159\u00e1daly na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek, m\u011bl ochrannou moc proti zl\u00fdm duch\u016fm. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed moc pak m\u011bla ko\u0161ile u\u0161it\u00e1 z pl\u00e1tna takto up\u0159eden\u00fdch nit\u00ed, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1nila p\u0159ed bleskem.<\/p>\n

Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010d nesm\u011bl nikdy na sebe vz\u00edt ko\u0161ili \u0161krobenou. Jeden zakl\u00edna\u010d z Ji\u010d\u00ednska chr\u00e1nil \u00farodu zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m prov\u00e1d\u011bl jist\u00fd ritu\u00e1l, kter\u00fd nem\u016f\u017ee z\u016fstat bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed. Jde o p\u0159\u00edklad pom\u011brn\u011b unik\u00e1tn\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m
\nko\u0161ile hraje p\u0159\u00edmo hlavn\u00ed roli. Kdy\u017e toti\u017e mu\u017e vid\u011bl, \u017ee ji\u017e je \u010das mra\u010dna zakl\u00ednat, \u201echodil po mezi modle se evangelium. Pak polo\u017eil evangelium na mez, svl\u00e9kl ko\u0161ili a mr\u0161til j\u00ed na zemi. Chvatem sebral evangelium a \u00faprkem, neohl\u00ed\u017eeje se, ut\u00edkal odtud. Hroziv\u00e1 mra\u010dna pr\u00fd vypustila kroupy na odhozenou ko\u0161ili a roztloukla ji na kousky, \u017ee z n\u00ed nez\u016fstala nitka zdrav\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Tak ob\u011btoval d\u011bde\u010dek svou vlastn\u00ed ko\u0161ili, aby odvr\u00e1til hroz\u00edc\u00ed pohromu od rodn\u00e9 d\u011bdinky.\u201c V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech si m\u011bl za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010d vz\u00edt na sebe dlouh\u00fd pl\u00e1t\u011bn\u00fd kab\u00e1t a na hlavu vysok\u00fd klobouk. D\u00e1le si m\u011bl opat\u0159it \u017eitn\u00e9 zrno, kter\u00e9 po t\u0159i roky na k\u0159i\u017eovatce rostlo, takov\u00e9 zrno pr\u00fd prvn\u00ed rok na k\u0159i\u017eovatce kl\u00ed\u010d\u00ed, druh\u00fd rok roste, t\u0159et\u00ed rok nese klas. Kdy\u017e se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed krupobit\u00ed a zakl\u00edna\u010d jde s takov\u00fdm zrnem a\u0165 k \u0159ece, k rybn\u00edku neb k les\u016fm, za\u017eene tam tak\u00e9 krupobit\u00ed. Za\u017eehn\u00e1va\u010d mohl b\u00fdt vybaven i zvone\u010dkem \u010di \u0161kopkem.<\/p>\n

V Po\u0161umav\u00ed m\u011bl zakl\u00edna\u010d, jakmile prvn\u00ed t\u0159i kroupy dopadnou k zemi, vz\u00edt je ze zem\u011b a hned spolknout. Na tu stranu, kam pak rukou m\u00e1vl, na tu kroupy zahnal. Obecn\u00ed past\u00fd\u0159 m\u011bl za povinnost odv\u00e1d\u011bl kroupy n\u00e1sledovn\u011b.: Kdy\u017e p\u0159i bou\u0159ce t\u00e1hly t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 tmav\u00e9 mraky, z nich\u017e se oz\u00fdvalo zn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u0161um\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e bylo sv\u011bdectv\u00edm, \u017ee nesou zk\u00e1zonosn\u00e9 kroupy, ve\u0161el past\u00fd\u0159, aby je vedl nad lesy. P\u0159es sebe p\u0159ehodil b\u00edl\u00e9 prost\u011bradlo, kter\u00fdm byl zakryt nebo\u017et\u00edk, ne\u017e jej dali do rakve. Prost\u011bradlo p\u0159ev\u00e1zal kolem bok\u016f l\u00fdkov\u00fdm provazem (proto\u017ee se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee do l\u00edpy blesk nebije). V ruce m\u011bl starou za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed, \u0161vabachem psanou modlitebn\u00ed knihu po sv\u00e9m otci, tak\u00e9 past\u00fd\u0159i. Pokud byl v obci, mohl j\u00edt norm\u00e1ln\u011b, jak za\u0161el za posledn\u00ed staven\u00ed v obci, musel j\u00edt pozp\u00e1tku, v prav\u00e9 ruce m\u011bl modlitby a levou rukou se po ka\u017ed\u00e9m zabl\u00fdsknut\u00ed pok\u0159i\u017eoval a
\np\u0159i tom za\u017eehn\u00e1val.<\/p>\n

Z\u00edbrt zaznamenal pov\u011bru, kdy si m\u011bl za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010d p\u0159ed zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm vlo\u017eit pod pravou nohu jitrocel. To, \u017ee nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed jen na p\u0159ipravenosti a schopnostech za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010de, n\u00e1m dokumentuje dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kde se dozv\u00edd\u00e1me, \u017ee kroupy nepadaj\u00ed jen tak nazda\u0159b\u016fh, ale \u017ee po ka\u017ed\u00e9m provin\u011bn\u00ed, mus\u00ed n\u00e1sledovat trest a nen\u00ed v sil\u00e1ch zakl\u00edna\u010de takovou bou\u0159i odv\u00e9st, ale v ur\u010dit\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ji lze aspo\u0148 \u00famluvou usm\u011brnit.<\/p>\n

Jeden krupovodi\u010d sna\u017eil se stra\u0161n\u00e9 krupobit\u00ed od poln\u00edho osen\u00ed na pust\u00e9 hory odvr\u00e1titi. Z toho stra\u0161n\u00e9ho mra\u010dna na\u0148 cosi volalo: “Marn\u00e1 snaha tvoje! Pus\u0165! Nezadr\u017e\u00ed\u0161, zavinila jedna baba, co na sv. Marka na hol\u00e9m pecisku pekla placky!\u2018<\/em> Kdy\u017e to na\u0148 do t\u0159etice tak volalo, pravil zakl\u00edna\u010d: “Neu\u0161ko\u010f nevinn\u00fdm lidem, ale vyzna\u010d babu, kter\u00e1 zavinila!”<\/em> Na\u010de\u017e na poli t\u00e9 baby napadlo krup na mandel zv\u00fd\u0161e a na jin\u00fdch pol\u00edch osen\u00ed beze \u0161kody ostalo.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u011bt\u0161inou op\u00edraj\u00ed o bibli. Pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto b\u00fdv\u00e1 citov\u00e1no evangelium sv. Jana. O velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9m \u00fakolu za\u017eehn\u00e1va\u010de sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed \u010dasto velmi rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 d\u00e9lka obsahu. Jednotliv\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eky obsahovaly patrn\u011b v\u00edce r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed zapsan\u00fdch k sob\u011b. Je tedy mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010d v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jedn\u00e9 modlitby, byl nucen pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchu vyu\u017e\u00edt za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00e9. Z anal\u00fdzy jednotliv\u00fdch dochovan\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 vysv\u00edt\u00e1, \u017ee za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vac\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eky mezi lidmi kolovaly a byly pro pot\u0159ebu opisov\u00e1ny, tedy jedna a tat\u00e1\u017e varianta se mohla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it na v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed. Pom\u011brn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017enou v\u011bc\u00ed je v\u0161ak sice minim\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale patrn\u00e1 prom\u011bna zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Je pochopiteln\u00e9 i pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159i opisu mohl ud\u011blat p\u00edsa\u0159 chybu, byli bychom v\u00edce p\u0159ekvapeni, kdybychom \u017e\u00e1dnou chybu nena\u0161li. To by ale z hlediska pov\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9ho lidu a jeho p\u0159edstavy m\u011blo zcela nepochybn\u011b nedoz\u00edrn\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky. Prakticky v ka\u017ed\u00e9 pov\u011bsti \u010di vzpom\u00ednce na za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se setk\u00e1me s faktem, \u017ee pokud by se za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010d jen o jedin\u00e9 sl\u016fvko p\u0159e\u0159ekl, \u010di se jen zadrhl, kroupy m\u011bly utlouct jak za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010de tak bl\u00edzk\u00fd kraj. Takov\u00fd \u0161patn\u00fd p\u00edsa\u0159 by pak zcela ur\u010dit\u011b za svou chybu zaplatil. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak drobn\u00e9 obm\u011bny ve stejn\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00edme…<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Turek, K.: Zvon\u011bn\u00ed proti mra\u010dn\u016fm v m\u011bst\u011b Su\u0161ici. \u010cesk\u00fd lid 28, 1928, Z\u00e1vrt, \u010c.: Staro\u010desk\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed oby\u010deje, pov\u011bry, slavnosti a z\u00e1bavy proston\u00e1rodn\u00ed, . Smola, J.: Zakl\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed mra\u010den, Tepl\u00fd, F.: O mocn\u00fdch modlitb\u00e1ch a po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed proti bou\u0159ce, Antl, V.: Zpr\u00e1vy starod\u00e1vn\u00e9 o \u010d\u00e1rech a kouzlech. \u010cesk\u00fd lid 21, 1912<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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