{"id":161754,"date":"2023-06-21T14:49:29","date_gmt":"2023-06-21T13:49:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=161754"},"modified":"2023-06-21T14:49:29","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T13:49:29","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-vlci-maky-sarlatove-cervene-sperky-nasich-poli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=161754","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Vl\u010d\u00ed m\u00e1ky, \u0161arlatov\u011b \u010derven\u00e9 \u0161perky na\u0161ich pol\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Po dlouh\u00e9 zim\u011b nic nepot\u011b\u0161\u00ed na\u0161e smysly tolik jako p\u0159\u00edroda v pln\u00e9m kv\u011btu. Poj\u010fte se vydat do m\u00edst, kter\u00e9 se mohou py\u0161nit jedine\u010dnou z\u00e1plavou kv\u011btinov\u00e9ho kouzla.<\/h6>\n

Kdy\u017e se zjara z prvn\u00edch poup\u00e1tek rozvinou n\u011b\u017en\u00e9, pestrobarevn\u00e9 kv\u011bty do cel\u00e9 sv\u00e9 kr\u00e1sy, je to pastva pro o\u010di a pohlazen\u00ed po du\u0161i. Tohle kouzeln\u00e9 obdob\u00ed v\u0161ak bohu\u017eel netrv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho. Pokud se v\u00e1m ale poda\u0159\u00ed b\u00fdt ve spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010das na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, m\u016f\u017eete si dosyta vychutnat podmanivou kr\u00e1su rozkvetl\u00fdch strom\u016f, luk \u010di pol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed ale nutn\u00e9 hned podnikat dlouhou cestu do vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch zem\u00ed. I kousek za prahem va\u0161eho domova jist\u011b \u010dek\u00e1 \u010darovn\u00e1 kvetouc\u00ed pod\u00edvan\u00e1. Z \u010desk\u00e9ho herb\u00e1\u0159e z roku 1899 se \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 dozv\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: \u201eM\u00e1k vl\u010d\u00ed (Papaver rhoeas), p\u011bkn\u00e1, ale na pol\u00edch nemil\u00e1 bylina. Cel\u00e1 rostlina m\u00e1 v\u016fni nep\u0159\u00edjemnou; \u0161\u0165\u00e1vou z n\u00ed barv\u00ed se ln\u011bn\u00e9 a vln\u011bn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky \u010derven\u011b. [\u2026] Z m\u00e1ku p\u0159ipravuje se olej velmi dobr\u00fd. M\u00e1k pot\u0159ebuje se k rozli\u010dn\u00fdm pokrm\u016fm. Makovice va\u0159en\u00e9 ve vod\u011b neb ml\u00e9ce d\u00e1vaj\u00ed se d\u011btem, by spaly, co\u017e m\u00edv\u00e1 zl\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky.\u201c<\/p>\n

Na pol\u00edch flandersk\u00fdch vl\u010d\u00ed m\u00e1ky vlaj\u00ed<\/em>
\nrud\u011b mezi k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, kter\u00e9 znamenaj\u00ed,<\/em>
\nza \u0159adou \u0159ada, n\u00e1\u0161 hrob; pod b\u00e1n\u00ed modravou<\/em>
\nsk\u0159ivani v letu d\u00e1l trylkuj\u00ed s odvahou<\/em>
\nby\u0165 dole v\u0159ava d\u011bl zp\u011bv jejich sluchu taj\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

My mrtvi jsme. A\u010d je\u0161t\u011b v\u010dera tu v kraji<\/em>
\njsme \u017eiv\u00ed vid\u011bli slunko vst\u00e1t a jak barvy z\u00e1padu si hraj\u00ed,<\/em>
\nmilovali jsme a milov\u00e1ni byli, te\u010f poh\u0159beni jsme pod tr\u00e1vou<\/em>
\nna pol\u00edch flandersk\u00fdch.<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed nep\u0159\u00edtelem vy nyn\u00ed hle\u010fte v\u011bc na\u0161i h\u00e1jit:<\/em>
\nmy jsme kdo z rukou ochabl\u00fdch v\u00e1m p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed<\/em>
\nz\u00e1pasu pochode\u0148; vysoko neste ji nad hlavou.<\/em>
\nNezachov\u00e1te-li n\u00e1m padl\u00fdm v\u011brnost svou<\/em>
\nmy sp\u00e1nku nedojdem, by\u0165 nad\u00e1l vl\u010d\u00ed m\u00e1ky zraj\u00ed<\/em>
\nna pol\u00edch flandersk\u00fdch.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kdo by neznal ve\u010dern\u00ed\u010dek O makov\u00e9 panence, kter\u00fd vznikl podle n\u00e1m\u011btu spisovatele V\u00e1clava \u010ctvrtka. Suk\u00fdnka z \u010derven\u00fdch korunn\u00edch l\u00edstk\u016f, t\u011bl\u00ed\u010dko z nezral\u00e9 makovi\u010dky a \u010dern\u00e9 vl\u00e1sky symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dek \u010dern\u00fdch ty\u010dinek v kv\u011btu t\u00e9to kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 rostliny. Kv\u011bty vl\u010d\u00edho m\u00e1ku inspirovaly i \u0159adu mal\u00ed\u0159\u016f a fotograf\u016f, proto\u017ee jak samotn\u00fd \u0161arlatov\u011b \u010derven\u00fd kv\u011bt, tak jejich z\u00e1plava t\u0159eba v zanedban\u00e9m obiln\u00e9m poli poskytuje opravdu \u00fachvatn\u00fd pohled.<\/p>\n

Vl\u010d\u00ed m\u00e1k pat\u0159\u00ed k takzvan\u00fdm pion\u00fdrsk\u00fdm rostlin\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 jako prvn\u00ed osidluj\u00ed zni\u010den\u00e9 a zdevastovan\u00e9 oblasti, jako jsou b\u00fdval\u00e1 staveni\u0161t\u011b, takzvan\u00e1 rumi\u0161t\u011b a podobn\u011b. D\u00edky nim se tato m\u00edsta st\u00e1vaj\u00ed op\u011bt obyvateln\u00fdmi a vrac\u00ed se do nich \u017eivot. Vn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed tak p\u0159irozen\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d do chaosu vznikl\u00e9ho lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed nebo p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofou. M\u00e1k je z\u00e1rove\u0148 i symbolem sebeob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee krajinu, do kter\u00e9 pomohl vr\u00e1tit \u017eivot, nakonec nevyhnuteln\u011b ovl\u00e1dnou siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vytrvalej\u0161\u00ed rostliny, kter\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 m\u00e1ky nen\u00e1vratn\u011b vy\u017eenou.<\/p>\n

V minulosti se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost vl\u010d\u00edho m\u00e1ku na poli zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed kvalitu obil\u00ed. B\u00fdval proto spolu se symbolickou trochou zrn\u00ed ob\u011btov\u00e1n bohyni Ceres. Ta byla podle pov\u011bsti \u010dasto unaven\u00e1 a tak b\u016fh sp\u00e1nku Somnus stvo\u0159il m\u00e1k, aby j\u00ed p\u0159inesl odpo\u010dinek. Pro \u0158\u00edmany byla semena m\u00e1ku pochutinou, \u0158ekov\u00e9 zase jedli \u010derstv\u00e9 l\u00edstky jako sal\u00e1t. M\u00e1k se rovn\u011b\u017e pou\u017e\u00edval jako symbol vzpom\u00ednky a to d\u00edky jeho schopnosti rychle pokr\u00fdt \u010derstv\u011b naru\u0161enou p\u016fdu.<\/p>\n

Lidov\u00e9 pov\u011bry tradovali, \u017ee semena vl\u010d\u00edho m\u00e1ku zvy\u0161uj\u00ed plodnost a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed. Pokud se jeho semena p\u0159idaj\u00ed do pokrmu, p\u0159ivol\u00e1v\u00e1 l\u00e1sku. A\u010dkoliv jde v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jen o lidov\u00e9 pov\u011bry, jist\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky nelze vl\u010d\u00edmu m\u00e1ku up\u0159\u00edt. Dokonce ho kdysi hojn\u011b lid\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaly jako p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs do d\u011btsk\u00fdch ka\u0161i\u010dek pro jejich lep\u0161\u00ed sp\u00e1nek \u010di jako prost\u0159edek proti nespavosti. Kv\u011bty jsou tak\u00e9 \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny ve farmacii a v potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed jako barvivo.<\/p>\n

Korunn\u00ed l\u00edstky m\u00e1ku vl\u010d\u00edho se ji\u017e od d\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti vyu\u017e\u00edvaly na l\u00e9\u010dbu plicn\u00edch chorob a jako usp\u00e1vac\u00ed prost\u0159edek, ve st\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed se z nich vyr\u00e1b\u00ed tak\u00e9 sirup. Listy jsou v\u0161ak m\u00edrn\u011b jedovat\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm, kter\u00e1 je poz\u0159ou, m\u016f\u017eou zp\u016fsobit za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee. P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 alkaloidy m\u00edrn\u011b ti\u0161\u00ed bolest a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed uklidn\u011bn\u00ed, rhoeadin vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 k\u0159e\u010de. P\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed se otrava projevuje zvracen\u00edm, \u00fanavou, bolest\u00ed b\u0159icha, v t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech se dostavuj\u00ed k\u0159e\u010de a bezv\u011bdom\u00ed. M\u00e1k vl\u010d\u00ed byl v minulosti u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako n\u00e1hra\u017eka opia.<\/p>\n

Historie v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b na boji\u0161t\u00edch a na hrobech padl\u00fdch jako symbol krve v\u017edy vyra\u0161\u00ed rud\u00e9 vl\u010d\u00ed m\u00e1ky. P\u0159\u00edroda to sama tak za\u0159izuje, \u017ee vl\u010d\u00ed m\u00e1ky kvetou v dob\u011b, kdy ostatn\u00ed rostliny v okol\u00ed ji\u017e ne. Jejich sem\u00ednka dlouho odpo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v p\u016fd\u011b, a pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u016fda na boji\u0161t\u00edch zbr\u00e1zd\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00fdbuchy, s p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed v\u00e1pence ze zdevastovan\u00fdch budov, p\u016fsob\u00ed jako katalyz\u00e1tor pro vyra\u0161en\u00ed rud\u00fdch kv\u011bt\u016f. \u010cerven\u00fd a\u017e rum\u011blkov\u00fd kv\u011bt s tmavou skvrnou se v historii stal symbolem nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota, vyr\u016fstal na hrobech voj\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed padli zejm\u00e9na v tragick\u00fdch boj\u00edch 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n

Byliny m\u00e1ku spat\u0159il vyr\u016fstat z hrob\u016f a z\u00e1kop\u016f tak\u00e9 kanadsk\u00fd chirurg, podplukovn\u00edk John McCrae, vojensk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159. Proto\u017ee o\u0161et\u0159oval mnoho zran\u011bn\u00fdch a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed sv\u00fdm zran\u011bn\u00edm podlehli, mezi nimi i jeho nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed kamar\u00e1di, za\u017e\u00edval velmi bolestivou situaci. Tehdy se nach\u00e1zel v Evrop\u011b, na z\u00e1padn\u00ed front\u011b ve Flandrech. A\u010d to dnes tak siln\u011b nevn\u00edm\u00e1me, vojensk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byly obrovsk\u00e9 a t\u00fdkaly se prakticky cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, proto\u017ee v arm\u00e1d\u00e1ch tehdy je\u0161t\u011b koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch mocnost\u00ed slou\u017eili i poddan\u00ed, jejich\u017e domovina byla tis\u00edce mil vzd\u00e1lena evropsk\u00fdm z\u00e1kop\u016fm. V\u0161ak i seznamy na\u0161ich padl\u00fdch, z \u0159ad rakousko-uhersk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy i \u010ds. legi\u00ed, nalezneme dosud skoro na ka\u017ed\u00e9 n\u00e1vsi. Dom\u016f se u\u017e nevr\u00e1tilo nejm\u00e9n\u011b 150 000 \u010cech\u016f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> b\u00e1se\u0148 My nebudeme sp\u00e1t – John McCrae, Korbel\u00e1\u0159 Jaroslav; Endris Zden\u011bk – Na\u0161e rostliny v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, Avicenum, 1981<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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  Po <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":281597,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/21\/ram-vlci-maky.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161754"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=161754"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":281596,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161754\/revisions\/281596"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/281597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=161754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=161754"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=161754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}