{"id":161058,"date":"2023-03-19T13:35:23","date_gmt":"2023-03-19T12:35:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=161058"},"modified":"2023-03-19T13:36:53","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T12:36:53","slug":"stara-sumava-o-reci-ceske","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=161058","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O \u0159e\u010di \u010desk\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-161060 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/26\/O-\u0158E\u010cI-\u010cESK\u00c9.....jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/26\/O-\u0158E\u010cI-\u010cESK\u00c9.....jpg 960w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/26\/O-\u0158E\u010cI-\u010cESK\u00c9....-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/26\/O-\u0158E\u010cI-\u010cESK\u00c9....-768x426.jpg 768w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/26\/O-\u0158E\u010cI-\u010cESK\u00c9....-644x357.jpg 644w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/26\/O-\u0158E\u010cI-\u010cESK\u00c9....-872x483.jpg 872w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><em>\u201e\u010ce\u0161tina je kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d. Ona m\u00e1 obrovskou plej\u00e1du slov pro oby\u010dejn\u00fd v\u011bci. T\u0159eba kula\u0165ou\u010dk\u00e9 jabl\u00ed\u010dko. To ne\u0159eknete jinou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed. Angli\u010dan mus\u00ed \u0159\u00edc<span class=\"text_exposed_show\">t \u00b4a litte round apple\u00b4, mal\u00e9 kulat\u00e9 jablko\u2026 Tomu p\u0159ece chyb\u00ed barva i v\u016fn\u011b.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><span class=\"text_exposed_show\">Jan Werich, \u010desk\u00fd herec, dramatik a spisovatel 1905 &#8211; 1980<\/span><\/h6>\n<div class=\"text_exposed_show\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Na po\u010d\u00e1tku v\u0161ech v\u011bc\u00ed pr\u00fd bylo slovo, vysloven\u00e9 Bohem: je v tom v\u00fdznamn\u00fd jinotaj. \u017del, bohu\u017eel, ano, t\u00e9mu\u017e Bohu \u017eel &#8211; na konci v\u0161ech v\u011bc\u00ed bude z\u0159ejm\u011b zase slovo &#8211; slovo, poka\u017een\u00e9, znehodnocen\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bkem. K\u00e9\u017e bych byl jen zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm pesimistou, soud\u00edm-li, \u017ee se ta doba &#8211; dokonce za potlesku publika &#8211; bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>To, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 jazyk psan\u00fd \u010di mluven\u00fd hrubne, st\u00e1le v\u00edce se vzdaluje p\u0159edstav\u011b o kr\u00e1se \u010di dokonce libozvu\u010dnosti, ale i obecn\u00e9 srozumitelnosti a dal\u0161\u00edm hodnot\u00e1m ct\u011bn\u00fdm p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi generacemi, je u prost\u00e9ho lidu obecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9. Pon\u011bkud nesm\u011ble, \u010di sm\u011ble, bych se v\u0161ak zeptal: Jsou to opravdu, \u201eale opravdu\u201c ty prav\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny stavu \u010desk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di? Nebudu se sna\u017eit o chytrost p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdi, p\u0159ipomenu jen slova Karla \u010capka: \u201eTam, kde sk\u0159\u00edp\u00e1 a vr\u017ee \u0159e\u010d, sk\u0159\u00edp\u00e1 a hara\u0161\u00ed n\u011bco v hlubok\u00e9m byt\u00ed lidu: ka\u017ed\u00e1 nechutnost a jalovost \u0159e\u010di, ka\u017ed\u00e1 fr\u00e1ze a o\u0161um\u011blost je symptomem n\u011b\u010deho zka\u017een\u00e9ho v kolektivn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u010cesk\u00e1 \u0159e\u010di, jazyku z nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch mezi v\u0161emi, jazyku z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch v\u0161emi v\u00fdznamy a odst\u00edny, \u0159e\u010di nejdokonalej\u0161\u00ed, nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nejkadencovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech \u0159e\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1m nebo jsem sly\u0161el mluvit. Cht\u011bl bych um\u011bt napsat v\u0161e, co dovede\u0161 vyj\u00e1d\u0159it; cht\u011bl bych u\u017e\u00edt aspo\u0148 jedinkr\u00e1t v\u0161ech kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch, ur\u010dit\u00fdch, \u017eivouc\u00edch slov, kter\u00e1 jsou v tob\u011b. Nikdy jsi mi neselhala; jen j\u00e1 jsem selh\u00e1val, nenach\u00e1zeje ve sv\u00e9 tvrd\u00e9 hlav\u011b dosti v\u011bdom\u00ed, dosti povzletu, dosti pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, abych to v\u0161e p\u0159esn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159il. Musel bych \u017e\u00edt ster\u00fdm \u017eivotem, abych t\u011b pln\u011b poznal; doposud nikdo neshl\u00e9dl v\u0161e, co jsi; je\u0161t\u011b jsi p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi, tajemn\u00e1, p\u0159ekypuj\u00edc\u00ed a pln\u00e1 dalek\u00fdch v\u00fdhled\u016f, budouc\u00ed v\u011bdom\u00ed n\u00e1roda, kter\u00fd vzestupuje&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Kdekter\u00fd \u017e\u00e1\u010dek obecn\u00e9 \u0161koly se dov\u00ed, co znamenal a znamen\u00e1 pro n\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1rod, pro jeho osobitost a jej\u00ed z\u00e1chranu jazyk \u010desk\u00fd v minulosti i nyn\u00ed i pro budoucnost, jin\u00fdmi slovy, co n\u00e1m dala na\u0161e mate\u0159\u0161tina, ji\u017e jsme v posledn\u00edch des\u00edtilet\u00edch vyt\u0159\u00edbili a vybrousili na \u00farove\u0148 nejkulturn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f sv\u011btov\u00fdch. M\u011bli bychom si tedy uv\u011bdomiti i druhou stranu tohoto \u00fa\u010dtu a pochopiti kone\u010dn\u011b, \u010d\u00edm my jsme povinni jazyku \u010desk\u00e9mu. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jist\u011b aspo\u0148 \u00factou k jeho pr\u00e1vu na \u010distotu v \u00fastech i perech \u010desk\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Komolit, mrza\u010dit, ub\u00edjet a t\u00edm zesm\u011b\u0161\u0148ovat a tupit \u010de\u0161tinu je zlo\u010din a velezrada na jednom z nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch statk\u016f n\u00e1roda a jeho kultury.<\/p>\n<p>Spisovn\u00e1 \u010de\u0161tina se za\u010dala utv\u00e1\u0159et ve 12. stolet\u00ed. Jej\u00edm z\u00e1kladem se stalo st\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0159e\u010d\u00ed, j\u00edm\u017e se mluvilo v Praze a okol\u00ed. V prvn\u00edm stolet\u00ed sv\u00e9 existence slou\u017eila ov\u0161em spisovn\u00e1 \u010de\u0161tina pouze nepo\u010detn\u00e9 vrstv\u011b duchovenstva a \u0161lechty. P\u0159esto\u017ee je \u010cesk\u00e1 republika malinkat\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, mluv\u00ed se zde r\u016fzn\u00fdmi n\u00e1\u0159e\u010d\u00edmi. Jedna v\u011bta se d\u00e1 \u0159\u00edci hned n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby, a dokonce se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee \u010cech \u010cechovi v\u016fbec nemus\u00ed rozum\u011bt! Tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1\u0159e\u010d\u00ed dnes pomalu zanikaj\u00ed, v aktivn\u00edm hovoru se udr\u017euj\u00ed mezi star\u0161\u00ed generac\u00ed na venkov\u011b, mlad\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 je u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako svou \u201erodinnou mluvu\u201c p\u0159i konverzaci se sv\u00fdmi star\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi, v hovorech \u201eo v\u011bcech denn\u00ed pot\u0159eby\u201c. Nepoeticky \u0159e\u010deno je dialekt nespisovn\u00fd jazyk omezen\u00fd teritori\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Variace jazyka \u010desk\u00e9ho se utv\u00e1\u0159ela v dob\u011b, kdy lid\u00e9 byli v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b uzav\u0159eni ve sv\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 necestovali. Dnes tuto mluvu ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jen nejstar\u0161\u00ed pam\u011btn\u00edci a je ot\u00e1zka, jak dok\u00e1\u017eou odolat st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm globaliza\u010dn\u00edm tlak\u016fm. Doufejme, \u017ee u\u017e je pry\u010d doba, kdy se lid\u00e9 za sv\u016fj dialekt styd\u011bli, proto\u017ee pak by to bylo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00ed, jak\u00e9 si je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edstavit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroj:<\/strong> CU\u0158\u00cdN Fr.: V\u00fdvoj \u010desk\u00e9ho jazyka a dialektologie. Praha 1975, Karel \u010capek &#8211; CHV\u00c1LA \u0158E\u010cI \u010cESK\u00c9, Jaroslav O. Hru\u0161ka, Na ochranu a povznesen\u00ed jazyka \u010desk\u00e9ho. \u00bb\u010cesk\u00e9 hovory\u00ab<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u201e\u010ce\u0161tina <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":275329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/19\/ram-o-reci.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161058"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=161058"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161058\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":275331,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161058\/revisions\/275331"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/275329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=161058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=161058"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=161058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}