{"id":159412,"date":"2020-05-13T07:40:08","date_gmt":"2020-05-13T06:40:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=159412"},"modified":"2020-05-13T07:40:08","modified_gmt":"2020-05-13T06:40:08","slug":"stara-sumava-o-svatbe-v-maji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=159412","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O svatb\u011b v m\u00e1ji"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se: \u201cPo svatb\u011b v kv\u011btnu odlet\u00ed l\u00e1ska stejn\u011b jako kv\u011bty z t\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed.”<\/em> Slavit prvn\u00ed m\u00e1j, l\u00edbat se pod rozkvetlou t\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed, proch\u00e1zet se ruku v ruce kvetouc\u00ed loukou, poslouchat zp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed pt\u00e1ky, op\u00e1jet se slun\u00ed\u010dkem, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edr\u00e1 na s\u00edle.<\/h6>\n

Tohle v\u0161echno je okol\u00edm p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1no s ch\u00e1pav\u00fdm \u00fasm\u011bvem, ov\u0161em zmi\u0148te se o kv\u011btnov\u00e9m term\u00ednu svatby a \u010d\u00e1st va\u0161ich p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch a zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jist\u011b nahod\u00ed to nemysl\u00edte v\u00e1\u017en\u011b obli\u010dej a spust\u00ed lamentaci o stra\u0161n\u00e9 sm\u016fle, kter\u00e1 V\u00e1s po m\u00e1jov\u00e9 svatb\u011b \u010dek\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00faseky lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, a\u0165 u\u017e v ob\u010dansk\u00e9m \u010di c\u00edrkevn\u00edm roce, jsou i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k mnoh\u00e9mu ob\u0159adn\u00e9mu kon\u00e1n\u00ed, ke sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm ritu\u00e1l\u016fm, jejich\u017e podkladem je n\u011bkdy zbo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00edra, n\u011bkdy naivn\u00ed pov\u011bra. K\u0159est, svatba a poh\u0159eb jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi \u017eivotn\u00edmi mezn\u00edky u\u017e proto, \u017ee t\u011bm, kdo se dennodenn\u011b plaho\u010d\u00ed v potu tv\u00e1\u0159e, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed dop\u0159\u00e1t si ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das klidu a dost\u00e1t povinnostem, jim\u017e dost\u00e1t vy\u017eaduje n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed \u010di mrav.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i svatb\u00e1ch se dodr\u017euje mnoho zvyk\u016f a pov\u011br. Mnoh\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob a tehdy byly p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b dodr\u017eov\u00e1ny a br\u00e1ny v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Velk\u00e1 v\u00e1ha se d\u00e1vala na zvyky, kter\u00e9 ochra\u0148ovaly p\u0159ed nemocemi, hladem, smrt\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, p\u0159ed h\u00e1dkami a rozpory, nedostatkem l\u00e1sky a porozum\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi duchy, kte\u0159\u00ed byli pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za p\u016fvod v\u011bt\u0161iny tr\u00e1pen\u00ed. Dru\u017ei\u010dky se m\u011bly v minulosti co nejv\u00edce podobat nev\u011bst\u011b a t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem m\u011bly zm\u00e1st zl\u00e9 duchy, aby nepoznaly, kter\u00e1 z d\u00edvek je nev\u011bsta a nemohli nad n\u00ed \u201ep\u00e1chat zl\u00e9 moci\u201c. \u010casto se jednalo o mlad\u00e9 d\u00edvky, panny, z rodiny nev\u011bsty nebo alespo\u0148 ze stejn\u00e9 vesnice.<\/p>\n

I pro Karla Hynka M\u00e1chu byl kv\u011bten l\u00e1sky \u010das. Pro\u010d ov\u0161em byli na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 tolik proti tomu, aby si v tomto m\u011bs\u00edci zamilovan\u00e9 p\u00e1ry odp\u0159is\u00e1hli l\u00e1sku na cel\u00fd \u017eivot? Jist\u011b u\u017e jste od va\u0161ich babi\u010dek nejednou sly\u0161eli ok\u0159\u00eddlenou v\u011btu Svatba v m\u00e1ji, do roka m\u00e1ry, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b Svatba v m\u00e1ji, nev\u011bsta na m\u00e1ry. \u010cesk\u00e9 matriky skute\u010dn\u011b b\u011bhem kv\u011btna zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejmen\u0161\u00ed po\u010det uzav\u0159en\u00fdch s\u0148atk\u016f za cel\u00fd rok. Z n\u011bkolik stovek let star\u00fdch c\u00edrkevn\u00edch kronik lze vy\u010d\u00edst tvrd\u00e1 fakta, a to takov\u00e1, \u017ee \u00famrtnost u m\u00e1jov\u00fdch (komplexn\u011b vzato jarn\u00edch) nev\u011bst byla skute\u010dn\u011b prokazateln\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e u nev\u011bst letn\u00edch \u010di podzimn\u00edch. Jak v\u016fbec tato pov\u011bra, kter\u00e1 je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na historick\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti, je\u017e je v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b pas\u00e9, vznikla?<\/p>\n

Pov\u011bra Svatba v m\u00e1ji, do roka m\u00e1ry. vznikla nejsp\u00ed\u0161 v 18. nebo 19. stolet\u00ed. Tehdy bylo je\u0161t\u011b samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee se p\u00e1r poprv\u00e9 miluje o svatebn\u00ed noci. A pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy mohla \u017eena ot\u011bhotn\u011bt. D\u00edt\u011b po\u010dat\u00e9 o kv\u011btnov\u00e9 noci by se tak narodilo v \u00fanoru. Jeliko\u017e tehdy byli lid\u00e9 z\u00e1visl\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a jej\u00edch prom\u011bn\u00e1ch, d\u00edt\u011b by p\u0159i\u0161lo na sv\u011bt zrovna na sklonku zimy \u2013 tedy v dob\u011b, kdy\u017e u\u017e se lidem v s\u00fdpk\u00e1ch v\u00fdrazn\u011b ten\u010dily z\u00e1soby j\u00eddla. Hrozilo proto, \u017ee organismus rodi\u010dky mohl b\u00fdt po zim\u011b zna\u010dn\u011b vy\u010derpan\u00fd hladov\u011bn\u00edm a na porod u\u017e nemusela m\u00edt dost sil. Mohla tak p\u0159i porodu zem\u0159\u00edt vys\u00edlen\u00edm \u2013 podobn\u011b jako jej\u00ed miminko. Kv\u011btnov\u00e9 nev\u011bsty se v\u0161ak v minulosti nehrozily pouze smrti p\u0159i porodu, ale jeliko\u017e musely od jara do podzimu tvrd\u011b pracovat tak\u00e9 na poli, byl pro n\u011b velk\u00fdm stra\u0161\u00e1kem i samovoln\u00fd potrat. To je ale hodn\u011b d\u00e1vn\u00e1 historie, tak\u017ee dnes m\u00e1jov\u00fdm svatb\u00e1m snad u\u017e nic nebr\u00e1n\u00ed!<\/p>\n

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Zdroj: Historie svateb, Svatebn\u00ed zvyky a pov\u011bry<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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