{"id":158964,"date":"2020-05-04T06:42:37","date_gmt":"2020-05-04T05:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=158964"},"modified":"2020-05-04T06:42:37","modified_gmt":"2020-05-04T05:42:37","slug":"stara-sumava-studentsky-majales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=158964","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Studentsk\u00fd maj\u00e1les"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-158965 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/02\/O-STUDENTSK\u00c9M-MAJ\u00c1LESU..jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/02\/O-STUDENTSK\u00c9M-MAJ\u00c1LESU..jpg 960w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/02\/O-STUDENTSK\u00c9M-MAJ\u00c1LESU.-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/02\/O-STUDENTSK\u00c9M-MAJ\u00c1LESU.-768x426.jpg 768w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/02\/O-STUDENTSK\u00c9M-MAJ\u00c1LESU.-644x357.jpg 644w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/02\/O-STUDENTSK\u00c9M-MAJ\u00c1LESU.-872x483.jpg 872w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6>Hled\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodu oslav studentsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota a jara zavede badatele a\u017e do dob \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 tehdy prvn\u00ed kv\u011btnov\u00fd den oslavovali bohyni jara a plodnosti Maiu, matku zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edho boha Merkura. M\u011bsto Ostia nedaleko \u0158\u00edma, kde se konaly hlavn\u00ed oslavy, bylo vyzdoben\u00e9 kv\u011btinami a v\u011btvi\u010dkami s ovocem a sladkostmi a \u017eilo vesel\u00edm.<\/h6>\n<p>Slovo maialis znamen\u00e1 v latin\u011b vykle\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd vep\u0159, kter\u00fd byl bohyni Maie ob\u011btov\u00e1n. Jedn\u00e1 se o tradi\u010dn\u00ed kv\u011btnovou studentskou slavnost, jej\u00ed\u017e tradice sah\u00e1 a\u017e do st\u0159edov\u011bku. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku kv\u011btna proch\u00e1z\u00ed ulicemi m\u011bsta pr\u016fvod masek a alegorick\u00fdch voz\u016f, tvo\u0159en\u00fd studenty univerzit a vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol. Svoje putov\u00e1n\u00ed zakon\u010d\u00ed na p\u0159edem stanoven\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, kde za\u010dne studentsk\u00e1 veselice spojen\u00e1 s volbou kr\u00e1le. Kr\u00e1l by m\u011bl b\u00fdt oporou studentstva pro cel\u00fd n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok. Ke zvolen\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 jak pov\u011bst kandid\u00e1ta, jeho n\u00e1paditost ve volb\u011b masky a alegorick\u00e9ho vozu, tak v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b jeho volebn\u00ed proslov.<\/p>\n<p>Nejstar\u0161\u00ed doklad o stav\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1j\u016f je z roku 1422, kdy za postaven\u00ed m\u00e1je dostal hoch ruku d\u011bv\u010dete. V 15. stolet\u00ed se p\u0159ed rathauzem m\u00e1je stav\u011bly \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b, p\u0159ed domy soukrom\u00fdmi se stav\u011bly jen, kdy\u017e v nich byly panny, dcerky hospod\u00e1\u0159ovy, a byly na vdavky. M\u00e1je se stav\u011bly \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no. Odpoledne se se\u0161la na n\u00e1vsi mlad\u00e1 chasa a vyvolila si &#8220;nejvona\u010dej\u0161\u00edho&#8221; hocha za kr\u00e1le, kter\u00e9ho d\u00edvky vyzdobily hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdmi \u0161\u00e1tky, pentlemi i drobn\u00fdmi ma\u0161li\u010dkami, je\u017e p\u0159i\u0161pendlovaly na jeho od\u011bv. V\u0161ichni sl\u00edbili kr\u00e1li poslu\u0161nost a vypln\u011bn\u00ed jeho kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch rozkaz\u016f. Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 dru\u017eina napodobovala zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi ob\u0159ady svatbu kr\u00e1le s kr\u00e1lovnou. Chod\u00edvali s pr\u016fvodem po domech, prosili o d\u00e1rky, chv\u00e1lili i hanili hospod\u00e1\u0159e, jeho rodinu, \u010dele\u010f.<\/p>\n<p>Slavnost b\u00fdvala ukon\u010dena st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00edm prchaj\u00edc\u00edho kr\u00e1le, ko\u0148sk\u00fdmi z\u00e1vody a hozen\u00edm kr\u00e1le do vody. I p\u0159i hlu\u010dn\u00e9 slavnosti se nestala ani nejmen\u0161\u00ed h\u00e1dka nebo pranice, proto\u017ee jejich kr\u00e1l na \u010das zvolen\u00fd hned zamezil ka\u017ed\u00e9mu nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed, aby se neu\u010dinila \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edjemnost milostiv\u00e9 vrchnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Tento starod\u00e1vn\u00fd oby\u010dej se zachoval a\u017e do roku 1776, kdy bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no m\u00e1je stav\u011bt z p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny zachov\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f, proto\u017ee se na m\u00e1je sekaly sam\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 stromy. Studentsk\u00e9 oslavy jara se v\u00fdrazn\u011b za\u010daly rozv\u00edjet v 19. stolet\u00ed a podrobn\u011b je popsal i Alois Jir\u00e1sek ve sv\u00e9 historick\u00e9 novele Filosofsk\u00e1 historie. Kniha z roku 1878 vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o tom, jak se ji\u017e n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t zak\u00e1zan\u00e1 studentsk\u00e1 slavnost p\u0159ece jen v roce 1847 uskute\u010dn\u00ed v Litomy\u0161li d\u00edky iniciativ\u011b student\u016f tamn\u00edho gymn\u00e1zia. Podle Jir\u00e1ska byl maj\u00e1les volnomy\u0161lenk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm a vlasteneck\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem, kter\u00fd vzali za vlastn\u00ed i vysoko\u0161kol\u0161t\u00ed studenti.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed auto\u0159i v\u0161ak za po\u010d\u00e1tek \u010desk\u00e9ho maj\u00e1lesu pova\u017euj\u00ed ji\u017e 18. stolet\u00ed. Je to z toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee den p\u0159ed filipojakubskou noc\u00ed, neboli p\u0159ed p\u00e1len\u00edm \u010darod\u011bjnic, st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u0161t\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci chodili se sv\u00fdm u\u010ditelem a se \u0161koln\u00edmi prapory do jarn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody, kde oslavn\u011b zp\u00edvali a radovali se.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed M\u00e1je je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 kr\u00e1sn\u00e9, ne\u017e aby trvalo d\u00e9le ne\u017e m\u011bs\u00edc,&#8221; napsal Allen Ginsberg pot\u00e9, co byl v \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00e9m p\u00e1t\u00e9m roce zvolen v Praze kr\u00e1lem Maj\u00e1les a kr\u00e1tce nato n\u00e1sil\u00edm vyho\u0161t\u011bn z \u010ceskoslovenska. V roce 1968 se v Praze uskute\u010dnil slavn\u00fd studentsk\u00fd maj\u00e1les, kter\u00fd byl vzpourou proti \u00fatlaku a proti p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159ce. Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed politick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu (m\u011bl starosti s mnohem &#8220;hor\u0161\u00edmi&#8221; nebezpe\u010d\u00edmi) dovolilo po letech toto studentsk\u00e9 vesel\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1dat.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bk beatn\u00edk\u016f v\u0161ak za\u010dal ji\u017e o n\u011bkolik let d\u0159\u00edve. Poezie Allena Ginsberga (kter\u00fd se mj. zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho maj\u00e1lesu z\u00fa\u010dastnil), mnoha jin\u00fdch b\u00e1sn\u00edk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch nad\u0161enc\u016f t\u00e9 doby, dod\u00e1vala s\u00edlu mnoh\u00fdm poslucha\u010d\u016fm otr\u00e1ven\u00fdm povinn\u00fdmi sov\u011btsk\u00fdmi \u010dastu\u0161kami. V\u0161ak jim pot\u00e9 bol\u0161evici dali v\u00fdrazn\u011b zn\u00e1t, kdo je tu p\u00e1nem. Maj\u00e1lesy se u\u017e nekonaly, Ginsberg byl vypov\u011bzen jako ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed element (p\u0159ijel a\u017e v roce 1989) a po srpnu 1968 byla ve\u0161ker\u00e1 radost ze svobody nen\u00e1vratn\u011b pry\u010d. Rok 1968 pak p\u0159inesl maj\u00e1les nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, dokonce z n\u011bj existuje dokument \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 televize. \u201eV hotelu Pal\u00e1c byl kr\u00e1lem korunov\u00e1n spisovatel Josef \u0160kvoreck\u00fd, kter\u00fd n\u00e1sledn\u011b promlouv\u00e1 z balkonu radnice k p\u011btadvaceti tis\u00edc\u016fm lid\u00ed na zapln\u011bn\u00e9m Horn\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroj: SPIRITUS 1969<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Hled\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":190923,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/04\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-maj\u00e1les.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158964"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=158964"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158964\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":190924,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158964\/revisions\/190924"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/190923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=158964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=158964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=158964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}