{"id":158668,"date":"2020-04-29T06:57:02","date_gmt":"2020-04-29T05:57:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=158668"},"modified":"2020-04-29T06:58:41","modified_gmt":"2020-04-29T05:58:41","slug":"stara-sumava-majka-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=158668","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: M\u00e1jka"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Rieger\u016fv Slovn\u00edk nau\u010dn\u00fd z roku 1866 popisuje pod ozna\u010den\u00edmi m\u00e1j, m\u00e1je, m\u00e1jku p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm strom b\u0159ezov\u00fd, kter\u00fd se obvykle b\u011bhem m\u011bs\u00edce m\u00e1je rozvij\u00ed, \u010di rozkv\u00e9t\u00e1. Stav\u011bt m\u00e1j, chodit s m\u00e1jem, s m\u00e1j\u00ed jsou zp\u016fsoby mluvy sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k tradi\u010dn\u00edmu oby\u010deji stav\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1j\u00ed. D\u00e1le je zde uvedeno, jak ml\u00e1denci po p\u016flnoci prvn\u00edho dne m\u011bs\u00edce m\u00e1je (kv\u011btna) putuj\u00ed pro mlad\u00e9 stromy do h\u00e1je, aby je u\u0165ali a p\u0159ipravili k tradi\u010dn\u00ed sl\u00e1v\u011b.<\/h6>\n

Pot\u00e9 strom proch\u00e1z\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed zbaven\u00ed k\u016fry. Posl\u00e9ze nato je m\u00e1j, usazena uprost\u0159ed n\u00e1vsi do zem\u011b a pomalu je zved\u00e1na sm\u011brem vzh\u016fru. Krom toho jsou stav\u011bny m\u00e1je i svobodn\u00fdm d\u00edv\u010din\u00e1m sv\u00fdmi mil\u00fdmi. Jestli\u017ee sv\u00e9ho mil\u00e9ho nemaj\u00ed, pak jin\u00fdmi zdatn\u00fdmi ml\u00e1denci. Kdy\u017e pr\u016fvod doraz\u00ed do staven\u00ed, tak ml\u00e1denec mil\u00e9 postav\u00ed m\u00e1ji a s\u00e1m zatlu\u010de d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 kol\u00edky k vyztu\u017een\u00ed, aby m\u00e1je nespadla. Ml\u00e1denci jsou odm\u011bn\u011bni tancem a sklenic\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho tekut\u00e9ho, v\u011bt\u0161inou pivem. Pr\u016fvod i s ml\u00e1denci d\u00e1le pokra\u010duje po cel\u00e9 vsi, kone\u010dnou zast\u00e1vkou je cesta k m\u00edstn\u00ed hospod\u011b, kde se tan\u010d\u00ed a zp\u00edv\u00e1 a\u017e do \u010dasn\u00e9ho r\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

Stav\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1j\u00ed se udr\u017eelo na mnoha m\u00edstech v r\u016fzn\u00fdch podob\u00e1ch dodnes. Tato oby\u010dejov\u00e1 tradice pro\u0161la dlouh\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem. Jedn\u00e1 se o velmi star\u00fd zvyk op\u011bvuj\u00edc\u00ed omlazenou p\u0159\u00edrodu, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm stav\u011bn\u00edm mlad\u00fdch a kvetouc\u00edch strom\u016f. Ko\u0159eny zvyku poch\u00e1z\u00ed ji\u017e z p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch dob. Ob\u0159adn\u00ed stav\u011bn\u00ed strom\u016f jako ochrana p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi duchy znali u\u017e \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 a Etruskov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00edm dokladem v \u010cesk\u00fdch zem\u00edch je z\u00e1pis z roku 1422, kdy za vzty\u010den\u00ed m\u00e1je dostal ml\u00e1denec odm\u011bnu, ruku d\u011bv\u010dete. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b man\u017eelsk\u00e9ho slibu a postaven\u00ed m\u00e1je vze\u0161el man\u017eelsk\u00fd svazek v platnost a dne 23. \u010dervna roku 1422. byla V oblasti \u0160umavy vze\u0161la do podv\u011bdom\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e1 pov\u011bst vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed o sv. Valpurg\u0159e, je\u017e doprov\u00e1zela sv. Filipa a sv. Jakuba na jejich apo\u0161tolsk\u00fdch pout\u00edch. B\u00fdvala podez\u0159\u00edvan\u00e1 z nemravnosti, proto na svou ochranu zabodla do zem\u011b suchou h\u016fl, kter\u00e1 v noci z 30. dubna na 1. kv\u011btna na d\u016fkaz jej\u00ed nevinnosti zazelenala. Podle \u010ce\u0148ka Z\u00edbrta jsou na jej\u00ed pam\u00e1tku od t\u00e9 doby stav\u011bny m\u00e1je.<\/p>\n

Pov\u011bst, kter\u00e1 se zachovala a vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o panensk\u00e9 \u010distot\u011b jedn\u00e9 d\u00edvky, je\u017e se necht\u011bla vd\u00e1vat. Stala se tak ter\u010dem v\u00fdsm\u011bch\u016f ostatn\u00edch d\u00edvek, \u017ee j\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd svobodn\u00fd ml\u00e1denec nebude cht\u00edt a tak rad\u0161i p\u0159ed okol\u00edm \u0159\u00edkala, \u017ee se rozhodla nav\u017edy z\u016fstat pannou. Modlila se tak ke sv. Filipovi a sv. Jakubovi, aby j\u00ed zajistili ochranu. V den obou sv\u011btc\u016f se z \u010dista jasna objevila na jej\u00edm dvorku m\u00e1j ozdoben\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00fdmi f\u00e1borkami na znamen\u00ed jej\u00ed nevinnosti. Tyt\u00e9\u017e d\u00edvky j\u00ed za\u010daly z\u00e1vid\u011bt a cht\u011bly tak\u00e9 takovou m\u00e1j m\u00edt, ale bohu\u017eel jim takovou m\u00e1j nikdo sh\u016fry nenad\u011blil. Po\u017e\u00e1daly tak sv\u00e9 chlapce, aby se o to postarali. Tradici m\u00e1j\u00ed lze tedy tak\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat jako symbol d\u00edv\u010d\u00ed nevinnosti a kr\u00e1sy.<\/p>\n

Mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed bylo, kdy\u017e d\u00edvka p\u0159ed okny na\u0161la m\u00edsto m\u00e1je slam\u011bn\u00fd v\u011bchet nara\u017een\u00fd na d\u0159ev\u011bnou ty\u010d. Cel\u00e1 ves tak v\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee u\u017e d\u00edvka nen\u00ed poctiv\u00e1. \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1je coby zelen\u00e9 stromy byly znamen\u00edm p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edho jara, kdy se ve\u0161ker\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edroda p\u0159evl\u00e9kla do n\u00e1dhern\u00e9ho kvetouc\u00edho roucha. Srdce lid\u00ed pak bylo napln\u011bn\u00e9 slast\u00ed a radost\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edroda se vesel\u00ed a j\u00e1s\u00e1 stejn\u011b jako ml\u00e1de\u017e. D\u00e1le podle n\u011bj m\u011bly m\u00e1je prvotn\u011b obrazn\u00fd v\u00fdznam a byly v\u00fdrazem p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed pov\u011bsti v boji zimy s vesnou, tedy boje smrt\u00ed se \u017eivotem.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj<\/strong>: RIEGER, Ladislav Franti\u0161ek. 1866. Slovn\u00edk nau\u010dn\u00fd. D\u00edl 5. Praha: Kober a Margraf, Z\u00cdBRT, \u010cen\u011bk. 1923. M\u00e1je: obr\u00e1zky ze \u017eivota lidu \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho. Praha: Melantrich, FROLEC, V\u00c1CLAV. 1985. \u010cas \u017eivota a oby\u010dejov\u00e1 tradice. In: \u010cas \u017eivota. Rodinn\u00e9 a spole\u010densk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky v \u017eivot\u011b \u010dlov\u011bka. Lidov\u00e1 kultura a sou\u010dasnost<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/em><\/p>\n

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  Rieger\u016fv <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":190468,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/29\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-m\u00e1jka.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158668"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=158668"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158668\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":190470,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158668\/revisions\/190470"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/190468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=158668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=158668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=158668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}