{"id":157555,"date":"2019-04-18T07:24:36","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T06:24:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=157555"},"modified":"2019-04-18T07:24:36","modified_gmt":"2019-04-18T06:24:36","slug":"cesky-hydrometeorologicky-ustav-velikonoce-to-jsou-pohyblive-svatky-se-snehem-i-velmi-teplym-pocasim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=157555","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00dd HYDROMETEOROLOGICK\u00dd \u00daSTAV: Velikonoce, to jsou pohybliv\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky se sn\u011bhem i velmi tepl\u00fdm po\u010das\u00edm"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ka\u017ed\u00e9 Velikonoce zastihnou p\u0159\u00edrodu v\u00a0jin\u00e9 vegeta\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1zi. Jak jsou na tom proutky na poml\u00e1zku?<\/h6>\n

\"\"Velikonoce jsou sv\u00e1tkem pohybliv\u00fdm. Nejd\u0159\u00edve mohou nastat 22. b\u0159ezna a nejpozd\u011bji je slav\u00edme 25. dubna. Klimatologov\u00e9 n\u00e1m popsali teploty a po\u010das\u00ed za posledn\u00edch 10 let, kdy datum Velikonoc (velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011ble) p\u0159ipadlo na obdob\u00ed od 27. b\u0159ezna \u2013 24. dubna. Rozp\u011bt\u00ed mezi term\u00edny velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011ble v\u00a0letech 1992\u20132018 dosahuje 33 dn\u016f, do kter\u00fdch n\u00e1m fenologov\u00e9 zasadili pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin a zm\u011bny ve sv\u00e9m vegeta\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Velikono\u010dn\u00ed teploty za roky 2009-2018<\/strong><\/p>\n

Za posledn\u00edch 10 let byla podle pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 denn\u00ed teploty vzduchu na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR nejteplej\u0161\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011ble zaznamen\u00e1na v\u00a0roce 2011 (24. dubna) s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou teplotou 12,7 \u00b0C, podobn\u011b tepl\u00e9 byly Velikonoce i v\u00a0roce 2009 (12. dubna) s teplotou 12,3 \u00b0C. Naopak nejchladn\u011bji bylo v\u00a0letech 2012 (8. dubna) a 2013 (31. b\u0159ezna) s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou teplotou -1,8 a -1,3 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0letech 2009 a 2011 se hodnoty maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed denn\u00ed teploty vzduchu pohybovaly nad 20 \u00b0C na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR. Nad 20 \u00b0C se teplota vy\u0161plhala na n\u011bkolika stanic\u00edch i v\u00a0roce 2014. V\u00a0roce 2009 byl na stanici \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, Va\u0148ov zaznamen\u00e1n letn\u00ed den, tj. den s\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed denn\u00ed teplotou 25 \u00b0C a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Naopak v\u00a0roce 2013 nep\u0159es\u00e1hla denn\u00ed maxima teploty 5 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Velikonoce a rostliny<\/strong><\/p>\n

Druhem, kter\u00fd je pro toto obdob\u00ed typick\u00fd, je vrba j\u00edva, jej\u00ed\u017e \u017elutav\u00e9 sam\u010d\u00ed jehn\u011bdy jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u201eko\u010di\u010dky.\u201c V\u00a0roce 2011, kdy p\u0159ipadla velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011ble na 24. dubna, byla nap\u0159. ve Vla\u0161imi odkvetl\u00e1 ji\u017e cel\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc. Naopak ve dvou nebo t\u0159ech p\u0159\u00edpadech je\u0161t\u011b j\u00edva neza\u010dala kv\u00e9st. V\u00a0roce 2013, kdy velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011ble p\u0159ipadla na 31. b\u0159ezna, sch\u00e1zelo u T\u0159ebechovic pod Orebem do za\u010d\u00e1tku kveten\u00ed j\u00edvy 18 dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b proch\u00e1zej\u00ed rostliny ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b intenzivn\u00edm v\u00fdvojem, tak\u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b velmi pozdn\u00edho data Velikonoc b\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b daleko v\u00edce zelen\u011b, kvete v\u00edce druh\u016f, ne\u017e v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b velmi \u010dasn\u00e9ho data. K\u00a0tomu se je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ipojuje vliv ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edho kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tku vegeta\u010dn\u00ed sez\u00f3ny,\u201c<\/em> popisuje fenolog Jan David Raitschl\u00e4ger.<\/p>\n

Kdy bylo na V\u00e1noce tepleji ne\u017e na Velikonoce?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eV obdob\u00ed 2009-2018 se vyskytly \u010dty\u0159i roky, kdy bylo o Velikonoc\u00edch chladn\u011bji ne\u017e o p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch V\u00e1noc\u00edch,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje klimatolo\u017eka Lenka Crhov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 denn\u00ed teplota na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR byla na velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011bli ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e o p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9m \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m dnu v\u00a0letech 2012, 2013, 2015 a 2018. Rozd\u00edl byl nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0roce 2013, kdy pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota o \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m dnu 2012 byla o 5 \u00b0C vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011bli v\u00a0roce 2013. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed denn\u00ed teplota na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den 2012 byla nam\u011b\u0159ena ve Vlkonic\u00edch v okrese Klatovy (13,6 \u00b0C), o Velikonoc\u00edch 2013 \u010dinila pouze 4,9 \u00b0C na stanici Sem\u010dice (okres Mlad\u00e1 Boleslav).<\/p>\n

Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teploty zp\u016fsob\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kveten\u00ed sn\u011b\u017eenky podsn\u011b\u017en\u00edku, nebo naopak vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty umo\u017en\u00ed kveten\u00ed sasanky hajn\u00ed (o chladn\u00fdch Velikonoc\u00edch v\u00a0roce 2013 kvetla v\u00a0Horn\u00ed Rokytnici (740\u00a0m n.\u00a0m.) a\u017e 26 dn\u00ed po sv\u00e1tc\u00edch).<\/p>\n

Sr\u00e1\u017eky o Velikonoc\u00edch a pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 vl\u00e1ha pro rostliny<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sr\u00e1\u017eky se alespo\u0148 na \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR vyskytly ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b let obdob\u00ed 2009\u20132018. Beze sr\u00e1\u017eek se Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011ble obe\u0161la na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed pouze v\u00a0roce 2009. Naopak v\u00a0roce 2013 (31. b\u0159ezna) se sr\u00e1\u017eky vyskytly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR. Denn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 \u00fahrny \u010dasto p\u0159esahovaly 20 mm s\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm denn\u00edm \u00fahrnem 43,1 mm zaznamenan\u00fdm ve Fren\u0161t\u00e1tu pod Radho\u0161t\u011bm. V\u011bt\u0161inou se jednalo o sr\u00e1\u017eky sn\u011bhov\u00e9, nejv\u00edce nov\u00e9ho sn\u011bhu napadlo tento den na stanici Lys\u00e1 hora, a to 39 cm. Rok 2013 byl na nov\u00fd sn\u00edh o Velikonoc\u00edch jednozna\u010dn\u011b nejbohat\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0hodnocen\u00fdch let, v\u00a0ostatn\u00edch letech byl nov\u00fd sn\u00edh zaznamen\u00e1n pouze na n\u011bkolika v\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00fdch stanic\u00edch. V\u00a0roce 2013 tedy le\u017eel sn\u00edh na velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed (na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 500 stanic\u00edch).<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce 2012 a 2015 pak le\u017eel sn\u00edh na v\u00edce jak 100 stanic\u00edch. “Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka na velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011bli za posledn\u00edch 10 let byla zaznamen\u00e1na minul\u00fd rok, a to 198 cm na stanici Labsk\u00e1 bouda,\u201c<\/em> sd\u011bluje klimatolo\u017eka Lenka Crhov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 dob\u011b tak\u00e9 \u0159ada listn\u00e1\u010d\u016f nasazuje prvn\u00ed listy. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0druh\u016f, kter\u00fd tak \u010din\u00ed nejd\u0159\u00edve, je b\u0159\u00edza b\u011blokor\u00e1. Ta m\u011bla v Bene\u0161ov\u011b na sob\u011b alespo\u0148 10 % nov\u00fdch list\u016f o \u010dty\u0159ech velikono\u010dn\u00edch ned\u011bl\u00edch, zat\u00edmco v\u00a0p\u011bti p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u011bla prvn\u00ed listy ji\u017e v\u00a0cel\u00e9 korun\u011b. V\u00a0devaten\u00e1cti p\u0159\u00edpadech byla je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem olis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00a0Horn\u00ed Rokytnici bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt prvn\u00ed listy o t\u0159ech Velikonoc\u00edch, zat\u00edmco v\u00a023 p\u0159\u00edpadech byla je\u0161t\u011b hol\u00e1 (za obdob\u00ed 1992-2018).<\/p>\n

Pranostiky na Velikonoce s\u00a0\u201epodm\u00ednkou kdy\u017e\u2026\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nejd\u0159\u00edve n\u011bkolik r\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011bli. Op\u011bt upozor\u0148ujeme, chce to v\u0161e vz\u00edt s\u00a0rezervou, rozptyl sv\u00e1tk\u016f je m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed. \u201eKdy\u017e na velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011bli pr\u0161\u00ed, na ka\u017ed\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed a\u017e do svat\u00e9ho Ducha pr\u0161eti bude.\u201c Velikono\u010dn\u00ed pranostiky \u010dasto opakuj\u00ed \u201ede\u0161tivo, nevl\u00eddno a dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed\u201c. \u201eNa Velkou noc bude-li pr\u0161eti, ne mnoho p\u00edce pro sucho budem m\u011bti; pakli ten den jasno bude, m\u00e1slo, vomastek lacino p\u0159ijde.\u201c A to n\u00e1m potvrzuje i tato pranostika \u201eNa Velikonoce jasno-bude lacin\u00e9 m\u00e1slo\u201c. V\u011b\u0159me v\u00a0kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 a tepl\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed, abychom m\u011bli skv\u011bl\u00e9 a \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9 l\u00e9to.<\/p>\n

Leto\u0161n\u00ed Velikonoce budou v\u00fdrazn\u011b teplej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e posledn\u00ed V\u00e1noce. Odpoledn\u00ed teploty o velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011bli by m\u011bly b\u00fdt podle dne\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi kolem 18 \u00b0C, na V\u00e1noce jsme m\u011b\u0159ili odpoledn\u00ed teploty kolem 4 \u00b0C.<\/h6>\n

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\u010cESK\u00dd HYDROMETEOROLOGICK\u00dd \u00daSTAV<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: Miroslav PECKA<\/p>\n

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  Ka\u017ed\u00e9 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":157558,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[110],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/18\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-velikonoce-a-po\u010das\u00ed-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157555"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=157555"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":157559,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157555\/revisions\/157559"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/157558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=157555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=157555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=157555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}