{"id":156815,"date":"2022-04-11T21:15:32","date_gmt":"2022-04-11T20:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=156815"},"modified":"2022-04-11T21:15:32","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T20:15:32","slug":"stara-sumava-o-jidasi-neverny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=156815","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: \u00d3, Jid\u00e1\u0161i nev\u011brn\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Hon\u011bn\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 zradu jednoho z Kristov\u00fdch u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f. Jde o pom\u011brn\u011b star\u00fd zvyk. Za\u010d\u00ednalo se v kostele, za Jid\u00e1\u0161e se obvykle vyb\u00edral chlapec s ry\u0161av\u00fdmi vlasy, a kdy\u017e dal b\u011bhem bohoslu\u017eby kn\u011bz pokyn, Jid\u00e1\u0161 vyb\u011bhl ven pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n omladinou s \u0159ehta\u010dkami. Zastavovali u v\u0161ech staven\u00ed a koledovali, \u010d\u00e1st dar\u016f \u0161la zp\u011bt na kostel.<\/h6>\n

Oby\u010dej tzv. hon\u011bn\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e b\u00fdv\u00e1 mnoh\u00fdmi badateli pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jednu z nejstar\u0161\u00edch \u010desk\u00fdch velikono\u010dn\u00edch her, kter\u00e1 se v 16. stolet\u00ed stala sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed liturgick\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f konan\u00fdch na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek a pozd\u011bji dala vzniknout obl\u00edben\u00e9 d\u011btsk\u00e9 z\u00e1bav\u011b, udr\u017eovan\u00e9 na venkov\u011b je\u0161t\u011b v 1. polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed.
\nNa Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek chodili v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch po skon\u010den\u00ed m\u0161e na \u201eobch\u016fzky\u201c koledn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed zp\u00edvali pop\u011bvky l\u00ed\u010d\u00edc\u00ed, jak Jid\u00e1\u0161 zradil sv\u00e9ho P\u00e1na a vydal ho do rukou nep\u0159\u00e1tel. N\u011bkdy z kostela v okam\u017eiku, kdy kn\u011bz za\u010dal slou\u017eit m\u0161i, vyb\u00edhal chlapec p\u0159evle\u010den\u00fd za Jid\u00e1\u0161e a ostatn\u00ed d\u011bti ho s klapa\u010dkami
\na \u0159ehta\u010dkami honily. St\u00e1valo se ale, \u017ee z chr\u00e1mu vyb\u00edhali v\u0161ichni chlapci najednou a Jid\u00e1\u0161e zobrazoval nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed z nich.<\/p>\n

Za Jid\u00e1\u0161e b\u00fdvali \u010dasto vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni chlapci se zrzav\u00fdmi vlasy. P\u0159i hon\u011bn\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e se provol\u00e1valy nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edkanky, nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u201eJid\u00e1\u0161e hon\u00edme, klek\u00e1n\u00ed zvon\u00edme, p\u0159i tom se modl\u00edme, Kyrie elejson…<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n

Na hon\u011bn\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e jako na obl\u00edbenou chlapeckou z\u00e1bavu vzpom\u00ednal i Jind\u0159ich \u0160imon Baar (1869\u20131925):<\/strong>
\nKdy\u017e se Kr\u00e1l se sousedem Smol\u00edkem vraceli z T\u00fdna v poledne dom\u016f, v\u00edtali je u\u017e zdaleka drka\u010di. Ohla\u0161ovali m\u00edsto zvonu poledne (\u2026) D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 klapa\u010dky, drka\u010dky i \u0159ehta\u010dky rachotily, daleko \u0161iroko nesly se jejich such\u00e9, praskav\u00e9 zvuky, pt\u00e1ci v sadech p\u0159estali \u0161veholit a ulekan\u011b naslouchali podivn\u00e9 hudb\u011b
\ni p\u00edsni, kter\u00e1 se chv\u011bla vzduchem. Dob\u0159e se\u0159azen\u00fd chlapeck\u00fd pr\u016fvod vy\u0161el od chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00ed, v jeho \u010dele kr\u00e1\u010del uzn\u00e1van\u00fd v\u016fdce, k\u00e1po, Klikovic Mart\u00ednek, s\u00e1m a s\u00e1m, nebo\u0165 m\u011bl drka\u010dku, jakou tu jak\u017eiv \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nevid\u011bl. Ob\u010das zvedl v\u016fdce jako kapeln\u00edk sv\u016fj z\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00edhodn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj do v\u00fd\u0161e, v\u0161ichni
\nhned \u201epodtrhli\u201c drk\u00e1n\u00ed a spustili p\u00edse\u0148:
\nMy Jid\u00e1\u0161e hon\u00edme<\/em>
\n a d\u0159evem mu zvon\u00edme.<\/em>
\n Kdo ho vid\u011bl, a\u0165 n\u00e1m pov\u00ed<\/em>
\n o nev\u011brn\u00e9m Jid\u00e1\u0161ovi.<\/em>
\n \u00d3 Jid\u00e1\u0161i nev\u011brn\u00fd, cos to u\u010dinil,<\/em>
\n \u017ee jsi P\u00e1na Krista \u017did\u016fm prozradil?<\/em>
\n Za to mus\u00ed\u0161 v pekle ho\u0159\u00edt,<\/em>
\n s \u010dertem \u010f\u00e1blem se t\u00e1m mo\u0159it.<\/em>
\n A\u017e Jid\u00e1\u0161e chyt\u00edme,<\/em>
\n do vohn\u011b ho hod\u00edme.<\/em>
\n(JIND\u0158ICH \u0160IMON BAAR, OSMA\u010cTY\u0158IC\u00c1TN\u00cdCI)<\/strong><\/p>\n

K pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161e doch\u00e1zelo i v jin\u00e9 velikono\u010dn\u00ed dny, nap\u0159\u00edklad na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek nebo B\u00edlou sobotu. N\u011bkdy se nad Jid\u00e1\u0161em konaly soudy, nebo byl Jid\u00e1\u0161 v slavnostn\u00edm pr\u016fvodu veden od staven\u00ed ke staven\u00ed na dlouh\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bze nebo provaze. Postava Jid\u00e1\u0161e byla v lidov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed velmi obl\u00edben\u00e1 a v p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00edm \u010dase \u010dasto zmi\u0148ovan\u00e1. Figur\u00edny ze sl\u00e1my p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed Kristova nehodn\u00e9ho u\u010dedn\u00edka se ob\u0159adn\u011b topily, v\u011b\u0161ely, shazovaly z kosteln\u00edch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed nebo p\u00e1lily ve\u010der o Sazometn\u00e9 st\u0159ed\u011b nebo na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek. Ohe\u0148 zapalovan\u00fd a sv\u011bcen\u00fd p\u0159ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi chr\u00e1my o velikono\u010dn\u00ed slavnosti Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed se naz\u00fdval Jid\u00e1\u0161\u016fv ohe\u0148 nebo Jid\u00e1\u0161ovo d\u0159evo.<\/p>\n

P\u00e1len\u00ed Jid\u00e1\u0161ova ohn\u011b spojovan\u00e9 v lidov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed s mno\u017estv\u00edm pov\u011bre\u010dn\u00fdch praktik popsal v roce 1838 \u010desk\u00fd buditel a spisovatel Jan Jen\u00edk, ryt\u00ed\u0159 z Brat\u0159ic (1756\u20131845):<\/strong>
\nTo kdy\u017e se pak stalo a kn\u011b\u017estvo zas do kostela ode\u0161lo, povstane ihned hlasit\u00fd k\u0159ik a pranice mezi div\u00e1ky a sv\u00ed\u010dkovou b\u00e1bou; nebo\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich popad\u00e1 hltav\u011b uhl\u00ed a popel z t\u00e9ho\u017e sp\u00e1leni\u0161t\u011b, co\u017e sv\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1 b\u00e1ba br\u00e1niti usiluje, proto\u017ee se domn\u00edv\u00e1 sama to pr\u00e1vo m\u00edti na to posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 uhl\u00ed a popel, aby to mohla v pobo\u017en\u00fdch domech rozprod\u00e1vat.<\/em><\/p>\n

K podobenstv\u00edm velikono\u010dn\u00edho poselstv\u00ed pat\u0159ilo p\u00e1len\u00ed tzv. Jid\u00e1\u0161ovy brady. V nejstar\u0161\u00edm ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m pra\u017esk\u00e9m ritu\u00e1lu z roku 1496 je jeho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed uvedeno v z\u00e1v\u011bru ob\u0159ad\u016f konan\u00fdch o B\u00edl\u00e9 sobot\u011b. Na kazatelny se v chr\u00e1mech upev\u0148ovala ty\u010d omotan\u00e1 koudel\u00ed, zakoupenou pro tuto p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost farn\u00edky, kter\u00e1 se zapalovala. Kn\u011bz na ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u201eJid\u00e1\u0161ovu bradu\u201c ukazoval za zp\u011bvu: \u201ePohle\u010fte, jak sl\u00e1va tohoto sv\u011bta pomine!\u201c<\/em> a v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed si n\u00e1zorn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednali pom\u00edjivost pozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota v \u201ez\u00e1\u0159i Kristova sv\u011btla\u201c<\/em>. Tento ob\u0159ad se dodr\u017eoval je\u0161t\u011b v barokn\u00ed dob\u011b. Podle sv\u011bdectv\u00ed z roku 1609 se ale \u201eJid\u00e1\u0161ova brada p\u00e1lila hned v prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti m\u0161e<\/em> (Kyrie Eleison) p\u0159ed sv\u011bcen\u00edm pa\u0161k\u00e1lu\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> \u010cesk\u00fd lid: Etnologick\u00fd \u010dasopis – \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Hon\u011bn\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":251777,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/11\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-\u00f3-jid\u00e1\u0161i.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/156815"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=156815"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/156815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":251776,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/156815\/revisions\/251776"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=156815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=156815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=156815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}