{"id":156127,"date":"2025-03-28T21:06:28","date_gmt":"2025-03-28T20:06:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=156127"},"modified":"2025-03-28T21:06:28","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T20:06:28","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-o-ctvrte-postni-nedeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=156127","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: O \u010dtvrt\u00e9 postn\u00ed ned\u011bli"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u010ctvrt\u00e1 postn\u00ed ned\u011ble (Laetare) je liturgicky zasv\u011bcen\u00e1, obdobn\u011b jako ned\u011ble p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed a n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed, my\u0161lence k\u0159tu. Od ostatn\u00edch postn\u00edch ned\u011bl\u00ed ji odli\u0161uje radostn\u00fd charakter. O \u010dtvrt\u00e9 postn\u00ed ned\u011bli se zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed postn\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a smute\u010dn\u00ed fialov\u00e1 a modr\u00e1 roucha a z\u00e1v\u011bsy v kostelech se nahrazuj\u00ed r\u016f\u017eov\u00fdmi. Tak\u00e9 me\u0161n\u00ed roucha obl\u00e9kan\u00e1 kn\u011b\u017e\u00edmi pro tento den maj\u00ed, po\u010d\u00ednaje 16. stolet\u00edm, obvykle r\u016f\u017eovou barvu. Radostnost dne snad ur\u010duje p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se ob\u0159adu \u201eotev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed du\u0161\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159edu a je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy katechumen\u016f.<\/h6>\n

Radostn\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra \u010dtvrt\u00e9 postn\u00ed ned\u011ble se odrazila i v lidov\u00fdch zvyc\u00edch a oby\u010dej\u00edch. Jak v jednom ze sv\u00fdch d\u011bl napsal Jind\u0159ich \u0160imon Baar, Dru\u017eebn\u00e1 ned\u011ble pat\u0159ila velk\u00e9 chase. N\u00e1zev \u201eDru\u017eebn\u00e1\u201c p\u0159ipisoval Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160t\u00edtn\u00fd ze \u0160t\u00edtn\u00e9ho (1333\u20131409) n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmu zvyku: Byl jest ten oby\u010dej mezi dietkami, \u017ee js\u00fa s\u011b dru\u017eice sber\u00fac spolu v ut\u011b\u0161en\u00ed, snes\u00fac s\u011b, co\u017e kter\u00e1 jmieti mohla, sva\u010dinu sob\u011b u\u010dinily, p\u0159iez\u0148 a milost mezi seb\u00fa ukazuj\u00edc a \u00fat\u011bchu jmaj\u00edc, \u017ee je ka\u017ed\u00e1 jm\u011bla, co p\u0159in\u00e9st s seb\u00fa.<\/em><\/p>\n

Podle n\u00e1zoru jin\u00fdch se o pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dtvrt\u00e9 postn\u00ed ned\u011ble zaslou\u017eil zvyk, \u017ee \u201eza star\u00fdch \u010das\u016f tou ned\u011bl\u00ed ji\u017e o dru\u017eku (nev\u011bstu) uch\u00e1zet se za\u010dali, kdo\u017e po Velikonoci (o Provodn\u00ed ned\u011bli, tj. prvn\u00ed ned\u011bli po Bo\u017e\u00edm hodu velikono\u010dn\u00edm) v stav man\u017eelsk\u00fd vstoupiti cht\u011bli\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Chozen\u00ed dru\u017eby se \u017eenichem na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu do dom\u00e1cnosti, kde cht\u011bli o velikono\u010dn\u00ed poml\u00e1zce ofici\u00e1ln\u011b po\u017e\u00e1dat o nev\u011bstu, se v na\u0161ich zem\u00edch na vesnic\u00edch dodr\u017eovalo je\u0161t\u011b v dob\u011b p\u0159ed 1. sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch budouc\u00ed zet\u011b \u010dastovaly hospodyn\u011b miskou pu\u010d\u00e1lky, do n\u00ed\u017e p\u0159edt\u00edm zabodly mezi n\u011bkolik l\u017eic vidli\u010dku.
\nKdy\u017e se ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fd mlad\u00edk spletl a cht\u011bl si zavdat nastr\u010denou vidli\u010dkou, \u010dekal ho v\u00fdsm\u011bch a pokuta.<\/p>\n

Touto ned\u011bl\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaly svatebn\u00ed ohl\u00e1\u0161ky a ml\u00e1de\u017e se sch\u00e1zela na n\u00e1vsi k um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00e1bav\u011b, slavila \u201esvoji chudou h\u016frku\u201c. Jin\u00fd zvyk spojen\u00fd s touto ned\u011bl\u00ed bylo pe\u010den\u00ed kol\u00e1\u010d\u016f tzv. dru\u017ebanc\u016f s jablkovou, hru\u0161kovou, povidlovou, makovou \u010di tvarohovou n\u00e1pln\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pak d\u011bti nosily po vsi a u dve\u0159\u00ed dom\u016f zp\u00edvaly: “Jak\u00fd je to dru\u017ebanec, bez ko\u0159en\u00ed, bez vajec, pan\u00edm\u00e1mo, dejte p\u00e1r vajec.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee p\u0159\u00edroda se tou dobou ji\u017e probouzela ze zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku a sn\u011bhov\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bje a zamrzl\u00e1 zrcadla stud\u00e1nek se st\u00e1vala minulost\u00ed, chod\u00edvalo se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch s \u201enov\u00fdm l\u00edtem\u201c.<\/em> Jinde se tento zvyk dodr\u017eoval a\u017e o n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u00e1t\u00e9 postn\u00ed ned\u011bli. L\u00edtem se naz\u00fdval mal\u00fd strome\u010dek, nej\u010dast\u011bji smr\u010dek, se kter\u00fdm chodily v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch mlad\u00e9 d\u00edvky nebo d\u011bti o Smrteln\u00e9 \u010di Smrtn\u00e9 ned\u011bli. N\u011bkde se m\u00edsto n\u011bho pou\u017e\u00edvala velk\u00e1 ozdoben\u00e1 b\u0159ezov\u00e1 metla. Ob\u0159adn\u00e9 chozen\u00ed s l\u00edtem bylo symbolick\u00fdm rozlou\u010den\u00edm se zimou a v\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm jara.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci pr\u016fvodu zp\u00edvali a recitovali nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edkadla, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad:
\nHa ty svat\u00e1 Markyto,<\/em>
\ndej n\u00e1m nov\u00fd l\u00edto<\/em>
\nna p\u0161enici ha na \u017eito<\/em>
\ni na \u0161ecko vobil\u00ed,<\/em>
\nco n\u00e1m p\u00e1nb\u016f nad\u011bl\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hospodyn\u011b se za n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu odm\u011b\u0148ovaly hlavn\u011b d\u011btem drobn\u00fdmi d\u00e1rky. Podobn\u011b jako figur\u00edna ze sl\u00e1my symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed Smrt bylo l\u00edto ov\u011b\u0161eno stuhami, vyfouknut\u00fdmi vaj\u00ed\u010dky a svat\u00fdmi obr\u00e1zky. Proto\u017ee \u010dtvrt\u00e1 postn\u00ed ned\u011ble tvo\u0159ila t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 st\u0159ed postn\u00edho p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00edho \u010dasu, \u0159\u00edkalo se j\u00ed n\u011bkde tak\u00e9 ned\u011ble st\u0159edopost\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tuto ned\u011bli se \u0159ezaly v\u011btvi\u010dky j\u00edvy, ko\u010di\u010dky, s nimi\u017e se chod\u00ed o Kv\u011btn\u00e9 ned\u011bli do kostela.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Mal\u00e1 encyklopedie sv\u00e1tk\u016f velikono\u010dn\u00edch<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  \u010ctvrt\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":341225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/28\/ram-o-ctvrte.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/156127"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=156127"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/156127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":341224,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/156127\/revisions\/341224"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/341225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=156127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=156127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=156127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}