{"id":155902,"date":"2022-04-14T21:20:10","date_gmt":"2022-04-14T20:20:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=155902"},"modified":"2022-04-14T21:20:10","modified_gmt":"2022-04-14T20:20:10","slug":"stara-sumava-o-velikonocnim-sveceniku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=155902","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O velikono\u010dn\u00edm sv\u011bcen\u00edku"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V \u017eivot\u011b a prom\u011bn\u00e1ch tradi\u010dn\u00edho \u010desk\u00e9ho roku byly Velikonoce v\u017edy vrcholnou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed s bohat\u00fdm programem oby\u010dej\u016f, zvyk\u016f i pov\u011br. Je proto samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee kouzlo velikono\u010dn\u00edch dn\u016f vstupovalo ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b i pod st\u0159echy star\u00fdch \u0161umavsk\u00fdch dom\u016f.<\/h6>\n

\u201eD\u00e1te-li kus mazance, dostanete ml\u00e1dence.\u201c K jarn\u00edm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed typick\u00e9 pe\u010divo. Je kynut\u00e9, proto\u017ee s p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm sluncem v\u0161echno pu\u010d\u00ed, kvete, nab\u00edr\u00e1 na objemu. Mazanec \u2013 symbol slunce, v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed dne nad noc\u00ed, jara nad zimou, \u017eivota nad smrt\u00ed. Podle historik\u016f se n\u00e1zev odvodil od slova \u201epomazan\u00fd\u201c, proto\u017ee mazanec, stejn\u011b jako jid\u00e1\u0161e nebo ber\u00e1nka nech\u00e1vali hospodyn\u011b na B\u00edlou sobotu v kostele posv\u011btit, tak\u00e9 se \u0159\u00edkalo, \u017ee s n\u00edm chodily pro \u201esvat\u00e9 pomaz\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c. Nejd\u0159\u00edve se mu tedy \u0159\u00edkalo sv\u011bcen\u00edk, pot\u00e9 pomazanec a nakonec mazanec.<\/p>\n

Historicky pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejstar\u0161\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed druhy \u010desk\u00e9ho ob\u0159adn\u00edho pe\u010diva, prvn\u00ed mazance se objevily dokonce u\u017e v 15. stolet\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed bylo, \u017ee se do t\u011bsta nep\u0159id\u00e1val \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd cukr a \u017ee byl jin\u00fd pro \u010deled\u00edny i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy. Pe\u010den\u00ed mazance prob\u00edhalo tradi\u010dn\u011b na B\u00edlou sobotu. V z\u00e1vislosti na tom, pro koho byl mazanec d\u0159\u00edve ur\u010den, se li\u0161ilo i jeho slo\u017een\u00ed. S\u00e1m v\u00fdraz mazanec je dolo\u017een ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch liter\u00e1rn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch, a stejn\u011b tak slovo mazane\u010dn\u00edk pro peka\u0159e, kter\u00fd takov\u00fd velikono\u010dn\u00ed kol\u00e1\u010d d\u011bl\u00e1 .Pro \u010deled\u00edny se d\u011blal mazanec z oby\u010dejn\u00e9ho kynut\u00e9ho t\u011bsta, naproti tomu pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy bylo t\u011bsto obohaceno ji\u017e tehdy rozinkami a mandlemi.<\/p>\n

Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku se do t\u011bsta p\u0159id\u00e1val tvaroh, aby bylo \u201elep\u0161\u00ed a kyp\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed\u201c. Na \u201esyrnej kol\u00e1\u010d k Velik\u00e9 noci\u201c se o Velikonoc\u00edch t\u011b\u0161ila \u0161lechta a m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b ke konci 18. stolet\u00ed. Proto\u017ee slepice na ja\u0159e dob\u0159e nesly, ne\u0161et\u0159ilo se na mazancov\u00e9m t\u011bst\u011b nikdy vejci. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm \u201e\u017elut\u0161\u00ed jsou, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe jedou\u201c. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen rodiny musel ze sladk\u00e9ho boch\u00e1nku dostat sv\u016fj d\u00edl. V bohat\u0161\u00edch rodin\u00e1ch panoval po dlouhou dobu zvyk p\u00e9ci pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlena dom\u00e1cnosti jeho vlastn\u00ed mal\u00fd mazanec.<\/p>\n

Mazance byly jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u00e1rk\u016f, kter\u00e9 si odn\u00e1\u0161eli velikono\u010dn\u00ed koledn\u00edci jako v\u00fdslu\u017eku. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku panoval v n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u011bstech oby\u010dej nakupovat u peka\u0159\u016f mazance z obecn\u00edch pen\u011bz a o Velikonoc\u00edch je rozd\u00e1vat jako almu\u017enu chud\u00fdm. Za panov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159e Josefa II. pos\u00edlaly m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rady o Bo\u017e\u00edm hodu velikono\u010dn\u00edm mazance do nemocnic, obecn\u00edch \u0161kol a n\u011bkde i trestanc\u016fm do v\u011bzen\u00ed. Jedly se mazance v\u011bt\u0161inou \u201ena sucho\u201c. P\u0159ikusovaly se ale tak\u00e9 k \u017eitn\u00e9 k\u00e1v\u011b vylep\u0161en\u00e9 trochou ml\u00e9ka, nebo se nam\u00e1\u010dely do tzv. odv\u00e1rky z rozva\u0159en\u00e9ho ovoce prolisovan\u00e9ho cedn\u00edkem, do n\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159id\u00e1vala \u201eve sp\u00ed\u017ei od V\u00e1noc zbyl\u00e1 povidla, o\u0159echy nebo hrozinky\u201c, vla\u017en\u00e1 voda, cukr nebo med a ko\u0159en\u00ed. Ovocn\u00e1 sm\u011bs se d\u016fkladn\u011b pova\u0159ila a pod\u00e1vala tepl\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ve m\u011bstech se mazance kupovaly u peka\u0159\u016f a cukr\u00e1\u0159\u016f. V Praze bylo na konci 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed mezi obchodn\u00edky zvykem d\u00e1vat o Velikonoc\u00edch podobn\u011b jako o V\u00e1noc\u00edch, st\u00e1l\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm bohatou v\u00fdslu\u017eku. \u0158ezn\u00edk jako poml\u00e1zku nad\u011bloval velikono\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1divku nebo kousek uzen\u00e9ho, n\u00e1kladn\u00edk pivo a peka\u0159i obdarov\u00e1vali v\u011brn\u00e9 z\u00e1kazn\u00edky. Pokrmy chystan\u00e9 nejen na sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed st\u016fl, ale tak\u00e9 ke sv\u011bcen\u00ed v kostele, musela hospody\u0148ka p\u0159ipravit nejen chutn\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 reprezentativn\u011b, tedy lahod\u00edc\u00ed oku, aby ji sousedky nepomluvily.<\/p>\n

Do kostela se nesl nazdoben\u00fd ko\u0161\u00edk s \u010derven\u00fdmi vejci, leskl\u00fdm mazane\u010dkem, pe\u010den\u00fdm ber\u00e1nkem, holoub\u00e1tky, dom\u00e1c\u00ed slaninou, klob\u00e1sami \u010di uzen\u00fdm. To v\u0161e v b\u011blostn\u00e9m pl\u00e1tn\u011b, napar\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 v\u011btvi\u010dkou j\u00edvy nebo zelen\u00e9 b\u0159\u00edzky bylo chloubou pan\u00ed domu. P\u0159i cest\u011b z kostela ut\u00edkala d\u011bv\u010data dom\u016f nap\u0159ed, nebo\u0165 se tradovalo, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm rychleji pob\u011b\u017e\u00ed z kostela dom\u016f, t\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve se budou vracet dom\u016f p\u0159i senose\u010di i otav\u011b. Ob\u011bd na Bo\u017e\u00ed hod b\u00fdval slavnostn\u00ed, bohat\u00fd a s masem, nebo\u0165 \u201ep\u016fst ji\u017e skon\u010dil\u201c. Po ob\u011bd\u011b rozd\u00e1valy selky v\u0161em z domu \u010derven\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka na znamen\u00ed \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Odpoledne sedl\u00e1k b\u011b\u017eel na pole s vysv\u011bcen\u00fdmi ko\u010di\u010dkami. Tak\u00e9 tady se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee kdo bude prvn\u00ed na poli, bude m\u00edt nejd\u0159\u00edve zral\u00e9 \u017eito. Na Chodsku jedli v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed pokrm posv\u011bcen\u00fd v kostele v\u017edy stoje. Pokud kdokoli p\u0159i\u0161el do staven\u00ed, a\u0165 vrchnost nebo \u017eebr\u00e1k, dostal kousek z posv\u011bcen\u00e9ho j\u00eddla. Ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch ob\u011btoval hospod\u00e1\u0159 kus sv\u011bcen\u00e9ho mazance, vejce a v\u00edno zahrad\u011b, poli a studni, aby byla dobr\u00e1 \u00faroda, hojnost ovoce a zdrav\u00e1 pitn\u00e1 voda.<\/p>\n

Na \u0160umav\u011b lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee vzpom\u00ednka na to, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk jedl o Bo\u017e\u00edm hodu velikono\u010dn\u00edm posv\u011bcen\u00e9ho ber\u00e1nka, pom\u016f\u017ee nal\u00e9zt ztracenou cestu zbloudilci v les\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00fd oby\u010dej v Po\u0161umav\u00ed se v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed popisuje: “Mlad\u00e9 hospody\u0148ky a vy\u0161\u0148o\u0159en\u00e9 dcerky v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm kroji… v lev\u00e9 ruce modlitby se \u0161\u00e1te\u010dkem, v prav\u00e9 ruce uzl\u00edk sn\u011bhob\u00edl\u00fd a v n\u011bm tal\u00ed\u0159 s mazancem a vejci, \u010derven\u011b, mod\u0159e, \u017elut\u011b i jinak barven\u00fdmi. P\u0159i – hrub\u00e9 – postavila v kostele ka\u017ed\u00e1 sv\u016fj uzl\u00edk p\u0159ed sebe a kdy\u017e bylo po m\u0161i, kr\u00e1\u010dely v\u0161echny k hlavn\u00edmu olt\u00e1\u0159i a kladly uzl\u00edky sv\u00e9, pon\u011bkud je uvolniv\u0161e, na olt\u00e1\u0159, ku posv\u011bcen\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se tak stalo, odstoupily op\u011bt do lodi chr\u00e1mov\u00e9, pan far\u00e1\u0159 vystoupil ze sakristie a jakmile vystoupil, spustili hudebn\u00edci na k\u016fru pochod a hr\u00e1li jej tak nad\u0161en\u011b, jako by o n\u011bjak\u00e9m svatebn\u00edm pr\u016fvodu. Zat\u00edm sv\u011btil pan far\u00e1\u0159 mazance a vejce, a kdy\u017e bylo po sv\u011bcen\u00ed, hospody\u0148ky a d\u00edvky si po\u017eehnan\u00e9 v\u011bci op\u011bt vzaly a odnesly. Doma je postavily na st\u016fl, hospod\u00e1\u0159 po\u017eehnav je\u0161t\u011b k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem v\u011bci ty, ukrojil p\u0159ed ob\u011bdem ka\u017ed\u00e9mu dom\u00e1c\u00edmu po kraj\u00ed\u010dku mazance a dal ka\u017ed\u00e9mu i po vejci.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Magdalena Beranov\u00e1 \u2013 J\u00eddlo a pit\u00ed v prav\u011bku a ve st\u0159edov\u011bku,<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/em><\/p>\n

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