{"id":155758,"date":"2023-03-12T20:01:50","date_gmt":"2023-03-12T19:01:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=155758"},"modified":"2023-03-12T20:01:50","modified_gmt":"2023-03-12T19:01:50","slug":"stara-sumava-o-trdelniku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=155758","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O trdeln\u00edku"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Budeme v\u00eddat na velikono\u010dn\u00edm trhu a kdy\u017e vid\u00edm prod\u00e1vat staro\u010desk\u00fd trdeln\u00edk, p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm, kam vlastn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed. V\u016fbec se ale nejedn\u00e1 o staro\u010deskou specialitu, jej\u00ed ko\u0159eny jsou toti\u017e zcela jinde. V Machkov\u011b etymologick\u00e9m slovn\u00edku se m\u016f\u017eeme do\u010d\u00edst, \u017ee trdlo se pou\u017e\u00edvalo rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159i pe\u010den\u00ed: “t\u011bsto se ovine kolem trdla a pak se pe\u010de,” p\u00ed\u0161e etymolog a dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee pe\u010divu t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem upe\u010den\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edkalo trdlovec.<\/h6>\n

Sladk\u00e1 a dut\u00e1 roura z kynut\u00e9ho t\u011bsta se p\u016fvodn\u011b zrodila v l\u016fn\u011b rumunsk\u00fdch Karpat, Transylv\u00e1nii. Tyhle kremrole tady v kraji smutn\u011b proslul\u00e9ho hrab\u011bte Dr\u00e1kuly pe\u010de zdej\u0161\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e1 komunita u\u017e stovky let. O jej\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed se ov\u0161em budou h\u00e1dat i Ma\u010fa\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed j\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed kom\u00ednov\u00fd dort. Transylv\u00e1nie, kter\u00e1 byla kdysi sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Ma\u010farska a nyn\u00ed spad\u00e1 pod Rumunsko, nen\u00ed pouze nesm\u00edrn\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00e1, divok\u00e1 s romantickou p\u0159\u00edrodou, kter\u00e1 byla proto d\u0159\u00edve naz\u00fdv\u00e1na “kouzelnou zahradou”, ale je tak\u00e9 historicky a kulturn\u011b nesm\u00edrn\u011b jedine\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Po stalet\u00ed Rumuni (74,7%), Ma\u010fa\u0159i (19,6%), Sasov\u00e9 (0,7%), Arm\u00e9ni a \u017did\u00e9 zde \u017eili pohromad\u011b v m\u00edru a jejich vlast v Karpatsk\u00e9 p\u00e1nvi, nap\u016fl cesty mezi Istanbulem a V\u00eddn\u00ed, navz\u00e1jem se obohacovali svoji kulturou p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00ed idendity. Bezesporu rafinovanost a noblesa ma\u010farsk\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b vych\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b odtud. Po rozd\u011blen\u00ed Ma\u010farska na t\u0159i \u010d\u00e1sti, Transylv\u00e1nie byla st\u00e1le vzkv\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edm a nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm v\u00e9vodstv\u00edm. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b man\u00e9vrovala mezi Otomanskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed a evropsk\u00fdmi vl\u00e1dci, ale up\u00edrala se sp\u00ed\u0161e sm\u011brem na v\u00fdchod, zat\u00edmco v ostatn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech ma\u010farsk\u00e1 populace trp\u011bla pod jhem Turk\u016f a byla \u017ed\u00edm\u00e1na habsbursk\u00fdmi v\u00fdb\u011br\u010d\u00edmi dan\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdysi se t\u011bsto na trdeln\u00edk namot\u00e1valo na speci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd kol\u00edk opat\u0159en\u00fd klikou – ten se usadil na dv\u011b trojno\u017eky a klikou se pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b ot\u00e1\u010delo na otev\u0159en\u00e9m ohni\u0161ti. Pro snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu bylo ale pozd\u011bji vyrobeno speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed – trdlo – a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se dodnes. Pro nepravideln\u00fd, nemotorn\u00fd pohyb trdla se ozna\u010den\u00ed za\u010dalo pou\u017e\u00edvat tak\u00e9 pro neohraben\u00e9 lidi, nemehla. Z nepravideln\u00e9ho pohybu trdla pak bylo odvozeno sloveso trdlovat – motat se, nemotorn\u011b tancovat. Legenda prav\u00ed, \u017ee recept na tuto vyhl\u00e1\u0161enou pochoutku p\u0159inesl do m\u011bste\u010dka Skalica sedmihradsk\u00fd kucha\u0159, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil ma\u010farsk\u00e9mu gener\u00e1lovi, b\u00e1sn\u00edkovi a spisovateli J\u00f3szefu Gvad\u00e1nyimu.<\/p>\n

Trdeln\u00edky se v \u010cech\u00e1ch pekly \u00fadajn\u011b u\u017e od 1. pol.19 stol. p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch slavnostn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech. Nesm\u011bly chyb\u011bt zejm\u00e9na na svatb\u00e1ch, k\u0159tin\u00e1ch a p\u0159i c\u00edrkevn\u00edch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch. Trdeln\u00edk se nos\u00edval jako d\u00e1rek rodi\u010dk\u00e1m v dob\u011b \u0161estined\u011bl\u00ed a hojn\u011b se p\u0159ipravoval na sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee v tento den (24.4.) vyl\u00e9zaj\u00ed ze zem\u011b hadi a trdeln\u00edky symbolizovaly hady z t\u011bsta, pe\u010den\u00e9 nad ohn\u011bm.<\/p>\n

Podle \u00fadaj\u016f uveden\u00fdch v n\u00e1rodopisn\u00e9 knize \u201cLuha\u010dovsk\u00e9 Z\u00e1les\u00ed\u201d od Anton\u00edna V\u00e1clav\u00edka vydan\u00e9 v roce 1930 v\u00edme, \u017ee se pro pe\u010den\u00ed trdeln\u00edk\u016f rozd\u011bl\u00e1val ohe\u0148 pouze z bukov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva. Kdy\u017e pak zbylo hodn\u011b \u0159e\u0159av\u00e9ho popela, postavil se do n\u011bho d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd v\u00e1lec, ke stran\u00e1m z\u00fa\u017een\u00fd, zapraven\u00fd do dvou cihel a s kli\u010dkou na ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed na jednom konci. Kdy\u017e se v\u00e1lec p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b zah\u0159\u00e1l, nat\u00e1\u010delo se na\u0148 rozv\u00e1len\u00e9 t\u011bsto, a to tak, \u017ee se posledn\u00ed oto\u010den\u00ed muselo p\u0159ilepiti na d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oviny. Na to se to neslo nad ohe\u0148. P\u0159i pe\u010den\u00ed se ot\u00e1\u010delo a m\u00e1\u010delo p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b ml\u00e9kem. Jakmile se pon\u011bkud zapeklo, sypalo se strouhan\u00fdm pern\u00edkem, cukrem a p\u0159i ustavi\u010dn\u00e9m ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed se upeklo do zlato\u010dervena. Pak je rychle ovinuli ko\u017eichem, aby se v\u00e1lec snadn\u011bji vyt\u00e1hl a trdeln\u00edk z\u016fstal neporu\u0161en\u00fd. Navrchu se pot\u00edral medem.<\/p>\n

Za sv\u016fj n\u00e1rodn\u00ed symbol ale trdeln\u00edk pova\u017euj\u00ed i Ma\u010fa\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed ho naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed K\u00fcrt\u0151skal\u00e1cs neboli kom\u00ednov\u00fd dort, Raku\u0161an\u00e9 mu \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed Pr\u00fcgelkrapfen, co\u017e v p\u0159ekladu znamen\u00e1 kobliha na klacku, N\u011bmci pak Baumkuchen, obdobn\u011b se jmenuje i v Lucembursku (Baamkuch), kde je obl\u00edbenou a tradi\u010dn\u00ed pochoutkou na svatb\u00e1ch a slavnostech. Podobn\u00fd z\u00e1kusek pe\u010den\u00fd na ot\u00e1\u010div\u00e9m ro\u0161tu maj\u00ed i ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku. Jmenuje se Spettekaka neboli dort pe\u010den\u00fd na jehle a jeho p\u016fvod maj\u00ed \u0160v\u00e9dov\u00e9 rovn\u011b\u017e o\u0161et\u0159en\u00fd ochrannou zn\u00e1mkou.
\nJe\u0161t\u011b pov\u011bst.<\/p>\n

Ve star\u00fdch knih\u00e1ch se p\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o jak\u00e9msi moravsk\u00e9m kn\u00ed\u017eeti a jeho pobo\u010dn\u00edkovi, kte\u0159\u00ed upadli do tureck\u00e9ho zajet\u00ed. Tito mu\u017ei si pr\u00fd vyslou\u017eili svobodu t\u00edm, \u017ee pro mocn\u00e9ho sult\u00e1na upekli nad ohn\u011bm pomoc\u00ed star\u00e9ho kop\u00ed lahodn\u00e9 pe\u010divo posypan\u00e9 cukrem, sko\u0159ic\u00ed a mandlemi. Sult\u00e1n byl natolik okouzlen chut\u00ed t\u00e9to laskominy. Daroval jim svobodu a nav\u00edc je zasypal zlatem a dovolil jim n\u00e1vrat dom\u016f. O pravdivosti tohoto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu u\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme jenom spekulovat, jist\u00e9 ale je, \u017ee origin\u00e1ln\u00ed trdeln\u00edk je lahodn\u00e1 pochoutka, kterou vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed labu\u017en\u00edci a znalci dobr\u00e9ho j\u00eddla.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> \u010cesk\u00fd labu\u017en\u00edk<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Budeme <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":274982,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/12\/ram-trdelnik.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155758"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=155758"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155758\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":274981,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155758\/revisions\/274981"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/274982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=155758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=155758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=155758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}