{"id":154911,"date":"2020-03-10T09:35:58","date_gmt":"2020-03-10T08:35:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=154911"},"modified":"2022-05-23T13:57:49","modified_gmt":"2022-05-23T12:57:49","slug":"stara-sumava-o-svatku-svateho-rehore","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=154911","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e"},"content":{"rendered":"

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A u\u017e opravdu p\u0159i\u0161el b\u0159ezen – a s n\u00edm sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e. Dnes n\u00e1m na tento den zbyla v pov\u011bdom\u00ed snad jen d\u00e1vn\u00e1 pranostika ,,Na svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e l\u00edn\u00fd sedl\u00e1k, kter\u00fd neo\u0159e\u201c.<\/em> Ano, 12. b\u0159ezen byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jak\u00fdsi neofici\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1tek poln\u00edch prac\u00ed – ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak za\u010d\u00ednaly a\u017e po rozmrznut\u00ed p\u016fdy.<\/h6>\n

Svat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159 se ale kdysi slavil zcela jinak a vesele. Den sv. \u0158eho\u0159e, sv\u00e1tek \u017e\u00e1k\u016f a \u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f, byl slaven v mnoha zem\u00edch Evropy jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka pape\u017ee \u0158eho\u0159e I. (zvolen roku 590), ozna\u010dovan\u00e9ho za u\u010ditele c\u00edrkve. Byl typick\u00fd pro m\u011bsta, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla \u0161koly; na venkov\u011b se \u0161koly objevily a\u017e v 18. stolet\u00ed po reform\u011b c\u00edsa\u0159ovny Marie Terezie.<\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00e9 zah\u00e1jen\u00ed jarn\u00ed orby ale m\u011blo tak\u00e9 sv\u016fj magick\u00fd ob\u0159ad – hospod\u00e1\u0159 pokropil sebe, pluh i zem sv\u011bcenou vodou a po\u017eehnal pole i prvn\u00ed br\u00e1zdu k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem. Kdy\u017e se vr\u00e1til dom\u016f, polila ho hospodyn\u011b vodou, aby byl p\u0159i s\u00edle i v dal\u0161\u00edch dnech. Bez \u010darov\u00e1n\u00ed se neobe\u0161la ani setba, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b koncem 19. stolet\u00ed ru\u010dn\u011b – tedy rozhazov\u00e1n\u00edm z plachty, pov\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 na rameni a p\u0159idr\u017eovan\u00e9 jednou rukou, T\u00e9to placht\u011b se \u0159\u00edkalo rozs\u00edvka a na mnoha m\u00edstech b\u00fdvala i sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edho stolu, co\u017e byl prvn\u00ed magick\u00fd \u00fakon, kter\u00fd m\u011bl zajistit dobrou \u00farodu.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd rovn\u011b\u017e souvisel s V\u00e1nocemi – do osiva se d\u00e1vala zrna, po\u017eehnan\u00e1 v kostele na sv\u00e1tek sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na. P\u0159ed vlastn\u00edm set\u00ed se pak zrno nejprve p\u0159e\u017eehnalo a pokropilo sv\u011bcenou vodou a prvn\u00ed hrst osiva rozhodila na pole do tvaru k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee. S\u00edt se m\u011blo ve dnech, kdy m\u011bs\u00edc dor\u016fstal – to platilo hlavn\u011b pro obil\u00ed a len. A nakonec, kdy\u017e bylo pole oseto, obe\u0161lo se kolem dokola – co\u017e souviselo s v\u00edrou v magickou ochrannou moc kruhu.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed svato\u0159eho\u0159sk\u00fdch slavnost\u00ed b\u00fdvaly v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch tzv. svato\u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 vora\u010dky. Ml\u00e1de\u017e se se\u0161la na n\u00e1vsi a tam jednoho z dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f p\u0159evl\u00e9kla \u201eza ma\u0161karu\u201c. T\u011blo mu obto\u010dili dlouhou \u017eitnou nebo p\u0161eni\u010dnou sl\u00e1mou, na hlavu nasadili \u0161pi\u010datou \u010depici ze sl\u00e1my. Ma\u0161kara m\u011bla obli\u010dej zakryt\u00fd \u0161krabo\u0161kou, nebo alespo\u0148 za\u010dern\u011bn\u00fd. Pr\u016fvod proch\u00e1zel spole\u010dn\u011b vesnic\u00ed za doprovodu hudby a zp\u011bvu a zastavoval se p\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm staven\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Aby se v dom\u011b rodily d\u011bti a ve chl\u00e9vech dobyt\u010data, slepice sn\u00e1\u0161ely v kurn\u00edc\u00edch a kohout nezah\u00e1lel, musela si ka\u017ed\u00e1 hospodyn\u011b s ma\u0161karou zatan\u010dit a za odm\u011bnu ji obdarovat v\u00fdslu\u017ekou. Spolu s hospodyn\u00ed tan\u010dili i mlad\u00ed chlapci a d\u011bv\u010data chod\u00edc\u00ed v pr\u016fvodu. Ve\u010der se ml\u00e1de\u017e se\u0161la v hospod\u011b a spole\u010dn\u011b v\u0161e, co vykoledovali, sn\u011bdli a propili. Na koledu o dni svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e, kter\u00fd byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n nejen za patrona zp\u011bv\u00e1k\u016f a hudebn\u00edk\u016f, ale i student\u016f, chodili v doprovodu \u017e\u00e1k\u016f tak\u00e9 u\u010ditel\u00e9. Chlapci byly p\u0159estrojeni za \u201e\u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky\u201c. M\u011bli sv\u00e9ho \u201ekapr\u00e1la\u201c \u010di \u201eprofouse\u201c, buben\u00edka a prapore\u010dn\u00edka. Buben\u00edk ohla\u0161oval p\u0159\u00edchod pr\u016fvodu. Vyzbrojeno bylo vojsko d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi \u0161avlemi, aby mohlo chr\u00e1nit \u201esvat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e\u201c, studenta a n\u011bkdy i u\u010ditele p\u0159evle\u010den\u00e9ho za biskupa. Na hlav\u011b m\u011bl \u201esvat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159\u201c biskupskou mitru, v ruce nesl biskupskou berlu.<\/p>\n

V doprovodu \u201esvat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e\u201c ob\u010das nechyb\u011bli ani and\u011bl\u00e9, p\u0159edstavovan\u00ed nejmlad\u0161\u00edmi studenty. \u201e\u0158eho\u0159ovi voj\u00e1ci\u201c p\u0159ed staven\u00edmi od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vali \u0159\u00edkanky a vyz\u00fdvali rodi\u010de, aby d\u011bti pos\u00edlali do \u0161koly. Ti se od \u201e\u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky\u201c sv\u00fdch ratolest\u00ed, jejich\u017e ruce pot\u0159ebovali na ja\u0159e na poli a v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, vykupovali moukou, kouskem \u0161peku nebo drobn\u00fdmi mincemi. Koledn\u00edci jim za v\u00fdslu\u017eku p\u0159ed odchodem sborov\u011b d\u011bkovali:
\nZapla\u0165 V\u00e1m to Kristus P\u00e1n<\/em>
\n v tom nebesk\u00e9m r\u00e1ji, kde svat\u00fd \u0158eho\u0159 p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1,<\/em>
\n P\u00e1na Boha chv\u00e1l\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj: \u017divotn\u00ed styl, lidov\u00e9 zvyky, tradice a venkovsk\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  A <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":186951,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/10\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-star\u00e1-\u0161umava.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154911"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=154911"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":186952,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154911\/revisions\/186952"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/186951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=154911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=154911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=154911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}