{"id":154546,"date":"2026-02-18T18:49:51","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T17:49:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=154546"},"modified":"2026-02-18T18:49:51","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T17:49:51","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-o-postnim-stravovani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=154546","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: O postn\u00edm stravov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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P\u0159\u00edpravn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00edm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 velikono\u010dn\u00ed kaj\u00edc\u00ed doba \u010di doba postn\u00ed. Dny, o nich\u017e se k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed na nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ud\u00e1lost c\u00edrkevn\u00edho roku, byly od nejstar\u0161\u00edch dob spojeny s dobrovoln\u00fdm p\u016fstem.<\/h6>\n

V dob\u011b p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fstu bylo zvykem j\u00edst jednou denn\u011b. Postn\u00ed praxe se zm\u00edrnila s n\u00e1stupem humanismu a renesance. Dnes se jako dny p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9ho p\u016fstu dodr\u017euj\u00ed Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159eda a Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek. Je doporu\u010dov\u00e1no, ne na\u0159izov\u00e1na \u00fajma od masa a v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed jed\u00ed dosyta jen jednou za den. Velikono\u010dn\u00ed kaj\u00edc\u00ed doba trv\u00e1 nyn\u00ed od Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edy do za\u010d\u00e1tku m\u0161e na pam\u00e1tku Ve\u010de\u0159e P\u00e1n\u011b na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159icetihodinov\u00fd p\u016fst se postupn\u011b prodlou\u017eil na 40 dn\u016f, symbolicky vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch dobu pob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed na pou\u0161ti. Nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00ed p\u016fst dodnes dodr\u017euj\u00ed pravoslavn\u00ed. Hned za nimi co do tvrdosti a d\u00e9lky postn\u00edch na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed, \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed se t\u0159et\u00edm c\u00edrkevn\u00edm p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edm: \u201eUstanoven\u00e9 posty zachov\u00e1vati.\u201c<\/p>\n

Po\u010d\u00ednaje Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou p\u0159estaly ve\u0161ker\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 z\u00e1bavy a radov\u00e1nky. Na vesnic\u00edch se \u017eeny a d\u00edvky nesch\u00e1zely ani k ve\u010dern\u00edm p\u0159\u00e1stk\u00e1m. P\u0159edlo se a pe\u0159\u00ed se dralo doma. Vesel\u00e9 masopustn\u00ed pop\u011bvky a sv\u011btsk\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b, doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edt\u00edm \u017eeny a d\u00edvky p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci, vyst\u0159\u00eddaly postn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b. Po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tane\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1bav a n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva ples\u016f nebo divadeln\u00edch p\u0159edstaven\u00ed se sv\u011btskou tematikou byly v dob\u011b p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fstu pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za h\u0159\u00edch. V rodin\u00e1ch bylo je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed 1. sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou zvykem modlit se v postn\u00ed dob\u011b po klek\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016f\u017eenec. \u010cas duchovn\u00edho rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed dopl\u0148ovalo umrtvov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bla.<\/p>\n

Po obdob\u00ed masopustn\u00edch hostin a dostatku se na stolech objevovaly jednoduch\u00e9 a nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 pokrmy, a to jednou denn\u011b. Krom\u011b ned\u011bl\u00ed se nepod\u00e1vala masit\u00e1 j\u00eddla. N\u011bkde se maso na stole neobjevovalo po dobu p\u016fstu v\u016fbec. Je\u0161t\u011b v 16. stolet\u00ed \u0159ezn\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed by v post\u011b prod\u00e1vali maso, hrozilo uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed a pokuta. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch je\u0161t\u011b v dob\u011b p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce p\u0159etrval od dob st\u0159edov\u011bku zvyk, \u017ee \u0159eznick\u00e9 kr\u00e1my m\u011bly zav\u0159eno ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u00e1tek a o Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159ed\u011b, Zelen\u00e9m \u010dtvrtku, Velk\u00e9m p\u00e1tku a B\u00edl\u00e9 sobot\u011b. \u017divo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 tuky hospodyn\u011b b\u011bhem p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00edho kaj\u00edc\u00edho \u010dasu nepou\u017e\u00edvaly ani o ned\u011bl\u00edch a nahrazovaly je konopn\u00fdm, makov\u00fdm nebo ln\u011bn\u00fdm olejem. Nepou\u017e\u00edvalo se ml\u00e9ko, ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky a vejce: A co kr\u00e1va nebo koza nadoj\u00ed, toho pro sv\u011bdom\u00ed nesm\u011bj\u00ed se dotknouti. A velik\u00fd h\u0159\u00edch to v\u0161e u nich jest (\u2026).(PETR CHEL\u010cICK\u00dd).<\/p>\n

K prvn\u00edmu j\u00eddlu se rodina sch\u00e1zela ve v\u0161edn\u00ed den a\u017e ve\u010der. Jedl se hlavn\u011b chl\u00e9b, zelenina a r\u016fzn\u011b upravovan\u00e9 su\u0161en\u00e9 ovoce. O such\u00fdch dnech se sm\u011bl po\u017e\u00edvat pouze such\u00fd chl\u00e9b. Jen mal\u00e9 d\u011bti, sta\u0159\u00ed a nemocn\u00ed si k n\u011bmu sm\u011bli dop\u0159\u00e1t ovoce nebo zeleninu.<\/p>\n

V na\u0161ich zem\u00edch obvykl\u00fdmi postn\u00edmi pokrmy byly r\u016fzn\u00e9 zasma\u017een\u00e9 pol\u00e9vky, ka\u0161e, placky a vdolky. Ty se nemastily, ale jedla se k nim povidla a rozva\u0159en\u00e9 su\u0161en\u00e9 ovoce. K obl\u00edben\u00fdm pol\u00e9vk\u00e1m pat\u0159ila hrachov\u00e1, \u010do\u010dkov\u00e1 a fazolov\u00e1, zeln\u00e1, bramborov\u00e1, km\u00ednov\u00e1, kyselo a \u010desnekov\u00fd oukrop. Typick\u00fdmi postn\u00edmi pokrmy byla pu\u010d\u00e1lka nebo p\u00e1lenec a pra\u017ema. Krom\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch lu\u0161t\u011bninov\u00fdch, ovesn\u00fdch, j\u00e1hlov\u00fdch, pohankov\u00fdch a obiln\u00fdch ka\u0161\u00ed se na vesnic\u00edch p\u0159ipravovaly ka\u0161e z m\u00e1ku nebo semence. K nejstar\u0161\u00edm postn\u00edm pokrm\u016fm pat\u0159ily rovn\u011b\u017e kroupy a hr\u00e1ch , kter\u00e9mu se pro jeho vedlej\u0161\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed na lidsk\u00e9 za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ezd\u00edvalo \u201eko\u010di\u010d\u00ed sezd\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c nebo \u201esvarba\u201c. Kroup\u00e1m uva\u0159en\u00fdm s \u010do\u010dkou se zase \u0159\u00edkalo \u201eko\u010di\u010d\u00ed tanec\u201c.<\/p>\n

A\u0165 ji\u017e v dob\u011b p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fstu p\u0159i\u0161el na st\u016fl jak\u00fdkoliv pokrm, v\u017edy platilo, \u017ee strava mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00edce ne\u017e skromn\u00e1: (k j\u00eddlu jsou) chl\u00e9b (\u2026) kroupy a krupice, hr\u00e1ch a \u010do\u010dka, proso a m\u00e1k, ze zelenin mrkev, okrouhlice a zel\u00ed (\u2026) a pak p\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e1 a je\u010dn\u00e1 mouka (\u2026) jedin\u00fdm ko\u0159en\u00edm jest s\u016fl a co roste v zahr\u00e1dce \u2013 petr\u017eel a k\u0159en, cibule a \u010desnek s marj\u00e1nkou. (JIND\u0158ICH \u0160IMON BAAR, JAN CIMBURA).<\/p>\n

Pra\u017ema spolu s pu\u010d\u00e1lkou pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm postn\u00edm pokrm\u016fm. P\u0159ipravovala se v pra\u017enic\u00edch pra\u017een\u00edm je\u010dmene. P\u016fvodn\u011b se na roz\u017ehaven\u00e9m kameni pra\u017eily cel\u00e9 mlad\u00e9, mnohdy nedozr\u00e1l\u00e9 klasy. Upra\u017een\u00e9 zrno, promnut\u00e9 v rukou a zbaven\u00e9 plev, bylo nejen straviteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e syrov\u00e9, ale i chutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a aromati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Kdysi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 pra\u017ema v\u0161ak b\u011bhem 19. stolet\u00ed nadobro vymizela i z venkovsk\u00fdch kuchyn\u00ed. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f pra\u017ema p\u0159e\u017eila v pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b na severoamerick\u00e9m kontinent\u011b.<\/p>\n

Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech americk\u00fdch prod\u00e1van\u00e9mu popcornu, tedy pra\u017een\u00e9 kuku\u0159ici, pr\u00fd dal vzniknout pr\u00e1v\u011b zvyk j\u00edst pra\u017emu. Kdy\u017e vyst\u011bhovalc\u016fm z Evropy, osidluj\u00edc\u00edm necivilizovanou americkou divo\u010dinu, do\u0161ly obilniny, pou\u017eili k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b obl\u00edben\u00e9 pochoutky zrna indi\u00e1ny p\u011bstovan\u00e9 kuku\u0159ice a popcorn byl na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jednou z nejstar\u0161\u00edch \u00faprav hrachu, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159il d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e v na\u0161ich zem\u00edch zdom\u00e1cn\u011bly brambory, hlavn\u00ed slo\u017eku j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku bohat\u00fdch i chud\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, je bezpochyby pu\u010d\u00e1lka. Tento kdysi velmi obl\u00edben\u00fd pokrm pat\u0159\u00edval v pohansk\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch mezi ob\u0159adn\u00ed j\u00eddla p\u0159ipravovan\u00e1 z cel\u00fdch zrn a pod\u00e1van\u00e1 o zimn\u00edm a letn\u00edm slunovratu.<\/p>\n

Po v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed se pu\u010d\u00e1lka pod\u00e1vala i o nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho roku, o Velikonoc\u00edch a o V\u00e1noc\u00edch. V Praze ji v proslaven\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch Kotc\u00edch prod\u00e1valy tzv. baby pu\u010d\u00e1lnice. Hrachovou pochoutku pra\u017eily nejd\u0159\u00edve na p\u0159enosn\u00fdch kotl\u00edc\u00edch, pozd\u011bji na kam\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Krom\u011b jednoduch\u00fdch a rychl\u00fdch n\u00e1vod\u016f na p\u0159\u00edpravu j\u00eddel z hrachu se dochovala \u0159ada slo\u017eit\u00fdch a n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch kucha\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f na hr\u00e1ch sladk\u00fd, slan\u00fd nebo d\u0159en\u00fd (prota\u017een\u00fd cedidlem). Do prolisovan\u00e9ho hrachu se nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159id\u00e1valy krom\u011b cukru hrozinky a z hmoty se pak l\u017e\u00edc\u00ed vykrajovaly kuli\u010dky, kter\u00e9 se sma\u017eily na p\u00e1nv\u00edch. \u201ePohansk\u00fd\u201c hr\u00e1ch se ochucoval medem a drcen\u00fdmi mandlemi. Pu\u010d\u00e1lka se pod\u00e1vala jak o v\u0161edn\u00edch dnech, tak o sv\u00e1tc\u00edch, a j\u00eddala se i v dob\u011b p\u016fst\u016f. O jej\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enosti jako postn\u00ed krmi sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00ed ned\u011ble p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00edho postn\u00edho \u010dasu. Pu\u010d\u00e1lka se pod\u00e1vala tak\u00e9 o \u010dtvrt\u00e9 postn\u00ed ned\u011bli, tzv. Dru\u017eebn\u00e9, a v mnoha dom\u00e1cnostech nesm\u011bla chyb\u011bt ani o ned\u011bli Smrteln\u00e9 \u010di Smrtn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Encyklopedie c\u00edrkevn\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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