{"id":153677,"date":"2023-02-14T19:47:44","date_gmt":"2023-02-14T18:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=153677"},"modified":"2023-02-14T19:47:44","modified_gmt":"2023-02-14T18:47:44","slug":"stara-sumava-masopust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=153677","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Masopust"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"Na\u0161i d\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9 si na bujar\u00e9 masopustn\u00ed vesel\u00ed velmi potrp\u011bli, co\u017e b\u00fdvalo mnohdy c\u00edrkvi trnem v oku.<\/h6>\n

Tehdy ov\u0161em b\u00fdval masopust pon\u011bkud hlu\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a rozpustilej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e-li dnes. Ka\u017ed\u00fd se sna\u017eil si u\u017e\u00edt masopustn\u00edch kratochv\u00edl\u00ed jak nejl\u00e9pe um\u011bl. Veselil se bohat\u00fd i chud\u00fd, p\u00e1n i slouha, mistr i tovary\u0161. Ka\u017ed\u00fd jedl masopustn\u00ed \u0161i\u0161ky a kobl\u00ed\u017eky, vesele pop\u00edjel, zp\u00edval a tan\u010dil p\u0159i hudb\u011b pi\u0161tc\u016f a hudc\u016f. V\u017edy\u0165 i \u010de\u0161t\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 v tu dobu strojili n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 masopustn\u00ed kvasy, na kter\u00fdch hodovali se v\u0161emi pozvan\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

V \u017eivot\u011b mnoha lidsk\u00fdch generac\u00ed hr\u00e1l d\u016fle\u017eitou \u00falohu jako zlomov\u00fd bod na rozhran\u00ed dvou ro\u010dn\u00edch etap. Jednalo se o dobu pom\u011brn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho klidu. Dokon\u010dovaly se je\u0161t\u011b drobn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce z p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho roku (dran\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed, p\u0159\u00e1stky, ml\u00e1cen\u00ed obil\u00ed), ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 se v\u0161ichni p\u0159ipravovali na bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se jaro, po\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny. Souvisela s t\u00edm i \u0159ada symbolick\u00fdch magick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f a pov\u011br, maj\u00edc\u00edch zajistit jednak blahonosn\u00fd a plodonosn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek, jednak ochr\u00e1nit usedlost p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi silami a nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi vlivy….<\/p>\n

Masopust p\u0159edstavuje obdob\u00ed vesel\u00ed, j\u00eddla, hodov\u00e1n\u00ed a tancova\u010dek. Jak tedy m\u016f\u017ee souviset p\u016fvod slova se slovem p\u016fst ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm naopak obdob\u00ed zdr\u017eenlivosti? Tato na prvn\u00ed pohled z\u0159ejm\u00e1 souvislost je pouze zd\u00e1nliv\u00e1. Podobnost vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 a\u017e z dne\u0161n\u00ed formy obou slov – pust a p\u016fst.<\/p>\n

Slovo masopust je dokl\u00e1d\u00e1no v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b ji\u017e od 14. stolet\u00ed a b\u011bhem v\u00fdvoje do novo\u010de\u0161tiny v n\u011bm nedo\u0161lo k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm hl\u00e1skov\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m.Slovo p\u016fst v\u0161ak ve staro\u010de\u0161tin\u011b zn\u011blo p\u00f3st nebo puost. Staro\u010deskou podobu p\u00f3st m\u016f\u017eeme d\u00e1t do souvislosti i s n\u011bmeck\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem slova Fasten, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 ozna\u010duje p\u016fst nebo postn\u00ed dobu. Ve slov\u011b masopust pak druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st slova nesouvis\u00ed s p\u016fstem, ale se slovesem pustit se n\u011b\u010deho – v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pustit se masa.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u011b tedy slovo masopust ozna\u010dovalo dobu, kdy se podle c\u00edrkevn\u00edch zvyklost\u00ed nejedlo maso a jako masopust byla ozna\u010dov\u00e1na doba velikono\u010dn\u00edho \u010di l\u00e9pe p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fstu – od Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edy do Velikonoc. Tento p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdznam se v\u0161ak krom\u011b staroslov\u011bn\u0161tiny nedochoval v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m ze sou\u010dasn\u00fdch slovansk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f, ani v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n

Postupn\u011b se slovem masopust za\u010dal ozna\u010dovat jin\u00fd \u00fasek roku – doba trvaj\u00edc\u00ed od T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f- od 6. ledna , doba po V\u00e1noc\u00edch a\u017e do Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edy, kter\u00e1 je za\u010d\u00e1tkem velikono\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fstu. Postupn\u011b se ve shod\u011b s liturgick\u00fdm kalend\u00e1\u0159em z\u00fa\u017eil \u010dasov\u00fd v\u00fdznam na ozna\u010den\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed dn\u016f p\u0159ed Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou- na ozna\u010den\u00ed ned\u011ble, pond\u011bl\u00ed a \u00fater\u00fd p\u0159ed Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou. Tyto dny nabyly velk\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu hlavn\u011b v lidov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, byly a \u010dasto je\u0161t\u011b jsou obdob\u00edm ma\u0161karn\u00edch pr\u016fvod\u016f, b\u00e1l\u016f a veselen\u00ed. V lidov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed byl p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00fdm dnem na masopust tak\u00e9 tzv. tu\u010dn\u00fd \u010dtvrtek neboli tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k – \u010dtvrtek p\u0159ed masopustn\u00ed ned\u011bl\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dnes m\u00e1 ale slovo masopust v\u00fdznam jin\u00fd, ozna\u010duje sp\u00ed\u0161e cel\u00e9 obdob\u00ed po V\u00e1noc\u00edch, tedy cel\u00e9 obdob\u00ed vesel\u00ed p\u0159ed velikono\u010dn\u00edm p\u016fstem. V jin\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch se masopust ozna\u010duje tak\u00e9 jako karneval. Karneval je slovo p\u0159ejat\u00e9 do \u010de\u0161tiny z ital\u0161tiny. Carni vale-p\u016fvodn\u011b znamen\u00e1 dej vale masu, opus\u0165 maso, dej sbohem masu. I u tohoto dnes mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho slova do\u0161lo k podobn\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji jako u \u010desk\u00e9ho masopustu, z hlediska p\u016fvodn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu karneval je tot\u00e9\u017e co masopust.<\/p>\n

S masopustem souvis\u00ed tane\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1bavy, b\u00e1ly a plesy. Slovo b\u00e1l souvis\u00ed s \u0159eck\u00fdm slovem ballidzein – tancovat, ples je slovo v\u0161eslovansk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, dodnes plesat jako archaismus znamen\u00e1 tak\u00e9 radovat se. A pokud si je\u0161t\u011b vzpomenete na slova reduta a \u0161ib\u0159inky nebo se s nimi setk\u00e1te v literatu\u0159e, mohli bychom p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee reduta jako n\u00e1zev plesu poch\u00e1z\u00ed z latiny, kde reductus znamen\u00e1 odlehl\u00fd, na stranou le\u017e\u00edc\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b. Postupn\u011b se jako reduta ozna\u010dovalo m\u00edsto tane\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1bavy, pozd\u011bji z\u00e1bava sama. Slovo se u\u017e\u00edvalo pro ozna\u010den\u00ed tane\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1bavy p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u0160ib\u0159inky vybral jako slovo ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b sokolsk\u00e9 tane\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1bavy Miroslav Tyr\u0161, mysl\u00edm, \u017ee se se \u0161ib\u0159inkami m\u016f\u017eeme setkat jako se slovem obnoven\u00fdm i dnes. Ve star\u00e9 \u010de\u0161tin\u011b ozna\u010dovaly \u0161ib\u0159inky jak\u00e9koli po\u0161etilosti.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Alena Ch\u00fdlov\u00e1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/div>\n
Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/div>\n
\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na\u0161i d\u00e1vn\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":273199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/14\/ram-sumava-masopust.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153677"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=153677"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":273198,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153677\/revisions\/273198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/273199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=153677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=153677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=153677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}