{"id":152889,"date":"2023-03-22T22:19:44","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T21:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=152889"},"modified":"2023-03-24T12:46:17","modified_gmt":"2023-03-24T11:46:17","slug":"stara-sumava-zapomenuty-svet-flasinetu-a-jarmarecnich-pisni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=152889","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Zapomenut\u00fd sv\u011bt fla\u0161inetu a jarmare\u010dn\u00edch p\u00edsn\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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 <\/p>\n

Fla\u0161inet\u00e1\u0159<\/h6>\n

Chaloupka d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1, do\u0161ky je pokryta,<\/em>
\nchoul\u00ed se u \u0159eky, vl\u00eddn\u011b v\u00e1s p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1.<\/em>
\n\u017dije tu sta\u0159e\u010dek, nikoho nem\u00e1,<\/em>
\nd\u00e1vno u\u017e zem\u0159ela mu jeho \u017eena.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tolik se tr\u00e1pila, mu\u010dil ji \u017eal,<\/em>
\ndrav\u00fd proud \u0159eky jim Ani\u010dku vzal.<\/em>
\nJen kol\u00e9bka zastr\u010dena v rohu,<\/em>
\np\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 tu \u0161\u0165astnou dobu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Krokem u\u017e znaven\u00fdm fla\u0161inet tla\u010d\u00ed,<\/em>
\npo\u010das\u00ed \u0161kared\u00e9, skoro a\u017e k pl\u00e1\u010di.<\/em>
\nNem\u016f\u017ee leno\u0161it, mus\u00ed j\u00edt hr\u00e1t,<\/em>
\nnem\u00e1 kde pen\u00edze na j\u00eddlo br\u00e1t.<\/em><\/p>\n

Chatrn\u00fd od\u011bv zah\u0159\u00e1t nesta\u010d\u00ed,<\/em>
\nteplou pol\u00e9vku m\u00e1 nejrad\u0161i.<\/em>
\nV kachlov\u00fdch kamnech a\u017e zatop\u00ed,<\/em>
\nzk\u0159ehl\u00e9 ruce r\u016f\u017eenec uchop\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Chra\u0148 m\u011b a opatruj Pane m\u016fj,<\/em>
\nv m\u00e9m t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b p\u0159i m\u011b st\u016fj.<\/em>
\n\u0160edivou hlavu si zabo\u0159\u00ed do dlan\u00ed,<\/em>
\nve\u010dern\u00edm tichem zn\u00ed jeho vzlyk\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Fla\u0161inet z franc. flageolet [fla\u017eol\u00e8], kolovr\u00e1tek. D\u0159\u00edv tyto n\u00e1stroje slou\u017eily i v kostelech. Nahrazovaly dokonce varhany, proto\u017ee byly levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Z fla\u0161inet\u016f tady zn\u011bly r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u017ealmy, chor\u00e1ly, c\u00edrkevn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed je skute\u010dn\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9. Fla\u0161inet\u00e1\u0159i obch\u00e1zeli dvory a hr\u00e1li a zp\u00edvali pod pavla\u010demi, lid\u00e9 jim h\u00e1zeli drobn\u00e9. Takov\u00fd obr\u00e1zek zn\u00e1me ze star\u00fdch film\u016f. Pro fla\u0161inet\u00e1\u0159e je v\u017edy nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br m\u00edsta. Kdy\u017e m\u00e1 dobr\u00e9 m\u00edsto a lid\u00e9 si na jeho kolovr\u00e1tek zvyknou, za\u010dne b\u00fdt fla\u0161inet\u00e1\u0159 jeho sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, dotv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jeho kolorit.<\/h6>\n

Nechte se p\u0159en\u00e9st do atmosf\u00e9ry pout\u00ed a venkovn\u00edch slavnost\u00ed z 19. stolet\u00ed, kde fla\u0161inety tvo\u0159ily ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1bavy. Koncem 19. stolet\u00ed bylo v n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u011bstech tolik fla\u0161inet\u00e1\u0159\u016f, \u017ee jejich po\u010det musel b\u00fdt redukov\u00e1n. Fla\u0161inet, \u010desky tak\u00e9 kolovr\u00e1tek, se ust\u00e1lil u\u017e v 18. stolet\u00ed a p\u016fvodn\u011b slou\u017eily k v\u00fduce zp\u011bvn\u00e9ho ptactva nov\u00fdm melodi\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Fla\u0161inet\u00e1\u0159i se rekrutovali z r\u016fzn\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch vrstev i povol\u00e1n\u00ed a v Evrop\u011b pat\u0159ili neodmysliteln\u011b k sou\u010d\u00e1sti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho prostoru. Byli to v\u011bt\u0161inou lid\u00e9, \u017eivo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed na okraji spole\u010dnosti, jako \u017eebr\u00e1ci, zkrachoval\u00e9 existence, invalidn\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, ale tak\u00e9 sv\u011bt\u00e1ci, pro kter\u00e9 fla\u0161inet p\u0159edstavoval v\u00fdznamn\u00fd zdroj ob\u017eivy. V dob\u011b Rakousko Uherska jste na n\u011b ale mohli narazit celkem b\u011b\u017en\u011b. Voj\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed bojovali za c\u00edsa\u0159e p\u00e1na, se \u010dasto vraceli se zran\u011bn\u00edm. Zp\u011bt do v\u00e1lky nemohli, ale bez ruky nebo nohy by se jen t\u011b\u017eko u\u017eivili. Dostali proto fla\u0161inet a mo\u017enost si p\u0159ivyd\u011blat pouli\u010dn\u00ed hrou.<\/p>\n

Dnes bychom \u0159ekli, \u017ee fla\u0161inet slou\u017eil jako trafika. \u010clov\u011bk, kter\u00fd hr\u00e1l na fla\u0161inet a m\u011bl vedle sebe klobouk na drobn\u00e9, nebyl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u017eebr\u00e1ka, nikdo ho z ulice nevyhazoval. Bylo to zkr\u00e1tka hudebn\u00ed povol\u00e1n\u00ed. Historie fla\u0161inetu nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b jasn\u00e1 a zdokumentovan\u00e1. V\u00ed se, \u017ee mechanick\u00e1 hudba a p\u0159edch\u016fdci fla\u0161inet\u016f p\u0159i\u0161li z Orientu. Nejd\u0159\u00edve to byla v\u00fdsada jenom kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch dvor\u016f, potom se fla\u0161inety dost\u00e1valy do \u0161lechtick\u00fdch rodin a pak mezi m\u011b\u0161\u0165any. A\u017e nakonec mezi prost\u00fd lid.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00fd \u010dasopis Dalibor z roku 1879 uv\u00e1d\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enosti pra\u017esk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f. Ti to u\u017e nemohli poslouchat. Po\u0159\u00e1d dokola hr\u00e1la ta sam\u00e1 p\u00edsni\u010dka. To se zm\u011bnilo po\u010d\u00e1tkem 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy to u\u017e nebyla jednotv\u00e1rn\u00e1 p\u00edse\u0148, kter\u00e1 trv\u00e1 minutu a p\u016fl. M\u00edsto okol\u00ed\u010dkovan\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce se za\u010dal zav\u00e1d\u011bt pap\u00edrov\u00fd perforovan\u00fd p\u00e1s. Na jeden v\u00e1lec se ve\u0161lo osm a\u017e deset skladeb. Fla\u0161inet\u00e1\u0159 jenom jemn\u011b posunul v\u00e1lec doprava nebo doleva a p\u0159\u00edstroj za\u010dal \u010d\u00edst jinou stopu z toho v\u00e1lce.<\/p>\n

T\u00e9ma kram\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u00edsn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly nezastupiteln\u00e9 m\u00edsto v kultu\u0159e na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b a na kter\u00e9 se bohu\u017eel posledn\u00ed dobou zapom\u00edn\u00e1. A co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 pod pojmem kram\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 p\u00edse\u0148? Byla to jarmare\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edse\u0148, kter\u00e1 se zp\u00edvala na trz\u00edch a jarmarc\u00edch, a m\u011bla funkci zpravodajskou. Pozd\u011bji byl jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam ryze p\u00eds\u0148ov\u00fd a nejv\u00edce byla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena v 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b jsou na mal\u00e9m form\u00e1tu dvojlistu, pozd\u011bji i \u010dty\u0159listu. Tituln\u00ed str\u00e1nka nese n\u00e1zev a jednoduch\u00e9 vyobrazen\u00ed zp\u00edvan\u00e9ho textu. P\u00edsn\u011b zp\u00edval na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed nebo jednoduch\u00fd pop\u011bvek fla\u0161inet\u00e1\u0159, pozd\u011bji harmonik\u00e1\u0159 a p\u0159i sv\u00e9m zp\u011bvu s\u00e1m, nebo jeho dru\u017eka ukazovali d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdm ukazov\u00e1tkem na velk\u00fd, naivn\u011b kreslen\u00fd zp\u00edvan\u00fd d\u011bj d\u011blen\u00fd do jednotliv\u00fdch pol\u00ed na pap\u00edrov\u00e9m nebo pl\u00e1t\u011bn\u00e9m let\u00e1ku. Takto se sd\u011blovaly novinky po m\u011bstech i vesnic\u00edch.<\/p>\n

P\u00edsni\u010dk\u00e1\u0159i byli v\u00edt\u00e1ni v hospod\u00e1ch, na statc\u00edch a dvorech, kde touto formou pod\u00e1vali m\u00edstn\u00edmu obyvatelstvu informace o ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech v \u0161irok\u00e9m okol\u00ed. Bohat\u00fd reperto\u00e1r p\u00edsni\u010dk\u00e1\u0159e plynule p\u0159ech\u00e1zel z p\u00edsn\u011b o ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 l\u00e1sce, man\u017eelstv\u00ed, velk\u00e9m po\u017e\u00e1ru, povodni, nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9mu z\u00e1zraku \u010di dramaticky vyl\u00ed\u010den\u00e9mu mord\u00e9\u0159sk\u00e9mu d\u011bji, tedy d\u011bji o vra\u017ed\u00e1ch a travi\u010dstv\u00ed, v\u00e1lce a\u017e k nejmlad\u0161\u00edmu t\u00e9matu – politick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. Na konci ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b bylo vlo\u017eeno pou\u010den\u00ed, nebo pok\u00e1r\u00e1n\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji p\u00edsn\u011b zp\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u00edsni\u010dk\u00e1\u0159i z \u0159ad vojensk\u00fdch vyslou\u017eilc\u016f, kter\u00fdm byla dokonce ud\u011blov\u00e1na licence pro ob\u017eivu p\u00edsn\u00ed a hran\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed se kram\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b pomalu vytr\u00e1cej\u00ed a postupn\u011b na jejich \u010dinnost navazuj\u00ed p\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 let\u00e1ky – barevn\u011b dekorovan\u00e9 tisky a kuplety, pozd\u011bji n\u00e1m zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako kabaretn\u00ed produkce. V tuzemsku v\u00fdroba fla\u0161inet\u016f fakticky skon\u010dila n\u00e1stupem komunist\u016f v \u00fanoru 1948. Fla\u0161inety byly znamen\u00edm star\u00fdch \u010das\u016f, monarchie. Nebylo \u00fapln\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9, aby se n\u011bkde objevovaly. Plno jich bylo demonstrativn\u011b zni\u010deno. Socialistick\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk nen\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00fd toho, aby chodil s fla\u0161inetem po \u017eebrot\u011b.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Historie hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. b\u00e1se\u0148 Fla\u0161inet\u00e1\u0159 Jitka Svobodov\u00e1<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Fla\u0161inet\u00e1\u0159 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":275518,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/22\/ram-flasinet.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152889"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=152889"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152889\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":275519,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152889\/revisions\/275519"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/275518"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=152889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=152889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=152889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}