{"id":151811,"date":"2020-01-30T18:55:20","date_gmt":"2020-01-30T17:55:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=151811"},"modified":"2020-01-30T18:56:01","modified_gmt":"2020-01-30T17:56:01","slug":"stara-sumava-hromnice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=151811","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Hromnice"},"content":{"rendered":"

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A kde se vzalo pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Hromnice? Za\u010dalo se v\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee sv\u00ed\u010dky posv\u011bcen\u00e9 v kostele dok\u00e1\u017eou ochr\u00e1nit staven\u00ed p\u0159ed blesky a hromy. Sv\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1m se proto za\u010dalo \u0159\u00edkal hromni\u010dky a sv\u00e1tku odvozen\u011b Hromnice. Plamen sv\u00ed\u010dky je symbolem touhy lidsk\u00e9 du\u0161e k p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed temn\u00fdch sil. Zap\u00e1len\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky tak\u00e9 chr\u00e1nily p\u0159ed nemocemi i p\u0159ed smrt\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00edce se stav\u011bly k lo\u017ei um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho nebo se mu vkl\u00e1daly do rukou, aby ho sv\u011btlo prov\u00e1zelo na v\u011b\u010dnost. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch obch\u00e1zel hospod\u00e1\u0159 se zap\u00e1lenou hromni\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edc\u00ed v\u010del\u00ed \u00faly, aby si zajistil hojnost medu. Bohat\u011b zdoben\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky hromni\u010dky nab\u00edzeli vosk\u00e1\u0159i na pout\u00edch…<\/p>\n

Lidov\u00e9 zvyky a tradice kdysi doprov\u00e1zely \u017eivot lid\u00ed b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho roku. Zejm\u00e9na na venkov\u011b, kter\u00fd byl v\u017edy v\u00edce ne\u017e m\u011bsto sv\u00e1zan\u00fd s p\u0159\u00edrodou a jej\u00edmi \u017eivly. Zvyky byly spjaty p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se \u017eivotem c\u00edrkve \u2013 jednotliv\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky, ud\u00e1losti a v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed v\u017edy dopl\u0148ovaly lidov\u00e9 slavnosti\u2026 Zima se po\u010d\u00e1tkem \u00fanora l\u00e1me do druh\u00e9 poloviny a je zn\u00e1t i ta hodina nav\u00edc. I bez \u010dasom\u00edry si toho nemohli nev\u0161imnout sta\u0159\u00ed Slovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek Hromnice 2. \u00fanora souvis\u00ed ale s hromem a s prvn\u00edmi zah\u0159m\u011bn\u00edmi oznamuj\u00edc\u00ed probuzen\u00ed ze zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku Peruna, hlavn\u00edho Boha hromu a blesku a tedy i probouzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody a p\u0159\u00edchod jara. Jarn\u00edm bleskem se probouzej\u00ed i v\u0161echna ostatn\u00ed bo\u017estva a v\u0161e se otv\u00edr\u00e1 k nov\u00e9mu \u017eivotu, zat\u00edmco temn\u00ed duchov\u00e9 zimy zal\u00e9zaj\u00ed do sv\u00fdch d\u011br a skr\u00fd\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na Hromnice se ji\u017e o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 jaro, ale to je je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkde daleko, vysoko nad mraky, zima je\u0161t\u011b um\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b ude\u0159it. Ne\u017e se p\u0159\u00edroda prosv\u011btl\u00ed teplem a slun\u00ed\u010dkem, n\u011bjakou chv\u00edli si je\u0161t\u011b po\u010dk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V tomto obdob\u00ed b\u00fdvalo tak\u00e9 zvykem vyorat prvn\u00ed jarn\u00ed br\u00e1zdu. Orba prob\u011bhla slavnostn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem s ozdoben\u00fdmi pluhy a nazdoben\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty. Pluhy se p\u0159ed po\u010d\u00e1tkem orby \u201ek\u0159tily\u201c p\u00e1lenkou, tak se mohla vyorat jedna br\u00e1zda za doprovodu mlad\u00fdch d\u00edvek. Do br\u00e1zdy byly potom vkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny kousky chleba a s\u00fdra, aby zem\u011b l\u00e9pe rodila.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sv\u00e1tku Hromnic b\u00fdvala slavnost \u201eochrann\u00fdch oh\u0148\u016f\u201c. P\u0159ed vchodem do domu se zapalovaly mal\u00e9 ohn\u00ed\u010dky. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee maj\u00ed moc ochr\u00e1nit d\u016fm nejen p\u0159ed \u00faderem blesku, ale i p\u0159ed krupobit\u00edm. V tento den se tak\u00e9 zh\u00e1\u0161ely ohn\u011b v kov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch. Po vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ohni\u0161t\u011b je znovu sm\u011bly zap\u00e1lit jen mlad\u00e9 d\u00edvky. P\u0159enesen z\u016fstal zvyk ochrann\u00fdch oh\u0148\u016f vt\u011blen ve hromni\u010dk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 mnoz\u00ed z n\u00e1s pamatuj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b u sv\u00fdch babi\u010dek. Hromni\u010dka m\u011bla v lidov\u00e9 tradici ov\u0161em mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed. D\u00e1vala se do rukou mrtv\u00e9mu, aby mu posv\u00edtila na cestu do z\u00e1sv\u011bt\u00ed, obch\u00e1zely se s n\u00ed \u00faly, aby se v\u010del\u00e1m da\u0159ilo a byly zdrav\u00e9, zapichovala se do bochn\u00edku chleba p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed utopence.<\/p>\n

Sta\u0159\u00ed Slovan\u00e9 to oslavovali vesele a buja\u0159e a mnoha ritu\u00e1ly. Je\u0161t\u011b v 19. stolet\u00ed v \u010cech\u00e1ch p\u0159i jarn\u00edm h\u0159m\u011bn\u00ed klekali a l\u00edbali zem. Ve sv\u011btnic\u00edch p\u0159em\u00eds\u0165ovali \u017eidle a stoly, h\u00fdbali n\u00e1dobami, na dvo\u0159e nadzved\u00e1vali vozy, \u0161ermovali poln\u00edm n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00edm k nebi a vyb\u00edhali p\u0159ed vrata se sekerami a divoce jimi m\u00e1vali. Tak cht\u011bli pomoci Perunovi v boji s mocn\u00fdmi silami temna, nebo\u0165 sekera byla pr\u00e1v\u011b atributem Peruna.<\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tek \u00fanora pat\u0159\u00ed podle keltsk\u00fdch zvyklost\u00ed sv\u00e1tku Imbolc a pat\u0159\u00ed ke \u010dty\u0159em hlavn\u00edm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm kalend\u00e1\u0159e. V keltsk\u00e9m pojet\u00ed \u010dasto sv\u00e1tky nemaj\u00ed pevn\u00e9 datum, ale i zde je nej\u010dast\u011bji sv\u00e1tek n\u00e1vratu jara slaven 2. \u00fanora, tedy mezi zimn\u00edm slunovratem a jarn\u00ed rovnodennost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

O tom, \u017ee Hromnice byl a dodnes je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd sv\u00e1tek sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed nepochybn\u011b i to, \u017ee si ho upravila pro svoje pot\u0159eby k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 c\u00edrkev. Do 10. stolet\u00ed z\u00e1jem neprojevovala. Teprve pak, kdy\u017e zjistila jak velk\u00fd m\u00e1 n\u00e1vrat jara pro lidi v\u00fdznam, agresivn\u011b zapla\u0161ila v\u0161echny slovansk\u00e9 bohy a v\u0161echny bohy keltsk\u00e9 i v\u0161echny bohy jin\u00e9 a uv\u011bdomila si, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdznam Hromnic je t\u0159eba nahradit za ka\u017edou cenu. Ale \u010d\u00edm?<\/p>\n

Podle evangelia (Lk. 2,22 \u2013 38) Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova matka Maria p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed podle \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho oby\u010deje sv\u00e9ho syna 40. den po narozen\u00ed do jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu, aby jej zasv\u011btila prvorozen\u00e9ho Bohu. A to se hodilo. 40 dn\u00ed po Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b narozen\u00ed je pr\u00e1v\u011b po\u010d\u00e1tek \u00fanora. Zde se Maria setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s prorokyn\u00ed Annou a spravedliv\u00fdm Simeonem, kter\u00fd Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e nazval \u201esv\u011btlem k osv\u00edcen\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f\u201c. Od tohoto Simeonova proroctv\u00ed o Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i – sv\u011btle poch\u00e1z\u00ed zvyk, kter\u00fd se za\u010dal \u0161\u00ed\u0159it z\u0159ejm\u011b od 11. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee je tradi\u010dn\u011b tento sv\u00e1tek spojov\u00e1n tak\u00e9 s ochotou zasv\u011btit sv\u016fj \u017eivot posl\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk dost\u00e1v\u00e1, je dnes v katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi tento sv\u00e1tek slaven tak\u00e9 jako Den zasv\u011bcen\u00e9ho \u017eivota (tj. \u0159eholn\u00edk\u016f a \u0159eholnic). Lid\u00e9 v minulosti v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee kdo by na Hromnice tancoval, vtipkoval \u010di klel, p\u0159ivolal by na sebe ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. \u017den\u00e1m se v tento den zakazovalo \u0161\u00edt, lid\u00e9 byli p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni o tom, \u017ee jehla p\u0159itahuje blesky, a mohla by tak podp\u00e1lit staven\u00ed.<\/p>\n

K Hromnic\u00edm se v\u00e1\u017ee mnoho lidov\u00fdch pranostik, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee m\u00e1 b\u00fdt v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b polovina krmn\u00fdch d\u00e1vek a polovina \u017eivin pro rodinu, aby se zima spokojen\u011b p\u0159e\u010dkala. Tomu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pranostika: \u201eNa Hromnice \u2013 p\u016fl kraj\u00edce, p\u016fl p\u00edce\u201c K Hromnic\u00edm se vztahuje v\u016fbec nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det pranostik z cel\u00e9ho roku, a to jedna\u010dty\u0159icet. Je to d\u00e1no z\u0159ejm\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee za\u010d\u00e1tek vegeta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed m\u011bl pro na\u0161e p\u0159edky velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam a \u017ee sledovali p\u0159\u00edrodu je\u0161t\u011b pe\u010dliv\u011bji ne\u017e v jin\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj: Wikipedie, pra\u017esk\u00e9 Pastora\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edisko<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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