{"id":150529,"date":"2020-01-27T18:51:20","date_gmt":"2020-01-27T17:51:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=150529"},"modified":"2020-01-27T18:51:20","modified_gmt":"2020-01-27T17:51:20","slug":"stara-sumava-vse-ma-svoji-historii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=150529","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: V\u0161e m\u00e1 svoji historii"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sn\u011bhul\u00e1k. A kde se tady vlastn\u011b vzal? V\u0161e m\u00e1 svoji pravdivou historii. M\u00e1 ji i sn\u011bhul\u00e1k. Jen my ji nezn\u00e1me celou a asi nikdy nepozn\u00e1me.<\/h6>\n

Asi ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s u\u017e n\u011bkdy stav\u011bl sn\u011bhul\u00e1ka. Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b n\u00e1m na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed panuj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro stavbu t\u011bchto sn\u011b\u017en\u00fdch pan\u00e1k\u016f. Jak dlouho u\u017e lidstvo sn\u011bhul\u00e1ky stav\u00ed, v\u00e1s mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159ekvap\u00ed. Sn\u011bhul\u00e1ci jsou nejen v \u010cesku tradi\u010dn\u00ed zimn\u00ed radov\u00e1nkou, ale v podstat\u011b se stav\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Stav\u011bn\u00ed sn\u011bhul\u00e1k\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed mezi pom\u011brn\u011b star\u00e9 tradice, nicm\u00e9n\u011b kdy p\u0159esn\u011b lid\u00e9 za\u010dali stav\u011bt skulptury ze sn\u011bhu, je v\u0161ak zcela nezn\u00e1mo. Prvn\u00ed zat\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o sn\u011bhul\u00e1kovi je z mal\u00e9 modlitebn\u00ed knihy z roku 1380. Jedn\u00e1 se o tak zvanou knihu hodinek – Liber horarum, ur\u010denou pro osobn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017en\u00fdch laik\u016f. Tyto knihy byly velmi zdobn\u00e9 a iluminace se t\u00fdkaly i norm\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eivota, a proto se z\u0159ejm\u011b dostalo i na \u017eertovnou kresbi\u010dku zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed sn\u011bhul\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n

V t\u011bchto knih\u00e1ch se ov\u0161em v\u016fbec ne\u017eertovalo, ale poukazovalo se na pom\u00edjivost \u017eivota \u2013 z\u0159ejm\u011b proto sn\u011bhov\u00e1 postava mu\u017ee sed\u00ed na trojno\u017ece a pod n\u00edm je ohe\u0148. Jak lapid\u00e1rn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee chv\u00edli je a za chv\u00edli nen\u00ed. Kdy\u017e si tato figurka na\u0161la cestu i do takov\u00e9to kn\u00ed\u017eky, lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee to byla mezi lidmi zn\u00e1m\u00e1 a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 z\u00e1bava a taky velmi star\u00e1 tradice. V \u017eivotopisu Michelangela od Giorgia Vasariho najdeme zm\u00ednku o tom, \u017ee v zim\u011b 1492-1493, tv\u016frce Davida a Piety vymodeloval na n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed Medicejsk\u00e9ho pal\u00e1ce postavu ze sn\u011bhu.<\/p>\n

V roce 1511 obyvatele Bruselu spole\u010dn\u011b postavili 100 sn\u011bhul\u00e1k\u016f. Akce je v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch zn\u00e1m\u00e1 pod n\u00e1zvem \u201eZ\u00e1zrak 1511\u201c.<\/p>\n

Bruselan\u00e9 byli tenkr\u00e1t opravdu velmi na\u0161tvan\u00ed, zima trvala dlouho a byla d\u011bsiv\u00e1 a politick\u00e9 klima v tehdej\u0161\u00edm Bruselu bylo asi tak hust\u00e9 jako dnes. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 nevzali sekery a ne\u0161li na radn\u00ed, \u010di panovn\u00edka, ale za\u010dali stav\u011bt r\u016fzn\u00e9 sn\u011bhov\u00e9 skulptury \u2013 politick\u00e9 karikatury – zesm\u011b\u0161nili dokonce i kr\u00e1le, parodie folkl\u00f3rn\u00edch postav, mo\u0159sk\u00e9 panny a jednoro\u017ece i vesnick\u00e9 idioty.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 zm\u00ednky o sn\u011bhul\u00e1c\u00edch lze nal\u00e9zt u\u017e v 16. stolet\u00ed, a to p\u0159\u00edmo u W. Shakespeara, ve h\u0159e Richard II. z roku 1590. Sn\u011bhul\u00e1k byl zpopularizov\u00e1n v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 18. stolet\u00ed. V roce 1770 se v jedn\u00e9 kn\u00ed\u017ece pro d\u011bti vydan\u00e9 v Lipsku poprv\u00e9 objevuje jeho n\u00e1zev Schneemann. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejstar\u0161\u00ed vyobrazen\u00ed sn\u011bhul\u00e1ka je na m\u011bdirytin\u011b Daniela Chodowieck\u00e9ho z roku 1778, na n\u00ed\u017e \u010dtve\u0159ice d\u011bt\u00ed met\u00e1 sn\u011bhov\u00e9 koule na sn\u011bhul\u00e1ka velikosti dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho mu\u017ee. Sn\u011bhov\u00e1 figura je zde zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00edm zimy a t\u0159eskut\u00e9ho mrazu, m\u00e1 p\u0159itom hroziv\u00fd v\u00fdraz ve tv\u00e1\u0159i a ko\u0161t\u011b v ruce.<\/p>\n

V 19. stolet\u00ed se pozvolna za\u010dal m\u011bnit p\u0159\u00edstup lid\u00ed k zim\u011b, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e neznamenala jen \u010das str\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a hladu. Z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed k zim\u011b pozitivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup a proto se sn\u011bhul\u00e1k za\u010dal usm\u00edvat. B\u011bhem 19. stolet\u00ed se sn\u011bhul\u00e1k stal definitivn\u011b kladn\u00fdm a vesel\u00fdm tlou\u0161t\u00edkem. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd zl\u00fd a na\u0161tvan\u00fd chl\u00e1pek, ale u\u010diteli doporu\u010dovan\u00e1 d\u011btsk\u00e1 kratochv\u00edle ur\u010den\u00e1 k rozv\u00edjen\u00ed jejich kreativity. Koncem 19. stolet\u00ed vzrostla popularita v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch pohlednic a novoro\u010denek na nich\u017e byl \u010dasto sn\u011bhul\u00e1k um\u00edst\u011bn, jako obraz p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho symbolu zimy a z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 viz\u00e1\u017e \u201enorm\u00e1ln\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka\u201c. St\u00e1v\u00e1 se i obl\u00edbenou d\u011btskou z\u00e1bavou a motivem ilustrac\u00ed pro d\u011bti.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Bob Eckstein, The History of the Snowman<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Sn\u011bhul\u00e1k. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":183237,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/27\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-star\u00e1-\u0161umava.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150529"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=150529"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150529\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":183238,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150529\/revisions\/183238"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/183237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=150529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=150529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=150529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}