{"id":150320,"date":"2023-01-16T20:02:18","date_gmt":"2023-01-16T19:02:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=150320"},"modified":"2023-01-16T20:02:18","modified_gmt":"2023-01-16T19:02:18","slug":"stara-sumava-o-zapomenutych-ledarich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=150320","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O zapomenut\u00fdch leda\u0159\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Je mnoho prac\u00ed a povol\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu zanikly, proto\u017ee je nahradily modern\u00ed technologie. Jedn\u00edm z klasick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f jsou\u00a0leda\u0159i. Mu\u017ei, a n\u011bkdy dokonce i \u017eeny, byli naj\u00edm\u00e1ni v zim\u011b na \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017een\u00ed masivn\u00edch blok\u016f ledu. Byla to tvrd\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce, tlust\u00fd led se \u0159ezal velkou pilou na kv\u00e1dry, ty se pak speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi kle\u0161t\u011bmi nakl\u00e1daly na auta a rozv\u00e1\u017eely do firem a dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. Jinak se k ledu nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dostat. Dnes m\u00e1me ledni\u010dky a nad d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi leda\u0159i se zav\u0159ely vody \u010dasu.<\/span><\/h6>\n

\nDob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed ledu v Cetvin\u00e1ch<\/span><\/h6>\n

D\u00e1v\u00e1m si vypr\u00e1v\u011bt: Ka\u017ed\u00e9ho roku v lednu, kdy\u017e led na Mal\u0161i a rybn\u00edc\u00edch dos\u00e1hl tlou\u0161\u0165ky alespo\u0148 10 centimetr\u016f, nastala hostinsk\u00fdm a \u0159ezn\u00edk\u016fm v Cetvin\u00e1ch nadm\u00edru \u00famorn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce v dom\u011b. Za such\u00e9ho mraziv\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed se sekaly ledy, pon\u011bvad\u017e jako chlad\u00edrny slou\u017eily vesm\u011bs jen p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed led\u00e1rny, zvan\u00e9 “Eiskeller”, kter\u00e9 na rozd\u00edl ode dne\u0161ka neznaly nijak\u00e9 mrazic\u00ed ani chlad\u00edrensk\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V zim\u011b se proto muselo dov\u00e9zt tolik ledu, aby z\u00e1soba sta\u010dila co mo\u017en\u00e1 po cel\u00fd rok, p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm pak alespo\u0148 p\u0159es l\u00e9to. Hospod\u0161t\u00ed pot\u0159ebovali podle velikosti sv\u00fdch led\u00e1ren 80-120 f\u016fr, \u0159ezn\u00edci 40-70 f\u016fr.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u011b\u017eba ledu a pr\u00e1ce s n\u00ed spojen\u00e9 prob\u00edhaly v obci najednou ve stejn\u00fd \u010das a ka\u017ed\u00fd hospodsk\u00fd a \u0159ezn\u00edk m\u011bl v u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e1 zaveden\u00e1 m\u00edsta. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pracoval po l\u00e9ta se stejn\u00fdmi osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdmi mu\u017ei a s dostate\u010dn\u00fdm po\u010dtem pomocn\u00fdch sil k p\u0159eprav\u011b ledu a\u017e po samo napln\u011bn\u00ed led\u00e1rny. Pon\u011bvad\u017e byl klid od poln\u00edch prac\u00ed, poskytovali sedl\u00e1ci r\u00e1di povoznick\u00e9 slu\u017eby na sv\u00fdch san\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u017delezn\u00fdmi ty\u010demi byly nejprve prora\u017eeny otvory do ledov\u00e9 plochy na zamrzl\u00e9 hladin\u011b, aby pak mohli mu\u017ei pilou ocaskou, zvanou tu “Fuchsschwanz”, na\u0159ezat led po d\u00e9lce a pak op\u011bt \u017eelezn\u00fdmi ty\u010demi rozb\u00edt na kusy, ka\u017ed\u00fd tak o rozm\u011bru p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u016fl \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edho metru. P\u0159itahovali pak jednotliv\u00e9 ledov\u00e9 kry k sob\u011b pomoc\u00ed dlouh\u00fdch \u017eelezn\u00fdch kle\u0161t\u00ed na dosud neporu\u0161enou nosnou ledovou plochu a d\u00e1l na b\u0159eh, kde se nejprve vr\u0161ily do pyramid tak, aby se mrazem op\u011bt nespojily, z nich pak se nakl\u00e1daly a postupn\u011b odv\u00e1\u017eely na san\u00edch. V posledn\u00edm v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zim\u011b 1944\/45 v\u0161echnu tu t\u011b\u017ekou pr\u00e1ci konaly \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 vedly v nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti mu\u017e\u016f \u017eivnost za n\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na ob\u011bd p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli leda\u0159i obvykle do domu. Pot\u0159ebovali silnou a teplou stravu a museli se sami alespo\u0148 trochu oh\u0159\u00e1t a prot\u00e1hnout mrazem zk\u0159ehl\u00e9 \u00fady. J\u00eddlo v\u0161ak muselo p\u0159ij\u00edt hned na st\u016fl, jinak byli netrp\u011bliv\u00ed; dlouh\u00fd oddech si nemohli dop\u0159\u00e1t. Sva\u010diny se jim proto don\u00e1\u0161ely navenek. U n\u00e1s doma bylo obvykl\u00e9, \u017ee se rum, kter\u00fd se za 1 korunu koupil v obchod\u011b u Roiss\u016f podle vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed to nebylo mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed , p\u0159id\u00e1val do k\u00e1vy, aby se mu\u017ei mohli c\u00edtit zah\u0159\u00e1ti alespo\u0148 zevnit\u0159.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sek\u00e1n\u00ed ledu bylo sice ta nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce, pon\u011bvad\u017e se na n\u00ed v\u0161ak ruku v ruce pod\u00edlelo mnoho lid\u00ed, bylo p\u0159i n\u00ed veselo a dru\u017eno. Cel\u00e9 m\u00edsto na n\u011bkolik dn\u016f doslova o\u017eilo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ce t\u00edm ostatn\u011b nijak nekon\u010dila: dob\u0159e izolovan\u00e9 dvojit\u00e9 chladic\u00ed prostory sest\u00e1valy z vlastn\u00ed led\u00e1rny a jej\u00ed p\u0159eds\u00edn\u011b, ur\u010den\u00e9 ke skladov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob ledu. Pivovar, kter\u00fd tu kdysi opravdu fungoval m\u011bl dva takov\u00e9 velk\u00e9 skladovac\u00ed prostory na led, kter\u00fd tam byl velmi \u00fa\u010deln\u011b skl\u00e1d\u00e1n oknem, kter\u00e9 ov\u0161em hned nato muselo b\u00fdt dob\u0159e ut\u011bsn\u011bno, d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdm skluzem rovnou ze san\u00ed. V m\u00e9m rodn\u00e9m dom\u011b, n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstn\u00edm \u0159eznictv\u00ed, byl led v p\u0159eds\u00edni d\u00e1le rozb\u00edjen na men\u0161\u00ed kusy a podobn\u00fdm skluzem dopravov\u00e1n do led\u00e1rny, tam nadrobno rozdrcen a pevn\u011b up\u011bchov\u00e1n. Cel\u00e1 prostora byla pln\u00e1 ledov\u00fdch krystal\u016f, co jen mo\u017eno zbavena p\u0159\u00edstupu vzduchu, dve\u0159e oblo\u017eeny sl\u00e1mou a na dlouh\u00fd \u010das potom trvale zav\u0159eny. P\u0159eds\u00ed\u0148 tu tak\u00e9 slou\u017eila k ulo\u017een\u00ed ledov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob. Druh\u00e1 jej\u00ed strana pak byla ur\u010dena zbo\u017e\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9mu k n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu zaledov\u00e1n\u00ed. T\u00edm pr\u00e1ce kon\u010dila.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u016fsoben\u00edm vzduchu ov\u0161em led v p\u0159eds\u00edni znateln\u011b t\u00e1l. Byl oblo\u017een slamou a ln\u011bn\u00fdmi plachtami, ledovan\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed le\u017eelo pak p\u0159\u00edmo na n\u011bm. B\u011bhem \u010dervence a srpna byl led v p\u0159eds\u00edni u\u017e docela rozpu\u0161t\u011bn, voda t\u00e1n\u00edm vznikl\u00e1 se odtud odv\u00e1d\u011bla zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm kan\u00e1lem. Co nejpozd\u011bji to jen \u0161lo, byla pak otev\u0159ena i vlastn\u00ed led\u00e1rna, kde za\u010dal led rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00edc a v\u00edc ub\u00fdvat. Oblo\u017een slamou a plachtami byl ov\u0161em u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n d\u00e1l a d\u00e1l.<\/span><\/p>\n

V pivova\u0159e nesm\u011bla b\u00fdt vlastn\u00ed led\u00e1rna v\u016fbec otev\u0159ena a\u017e do doby, kdy sam\u00fdm po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho do\u0161lo k p\u0159\u00edsunu dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1sob nov\u00e9ho nasekan\u00e9ho ledu, a\u010dkoli podstatn\u00fd zbytek z lo\u0148ska z\u016fstal dosud uchov\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Zdroj:\u00a0<\/strong>Deutsche Kulturlandschaft an Moldau und Maltsch(1986), s. 464-465 Gertrud Sch\u00f6llhammerov\u00e1, autor p\u0159eklad\u016f a \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f Jan Mare\u0161 – Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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