{"id":149891,"date":"2023-01-01T12:42:34","date_gmt":"2023-01-01T11:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=149891"},"modified":"2023-01-06T19:27:11","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T18:27:11","slug":"stara-sumava-o-ociste-tela","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=149891","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O o\u010dist\u011b t\u011bla"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u201eB\u016fh spas\u00ed jenom ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou chud\u00ed, hladov\u00ed a \u0161pinav\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> hl\u00e1saj\u00ed jej\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 a lid\u00e9 se t\u00edm ke sv\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b \u0159\u00edd\u00ed. \u201e\u010cistota je znamen\u00edm bohatstv\u00ed, a to je h\u0159\u00edch,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluj\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed prost\u00fdm lidem a ti je na slovo poslouchaj\u00ed. Jak\u00e1koli p\u00e9\u010de o t\u011blo zav\u00e1n\u00ed ve st\u0159edov\u011bku zh\u00fd\u010dkanost\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

\u201eSotva lze vid\u011bt n\u011bco \u0161pinav\u011bj\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e jsou oni. Myj\u00ed se jen dvakr\u00e1t do roka a \u0161aty si nikdy ne\u010dist\u00ed, ale nos\u00ed je tak dlouho, a\u017e se rozpadnou na hadry,\u201c<\/em> l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed vyslanec bagd\u00e1dsk\u00e9ho chal\u00edfy \u00farove\u0148 evropsk\u00e9 hygieny, kdy\u017e pob\u00fdv\u00e1 na dvo\u0159e c\u00edsa\u0159e Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 Oty II. (955\u2013983). Je v \u0161oku, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee Evropan\u00e9 si ne\u010dist\u00ed ruce p\u0159ed ani po j\u00eddle, ani po vykon\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 pot\u0159eby.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 postupn\u011b berou vodu a myt\u00ed na milost. P\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k tomu rozvoj medic\u00edny, ale tak\u00e9 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee c\u00edrkev u\u017e nem\u00e1 takovou moc, aby ostatn\u00edm vnucovala n\u00e1zor, \u017ee b\u00fdt zbo\u017en\u00fd znamen\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u0161pinav\u00fd. Hlavn\u011b bohat\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 se proto za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed pravideln\u011b m\u00fdt. Hygiena a p\u00e9\u010de o t\u011blo u\u017e nebyla na denn\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dku, naopak byla up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1na \u0161p\u00edna jako pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159ed Bohem. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mni\u0161i se nap\u0159. nemyli cel\u00fd rok a o svat\u00e9 Al\u017eb\u011bt\u011b se hrd\u011b hl\u00e1salo, \u017ee se nemyla nikdy.<\/p>\n

Pouze k\u0159est byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za omyt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bka o\u010dist\u00ed od h\u0159\u00edchu. H\u0159\u00edchem bylo ve st\u0159edov\u011bku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161e, co souviselo s p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o t\u011blo a se vzhledem. Za rozma\u0159ilost se pova\u017eovalo i \u010dast\u00e9 koup\u00e1n\u00ed. Benediktinsk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d p\u016fvodn\u011b povoloval mnich\u016fm jednu, nejv\u00fd\u0161e dv\u011b koupele ro\u010dn\u011b. \u017debrav\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dy dominik\u00e1n\u016f a franti\u0161k\u00e1n\u016f proklamovaly \u0161p\u00ednu jako projev prav\u00e9 zbo\u017enosti. \u017deny si m\u011bly tv\u00e1\u0159e cudn\u011b zakr\u00fdvat a ne je kr\u00e1\u0161lit. Pokud by se m\u011b\u0161\u0165an pokou\u0161el odkl\u00edzet z ulice p\u0159ed sv\u00fdm domem ne\u010distoty, v o\u010d\u00edch soused\u016f by se absolutn\u011b znemo\u017enil. (Tyto pr\u00e1ce sm\u011bl prov\u00e1d\u011bt jen kat se sv\u00fdmi pacholky anebo ras.) C\u00edrkev tak ve st\u0159edov\u011bku nad\u0159adila dogmata zdrav\u00e9mu rozumu. Zcela potla\u010dit p\u0159irozen\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 pot\u0159eby se v\u0161ak nikdy nepoda\u0159ilo.<\/p>\n

Ve star\u00e9m Egypt\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvali k myt\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, rostlinu m\u00fddelnici, fazolovou mouku, rozemlet\u00e9 ka\u0161tany, p\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e9 otruby, hov\u011bz\u00ed \u017elu\u010d a spoustu jin\u00fdch. Vzhledem k zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 poloze Egypta, st\u00e1l\u00e9mu teplu a vlhku, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke vzniku nemoc\u00ed, se Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 koupali a\u017e n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t denn\u011b. Pou\u017e\u00edvali tak\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko, med, otruby, vosk a l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 bahno. O\u010dista t\u011bla prob\u00edhala ve spole\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1zn\u00edch a po koupeli Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali kr\u00e9m a v\u016fn\u011b. Parf\u00e9my byly vyr\u00e1b\u011bny na b\u00e1zi olej\u016f a jin\u00fdch tuk\u016f – nap\u0159\u00edklad myrha, sko\u0159ice, kardamon, levandule, ko\u0159en kosatce, aromatick\u00e9 prysky\u0159ice a vonn\u00e1 d\u0159eva. Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 vyzn\u00e1vali heslo: Kosmetika a kr\u00e1sa spojen\u00e1 s p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve star\u00e9m \u0158ecku byla p\u00e9\u010de o t\u011blo a hygiena pod siln\u00fdm vlivem Egypta. \u0158ekov\u00e9 uzn\u00e1vali koupele, p\u011bstovali sport, mas\u00e1\u017ee a dali tak\u00e9 na vyv\u00e1\u017eenou stravu. Anti\u010dt\u00ed \u0158ekov\u00e9 vyzn\u00e1vali princip kalokaghatie – podle staro\u0159eck\u00fdch p\u0159edstav soulad mezi kr\u00e1sou a dobrem, soulad kr\u00e1sy t\u011bla a du\u0161e, ide\u00e1l dokonalosti. \u0158ekov\u00e9 dokonce vytvo\u0159ili povol\u00e1n\u00ed “kosmet”, vykon\u00e1vali jej otroci, kte\u0159\u00ed byli vy\u0161koleni l\u00e9ka\u0159i a kn\u011b\u017e\u00edmi. Denn\u00ed hygiena prob\u00edhala ve spole\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1zn\u00edch, mu\u017ei se chodili denn\u011b nechat oholit ofic\u00edny. Sta\u0159\u00ed \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 budovali l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 pal\u00e1ce – parn\u00ed l\u00e1zn\u011b, kam chodili mu\u017ei. Pro \u017eeny slou\u017eila “Balnea” doma.<\/p>\n

Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku se metody t\u011blesn\u00e9 o\u010disty p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neli\u0161ily. Hygiena se prov\u00e1d\u011bla doma, ale tak\u00e9 ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch l\u00e1zn\u00edch, kter\u00e9 byly spole\u010dn\u00e9 pro mu\u017ee i \u017eeny. Do l\u00e1zn\u00ed se chodilo nejen za t\u011blesnou o\u010distou, ale i za jin\u00fdmi po\u017eitky. V k\u00e1di lid\u00e9 setrv\u00e1vali n\u011bkdy i celou noc, jedli a pili, aby neusnuli zp\u00edvali “duchovn\u00ed a po\u010destn\u00e9” p\u00edsn\u011b. I p\u0159esto se st\u00e1valo, \u017ee n\u011bkdo v k\u00e1di usnul a utopil se. Takto uvoln\u011bn\u00e1 mor\u00e1lka p\u0159etrvala a\u017e do konce 16. stolet\u00ed, kdy p\u0159i\u0161la morov\u00e1 r\u00e1na a syfilis.<\/p>\n

V 18. stolet\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 negativn\u00ed postoj k hygien\u011b. Lid\u00e9 se b\u00e1li moru a k vod\u011b, kter\u00e1 je \u017eivn\u00e1 p\u016fda pro naka\u017eliv\u00e9 nemoci, nem\u011bli p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 d\u016fv\u011bry. Sta\u010dilo ve vod\u011b smo\u010dit kone\u010dky prst\u016f na rukou a na nohou. K myt\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvala umyvadla ne v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e j\u00eddeln\u00ed m\u00edsa. Obli\u010dej si lid\u00e9 nemyli vodou, ale ot\u00edrali si jej b\u00edl\u00fdm pl\u00e1t\u00fdnkem, mastn\u00e9 vlasy zakr\u00fdvali parukami. Rad\u011bji ne\u017e vodou, kterou se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ely nemoci, se om\u00fdvali alkoholem, v\u00ednem a ml\u00e9kem. Kr\u00e1l Ludv\u00edk XIV si po r\u00e1nu pouze ot\u0159el ruce p\u00e1lenkou.<\/p>\n

Velmi \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fdm zbo\u017e\u00edm se stal parf\u00e9m, obl\u00edben\u00e9 byly v\u016fn\u011b pomeran\u010dov\u00fdch kv\u011bt\u016f, hnij\u00edc\u00edch jablek, h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dek a sko\u0159ice. M\u00edsto myt\u00ed obli\u010deje se pou\u017e\u00edval ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed pudr, \u010dasto byla vrstva pudru siln\u00e1 a\u017e 1 mm. D\u016fsledkem byla povadl\u00e1 a zsinal\u00e1 ple\u0165, v\u0159\u00eddky a puch\u00fd\u0159ky, kter\u00e9 se d\u00edky nedostatku slunce a vzduchu tvo\u0159ily. D\u00e1my po 30. roce \u017eivota proto svou kr\u00e1su pozb\u00fdvaly. Hygiena prob\u00edhala v\u00fdhradn\u011b doma v umyvadlech, n\u011bkdy k\u00e1d\u00edch \u010di p\u0159edch\u016fdc\u00edch vany.To ov\u0161em neplatilo pro venkovsk\u00fd lid. P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci na \u010derstv\u00e9m vzduchu byla jejich ple\u0165 \u010dist\u00e1 a zdrav\u00e1. Na venkov\u011b se tak\u00e9 lid\u00e9 n\u011bkdy koupali v \u010dist\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch, pot\u016f\u010dc\u00edch a rybn\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Od poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed byly mnoh\u00e9 domy vybavov\u00e1ny koupac\u00edmi vanami, obvykle zinkov\u00fdmi, \u010dasto oblo\u017een\u00fdch d\u0159evem, aby bylo mo\u017eno po koupeli tyto m\u00edstnosti vyu\u017e\u00edvat i pro jin\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Koup\u00e1n\u00ed bylo p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b soukromou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. K hygien\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvalo m\u00fddlo a voda. Ve 20. stolet\u00ed se myt\u00ed a hygienick\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky st\u00e1vaj\u00ed b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eivota. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 fungovat osv\u011bta o prosp\u011b\u0161nosti o\u010disty na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. Ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed je koupelna s vanou ji\u017e naprosto samoz\u0159ejmou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho nov\u011b budovan\u00e9ho domu \u010di bytu. Posledn\u00ed trendy odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed rychlej\u0161\u00ed a usp\u011bchan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed styl – mnoho lid\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ednost spr\u0161e a dal\u0161\u00edm m\u00f3dn\u00edm a praktick\u00fdm hygienick\u00fdm prost\u0159edk\u016fm a pom\u016fck\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Histes<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u201eB\u016fh <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":270444,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/01\/r\u00e1m-o\u010dista.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149891"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=149891"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149891\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":270445,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149891\/revisions\/270445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/270444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=149891"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=149891"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=149891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}