{"id":149885,"date":"2019-12-31T23:01:14","date_gmt":"2019-12-31T22:01:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=149885"},"modified":"2019-12-31T23:02:24","modified_gmt":"2019-12-31T22:02:24","slug":"stara-sumava-sumavsky-novy-rok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=149885","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: \u0160umavsk\u00fd Nov\u00fd rok"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kdysi v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch za\u010d\u00ednal nov\u00fd rok prvn\u00edm b\u0159eznem, dnem, kdy p\u0159eb\u00edrali \u00fa\u0159ad konzulov\u00e9. Po\u010d\u00e1tek roku souvis\u00ed se zaveden\u00fdm kalend\u00e1\u0159em. Od r. 46 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e do r. 1582 platil juli\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159, upraven\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159em G. J. Caesarem. Juli\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 se od Gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho li\u0161il t\u00edm, \u017ee za p\u0159estupn\u00fd rok po\u010d\u00edtal v\u0161echny roky, kter\u00e9 byly d\u011bliteln\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159mi. Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo odchylce, kter\u00e1 vznikala, po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 za p\u0159estupn\u00e9 jen ty roky na po\u010d\u00e1tku stolet\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou d\u011bliteln\u00e9 400.<\/h6>\n

Ji\u017e podle juli\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e byl prvn\u00edm dnem roku 1. leden. V c\u00edrkevn\u00ed liturgii se ale zpo\u010d\u00e1tku 1. leden nesv\u011btil, po\u010d\u00e1tkem liturgick\u00e9ho roku byl advent. Teprve od 17. st. se prosazovalo sjednocov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00edho a ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku roku na 1. leden.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed sto lety nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee spat\u0159it d\u00edt\u011b v novoro\u010dn\u00edm r\u00e1nu znamen\u00e1 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako vid\u011bt d\u00edt\u011b, platilo jako \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 znamen\u00ed potkat na Nov\u00fd rok r\u00e1no mu\u017ee, t\u011bhotnou \u017eenu nebo uvid\u011bt zap\u0159a\u017een\u00fd v\u016fz.
\nNaopak setk\u00e1n\u00ed se starou \u017eenou a psy se pova\u017eovalo za zl\u00e9 znamen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Oslavy Silvestra a Nov\u00e9ho roku p\u0159ed sto a v\u00edce lety a dnes se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161ily. V minulosti lid\u00e9 na \u0160umav\u011b tak trp\u011bliv\u011b ne\u010dekali na p\u016flno\u010dn\u00ed zlom letopo\u010dtu, neholdovali ani tolik alkoholu, jako to je \u010dasto dnes. Proto se nap\u0159\u00edklad v Ka\u0161persk\u00fdch Hor\u00e1ch v 19. stolet\u00ed mnohdy st\u00e1valo, \u017ee ponocn\u00fd, kter\u00fd zah\u00e1jil svoji novoro\u010dn\u00ed obch\u016fzku u\u017e od p\u016flnoci, sv\u00fdm zp\u011bvem a vin\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm budil u\u017e sp\u00edc\u00ed obyvatele. Silvestr byl ale ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd den a byl naz\u00fdv\u00e1n druh\u00fdm nebo mal\u00fdm \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fdm ve\u010derem. Odpoledne \u0161li horal\u00e9 do kostela, po pr\u00e1ci a dlouh\u00e9 ve\u010dern\u00ed modlitb\u011b si mu\u017e\u0161t\u00ed v hospod\u011b podle starod\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zvyku p\u0159i\u0165ukli sklenkami na nov\u00fd rok. I v tuhle noc si chlapci a d\u011bv\u010data vykl\u00e1dali budoucnost a lili olovo.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd rok byl spojen s koledov\u00e1n\u00edm a p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm v\u0161eho nejlep\u0161\u00edho. P\u0159es obvykle hlubok\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bje, mr\u00e1z a v\u00edtr p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli u\u017e brzy r\u00e1no mal\u00ed gratulanti, \u010dasto cel\u00fd z\u00e1stup d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dost\u00e1valy v\u00fdslu\u017eku. Od domu k domu chodil i ponocn\u00fd, v Ka\u0161persk\u00fdch Hor\u00e1ch p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli blahop\u0159\u00e1t tak\u00e9 komin\u00edci, listono\u0161 a dokonce i m\u00edstn\u00ed policajti. A v\u0161echny nezbytn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se musely ud\u011blat v\u010das, tak\u00e9 platilo, \u017ee Jak na Nov\u00fd rok, tak po cel\u00fd rok. Po dopoledn\u00ed novoro\u010dn\u00ed m\u0161i se v \u0161umavsk\u00fdch obc\u00edch za\u0161lo je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed ob\u011bdem na sklenku do hostince. Odpoledne se soused\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u011bvovali a a\u017e do setm\u011bn\u00ed si pov\u00eddali.<\/p>\n

V \u010cech\u00e1ch ten den dost\u00e1vali k\u016frov\u00ed zp\u011bv\u00e1ci odm\u011bnu, hospod\u00e1\u0159 obdarov\u00e1val \u010deled\u00edny a d\u011bve\u010dky, rodi\u010de d\u011bti. Farn\u00edci d\u00e1vali v\u00fdslu\u017eku sv\u00e9mu far\u00e1\u0159i a p\u0159\u00e1li mu zdrav\u00ed a Bo\u017e\u00ed po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed. U\u010ditel\u00e9 pos\u00edlali vrchnosti a m\u011bstsk\u00fdm z\u00e1stupc\u016fm tzv. minuc\u00ed – malovan\u00e1 a ver\u0161ovan\u00e1 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed\u010dka, na kter\u00e9 bylo zvykem odpov\u00eddat finan\u010dn\u00edm d\u00e1rkem. V obc\u00edch chodila ulicemi koleduj\u00edc\u00ed ml\u00e1de\u017e. Ned\u011blaly se nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce – v\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee co se bude d\u011blat na Nov\u00fd rok, to bude po cel\u00fd rok, nesm\u011blo se su\u0161it pr\u00e1dlo, nesm\u011blo se nic vyn\u00e1\u0161et ani vymetat z m\u00edstnosti. Chodili peka\u0159\u0161t\u00ed koledn\u00edci a peroutkami ometali za drobn\u00e9 poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nebo odm\u011bnu prach, n\u011bkde chodily na koledu i \u017eeny v \u0161\u00e1tku s hus\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddlem a s hrne\u010dkem kolomazi, kterou umazaly nepozorn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e. Jako v\u00fdslu\u017eku dost\u00e1valy p\u00e1lenku a n\u011bjakou pochoutku.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto zvyk\u016f byla zapomenuta. Z\u00e1kladem oslavy Nov\u00e9ho roku dnes je setk\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9 rodiny u bohat\u00e9ho ob\u011bda, kde by nem\u011bla chyb\u011bt \u010do\u010dka nebo pol\u00e9vka s drobnou krupic\u00ed zv. milionov\u00e1 (aby se \u010dlov\u011bka dr\u017eely pen\u00edze), v\u011bt\u0161inou se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 vep\u0159ov\u00e9. Nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00fd je zaj\u00edc \u010di dr\u016fbe\u017e, aby \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed neuteklo nebo neul\u00e9tlo. Po ob\u011bd\u011b se rodina jde proj\u00edt, nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed se v\u00fdstavy, kulturn\u00ed p\u0159edstaven\u00ed \u010di p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed Nov\u00fdm rokem si jednotlivci, rodiny i firmy pos\u00edlaj\u00ed blahop\u0159ejn\u00e9 novoro\u010denky, s hezk\u00fdm \u010di vtipn\u00fdm obr\u00e1zkem a s p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm zdrav\u00ed a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm roce. \u010casto se p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho pro\u017eit\u00ed v\u00e1noc a novoro\u010dn\u00edho blahop\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed spojuje. Na novoro\u010denk\u00e1ch n\u011bkdy b\u00fdv\u00e1 francouzsk\u00e1 zkratka P.F. (pour f\u00e9liciter – pro \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed). Prvn\u00ed novoro\u010denku, vlastn\u011b omluvenku s obr\u00e1zkem, poslal v roku 1827 hrab\u011b Chotek, kter\u00fd pro sv\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 funkce nesta\u010dil odpov\u00eddat na st\u00e1le se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed blahop\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Tradice na \u0160umav\u011b a Po\u0161umav\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Kdysi <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":180880,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/31\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-star\u00e1-\u0161umava.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149885"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=149885"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149885\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":180882,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149885\/revisions\/180882"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/180880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=149885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=149885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=149885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}