{"id":149068,"date":"2022-12-27T14:11:09","date_gmt":"2022-12-27T13:11:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=149068"},"modified":"2022-12-27T14:17:28","modified_gmt":"2022-12-27T13:17:28","slug":"stara-sumava-o-zapomenutem-svatku-mladatek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=149068","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O zapomenut\u00e9m sv\u00e1tku ml\u00e1\u010f\u00e1tek"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V Judei tehdy vl\u00e1dl kr\u00e1l Herodes Velik\u00fd. Mocn\u00fd a \u017didy nen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00fd spojenec \u0158\u00edma, kter\u00fd krut\u011b potla\u010doval i domn\u011bl\u00e9 vzpoury. Podle biblick\u00e9 tradice dal vyvra\u017edit betl\u00e9msk\u00e9 chlapce mlad\u0161\u00ed dvou let v nad\u011bji, \u017ee mezi nimi bude i Kristus, kter\u00e9ho se ob\u00e1val jako budouc\u00edho \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le. O jeho krutosti sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed i fakt, \u017ee nechal povra\u017edit n\u011bkter\u00e9 ze sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch.<\/h6>\n

Jak se dozv\u011bd\u011bl Herodes o Kristovi? Izraelit\u0161t\u00ed duchovn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u00eddali jeho p\u0159\u00edchod. Bylo to proroctv\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho Hospodina. Na to, \u017ee se pr\u00e1v\u011b narodil, Heroda upozornili podle legendy t\u0159i mudrci. P\u0159ijeli pr\u00fd do Jeruzal\u00e9ma a v\u0161ude se na jeho narozen\u00ed vypt\u00e1vali.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se to Herodes doslechl, dostal strach, \u017ee se opravdu narodil potomek prav\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00fd by ho mohl vyhnat jako uchvatitele moci dosazen\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edmem. Po\u017e\u00e1dal mudrce, aby mu ozn\u00e1mili, a\u017e ho naleznou, a p\u0159edst\u00edral, \u017ee by se mu cht\u011bl tak\u00e9 poklonit. Mudrci se na p\u0159\u00edkaz and\u011bla vr\u00e1tili z Betl\u00e9ma dom\u016f jinudy. Herodes dal proto povra\u017edit pro jistotu v\u0161echny mal\u00e9 chlapce. \u00dadaje o jejich po\u010dtu se li\u0161\u00ed, mluv\u00ed se o \u010dtrn\u00e1ct tis\u00edc, \u0161edes\u00e1t \u010dty\u0159i tis\u00edc a st\u0159edov\u011bc\u00ed auto\u0159i \u010d\u00edslo je\u0161t\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ili a\u017e na sto \u010dty\u0159icet \u010dty\u0159i tis\u00edc. Historici se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161lo jen o n\u011bkolik d\u011bt\u00ed z mal\u00e9 vesni\u010dky pobl\u00ed\u017e Betl\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n

A\u0165 tak \u010di tak, vyvra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed nevi\u0148\u00e1tek nebo tak\u00e9 ml\u00e1\u010f\u00e1tek vstoupilo do pov\u011bdom\u00ed. V \u010cech\u00e1ch se za\u010dal tento sv\u00e1tek slavit v 15. stolet\u00ed. Ov\u0161em nikterak d\u016fstojn\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017e\u00e1ci pra\u017esk\u00e9 univerzity rok co rok obt\u011b\u017eovali kl\u00e1\u0161ter v B\u0159evnov\u011b. Byli pr\u00fd bujn\u011b vesel\u00ed, jak prav\u00ed kroniky. Na tyto “bl\u00e1znovsk\u00e9 slavnosti” z ml\u00e1d\u00ed pr\u00fd vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 i mistr Jan Hus. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zanikly kv\u016fli odporu c\u00edrkve je\u0161t\u011b v t\u00e9m\u017ee stolet\u00ed. D\u00edky t\u00e9to legend\u011b se stal Herodes symbolem krutosti a zla a matky jim \u010dasto stra\u0161ily sv\u00e9 neposlu\u0161n\u00e9 ratolesti.<\/p>\n

Na horn\u00ed \u0160umav\u011b se sv\u00e1tek Ml\u00e1\u010f\u00e1tek – Nevi\u0148\u00e1tek slavil jako den d\u0159eva\u0159\u016f, d\u0159eva\u0159i \u0161li v ned\u011bln\u00edch \u0161atech na rann\u00ed m\u0161i svatou a b\u011bhem dne prov\u00e1d\u011bli jen ty nejnutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Pozd\u011bji se k tomuto dni \u2013 28. prosinci, p\u0159idaly lidov\u00e9 pov\u011bry a zvyky. A\u017e do minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se zachoval v \u010cech\u00e1ch zvyk budit r\u00e1no d\u011bti a pt\u00e1t se jich: “Kolik bylo ml\u00e1\u010f\u00e1tek?” Kter\u00e9 nev\u011bd\u011blo, dostalo metlou a p\u0159ipomn\u011blo se mu, \u017ee jich bylo “\u010dty\u0159i tis\u00edce \u010dty\u0159i sta \u010dty\u0159icet \u010dty\u0159i”.<\/p>\n

Na Ml\u00e1\u010f\u00e1tka se nesm\u011blo pr\u00e1t, proto\u017ee by byly pradleny cel\u00fd rok ucouran\u00e9, takt\u00e9\u017e i dobytek a je\u0161t\u011b by i kulhal. Tak\u00e9 se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee se pere v krvi zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch nevi\u0148\u00e1tek a matka by i se sv\u00fdmi d\u011btmi byla ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e1. \u0160\u00edt se nesm\u011blo, proto\u017ee by se vyp\u00edchaly d\u011btem o\u010di. Nav\u00edc se a\u017e do p\u0159edminul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed n\u011bkde udr\u017eoval zvyk, \u017ee nehodn\u00e9 d\u011bti m\u011bly b\u00fdt vyplaceny bi\u010dem, aby v\u011bd\u011bly, jak se zachoval Herodes.<\/p>\n

V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed poml\u00e1zka<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edch \u010cech \u0160umavy, a zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 do kraj\u016f s d\u0159\u00edve n\u011bmeck\u00fdm os\u00eddlen\u00edm, zasahuje oby\u010dej ob\u0159adn\u00edho bit\u00ed zele\u00adn\u00fdm prutem na den Ml\u00e1\u010f\u00e1tek. Odli\u0161uje se term\u00ed\u00adnem od velikono\u010dn\u00ed poml\u00e1zky, ale shoduje se sv\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem: mrskalo se toti\u017e pro zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vrbov\u00e9 proutky se \u0159ezaly na den sv. Barbory, ponech\u00e1valy se na tepl\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, aby vypu\u010dely, a ovazovaly se \u010dervenou stuhou. Mu\u017ei \u0161vihali \u017eeny vrbov\u00fdm prutem a d\u011bti sv\u00e9 rodi\u010de. Vypl\u00e1cen\u00e1 osoba se musela vykoupit pen\u011bzi nebo sladkou ko\u0159al\u00adkou. Ke dni ml\u00e1\u010f\u00e1tek se v\u00e1\u017ee je\u0161t\u011b pov\u011bra, \u017ee chumel\u00ed-li r\u00e1no, budou v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce nejv\u00edce um\u00edrat d\u011bti, kdy\u017e v poledne, lid\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u00edch let, a kdy\u017e ve\u010der, budou um\u00edrat sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Eva Ve\u010derkov\u00e1 \u2013 V\u011bra Frolcov\u00e1: Evropsk\u00e9 V\u00e1noce (Vy\u0161ehrad 2010).<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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