{"id":148760,"date":"2023-12-20T20:29:15","date_gmt":"2023-12-20T19:29:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=148760"},"modified":"2023-12-22T16:24:04","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T15:24:04","slug":"stara-sumava-o-zimnim-slunovratu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=148760","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O zimn\u00edm slunovratu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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22. prosince 2023 – 4:27 hod.<\/h4>\n

I na\u0161e V\u00e1noce byly p\u016fvodn\u011b oslavou zimn\u00edho slunovratu, a\u017e pozd\u011bji se d\u00edky k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bnily do podoby, jakou zn\u00e1me dnes. Obdob\u00ed kolem V\u00e1noc je \u010darovnou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed roku plnou pozitivn\u00edch emoc\u00ed a l\u00e1sky. Obdarov\u00e1v\u00e1me se d\u00e1rky, j\u00edme vybran\u00e1 j\u00eddla, zdob\u00edme na\u0161e domovy a tou\u017e\u00edme pro\u017e\u00edt setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pln\u00e9 souzn\u011bn\u00ed, harmonie a klidu.<\/span><\/h6>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdznam V\u00e1noc a duchovn\u00ed v\u00fdznam zimn\u00edho slunovratu byl v minulosti v\u011bdom\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako p\u0159echodov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, kdy se uzav\u00edral cyklus roku a z\u00e1rove\u0148 za\u010d\u00ednal rok nov\u00fd. Lid\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve v\u00edce pro\u017e\u00edvali sv\u016fj \u017eivot v souzn\u011bn\u00ed s rytmy Zem\u011b, \u017eili v \u00fact\u011b k p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a vid\u011bli sv\u016fj domov na Zemi jako dar, kter\u00fd jim byl d\u00e1n vesm\u00edrem. Zem\u011b byla br\u00e1na jako sou\u010d\u00e1st celku velik\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 galaxie a v\u011bd\u011blo se, \u017ee d\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161li z hv\u011bzd, kam se tak\u00e9 navr\u00e1t\u00ed, aby u\u010dili p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zimn\u00ed slunovrat je prad\u00e1vn\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem, kter\u00fd si zachoval tradici na v\u0161ech kontinentech sv\u011bta. Je tomu u\u017e velice d\u00e1vno, kdy si na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 v\u0161imli, \u017ee ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed se pravideln\u011b opakuj\u00ed, ud\u00e1losti v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00fd kruh trvaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b 365 dn\u016f a noc\u00ed – jeden rok. Kolob\u011bh ud\u00e1lost\u00ed roku b\u00fdv\u00e1 proto zobrazen jako kolo s osmi loukot\u011bmi, zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi osm zastaven\u00ed Slunce na jeho pouti. Ohniv\u00e1 slune\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edla se tu zd\u00e1nliv\u011b vytr\u00e1c\u00ed; vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed v\u0161ak op\u011bt s prodlu\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm se dnem mohutn\u00ed a nab\u00edr\u00e1 s\u00edlu. Proto je slunovrat sv\u00e1tkem smrti a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho znovuzrozen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1sn\u00fd zvyk b\u00fdvalo rozd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho ohn\u011b. Ve vesnici byly v\u0161echny ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed ohn\u011b uha\u0161eny a ka\u017ed\u00fd obyvatel si u spole\u010dn\u00e9ho ohn\u011b zap\u00e1lil lou\u010d, kterou pak p\u0159inesl dom\u016f a podp\u00e1lil j\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed ohe\u0148 v krbu nebo v kamnech \u010di alespo\u0148 zap\u00e1lil malou lampi\u010dku. Popel ze sho\u0159el\u00e9ho polena byl potom p\u0159im\u00edch\u00e1n do krmiva pro dobytek a do jarn\u00edho osiva, \u010d\u00e1st byla uschov\u00e1na jako amulety a zbytek rozpr\u00e1\u0161en po pol\u00edch a zahrad\u00e1ch. Zimn\u00ed slunovrat nast\u00e1v\u00e1 v dob\u011b, kdy je s\u00edla \u017eivotod\u00e1rn\u00e9ho Slunce nejslab\u0161\u00ed, kdy noc a s n\u00ed spojen\u00e9 s\u00edly temna dosahuj\u00ed vrcholu sv\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed na Zemi. N\u00e1\u0161 sv\u011bt je pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto obdob\u00ed nejbl\u00ed\u017ee temnu a v dob\u011b zimn\u00edho slunovratu dokonce miz\u00ed hranice mezi na\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btem a silami podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle prad\u00e1vn\u00e9 tradice do\u0161lo ke zrozen\u00ed boha Slunce p\u0159i rann\u00edm sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd d\u00edl ob\u0159adn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed soust\u0159ed\u011bn na p\u0159edve\u010der dne 25. prosince, tedy na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der. T\u00edm ov\u0161em zimn\u00ed slunovrat nekon\u010d\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edch dvan\u00e1ct dn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jist\u011b zastupuj\u00ed dvan\u00e1ct m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v roce, je ozna\u010dov\u00e1no jako ne\u010dist\u00e9 dny, kter\u00e9 v podstat\u011b kon\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e1tkem T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f. Nejdel\u0161\u00ed noc v roce ale m\u011bla i svou dal\u0161\u00ed str\u00e1nku \u2013 byla kouzeln\u00e1. Zem\u011b se otv\u00edrala a vyd\u00e1vala sv\u00e9 poklady, sk\u00e1ly pukaly, kaprad\u00ed rozkv\u00e9talo, pod sn\u011bhem kvetly louky a stromy plodily ovoce, divok\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata se budila ze zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku a ta dom\u00e1c\u00ed mluvila lidskou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed. Ze studny jste si mohli nabrat medovinu nebo v\u00edno, koryty \u0159ek proudilo zlato a st\u0159\u00edbro. <\/span><\/p>\n

A aby t\u011bch z\u00e1zrak\u016f nebylo m\u00e1lo \u2013 \u010dlov\u011bk mohl nahl\u00e9dnout do budoucnosti. Tak\u017ee se v\u011b\u0161tilo \u2013 a to jak p\u0159i ve\u010de\u0159i samotn\u00e9, tak po n\u00ed. Louskaly se o\u0159echy (zdrav\u00e9 j\u00e1dro znamenalo zdrav\u00ed a hojnost, po\u0161kozen\u00e9 nebo vysu\u0161en\u00e9 nemoc, b\u00eddu \u010di dokonce smrt), kr\u00e1jelo se jablko apod. Svobodn\u00e9 d\u00edvky mohly ve studni uvid\u011bt obraz sv\u00e9ho budouc\u00edho \u017eenicha (co\u017e, koneckonc\u016f, zn\u00e1me z poezie K. J. Erbena)\u2026Na zimn\u00ed slunovrat se pekly ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed kol\u00e1\u010de, zdoben\u00e9 tak, aby p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly slunce. Jeden velk\u00fd kol\u00e1\u010d se potom rozd\u011blil mezi celou rodinu, co\u017e m\u011blo zajistit, \u017ee v\u0161ichni z\u016fstanou pohromad\u011b a budou zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nZdroj:<\/strong>\u00a0 Zimn\u00ed slunovrat a sta\u0159\u00ed Slovan\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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