{"id":148163,"date":"2022-12-23T22:48:16","date_gmt":"2022-12-23T21:48:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=148163"},"modified":"2022-12-25T21:08:04","modified_gmt":"2022-12-25T20:08:04","slug":"stara-sumava-o-vanocnim-carovani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=148163","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm \u010darov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V\u00e1noce pat\u0159ily oded\u00e1vna k nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm v roce. Sv\u00e1tky jsou op\u0159edeny kouzlem oby\u010dej\u016f, tradic, pov\u011bst\u00ed, p\u00edsn\u00ed a lidov\u00fdch zvyk\u016f. P\u0159edznamen\u00e1n\u00edm je podzim \u2013 \u00faroda z pol\u00ed je sklizena, p\u0159\u00edroda se chyst\u00e1 k zimn\u00edmu sp\u00e1nku a nast\u00e1v\u00e1 adventn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. Otev\u0159eme na chv\u00edli letit\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 a zalistujeme v jeho za\u017eloutl\u00fdch listech, kde se tak\u00e9 vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 na kouzlo V\u00e1noc.<\/h6>\n

V\u00e1noce d\u0159\u00edve nebyly obdob\u00edm stromk\u016f, kapra a d\u00e1rk\u016f, byl to temn\u00fd \u010das pln\u00fd hrozeb a strachu z temn\u00fdch sil. A lid\u00e9 proto \u010darovali, aby se udr\u017eeli na\u017eivu a p\u0159e\u017eili i v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce. Byl to \u010das, kdy se musela dodr\u017eovat velk\u00e1 spousta zvyk\u016f, aby se zajistila ochrana p\u0159ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00edm a katastrofou a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se do domu p\u0159ivolalo \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Nebylo to d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee by na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 n\u011bjak t\u00edhli k my\u0161lenk\u00e1m na smrt, ale je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v potaz fakt, \u017ee v jejich dob\u011b je spolehliv\u011b usmrtila t\u0159eba takov\u00e1 ch\u0159ipka, v okol\u00ed se neust\u00e1le pl\u00ed\u017eil mor, inkvizice a ciz\u00ed \u017eold\u00e1ci, tak\u017ee lid\u00e9 d\u011blali v\u0161e, co jim m\u011blo zajistit alespo\u0148 malou \u0161anci na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1sn\u011b o n\u011bm zp\u00edv\u00e1 b\u00e1sn\u00edk: \u201eHoj, ty \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010dere, ty tajemn\u00fd sv\u00e1tku, co ty komu dobr\u00e9ho nese\u0161 na pam\u00e1tku?\u201c Nebylo a nen\u00ed chalupy, kde by se na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den net\u011b\u0161ili a kde by necht\u011bli m\u00edti z n\u011bho do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku alespo\u0148 drobn\u016fstku pro pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat pod pokli\u010dku tajupln\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f. Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b hl\u00e1sil se chozen\u00edm past\u00fd\u0159e po staven\u00edch a hon\u011bn\u00edm st\u00e1da do Betl\u00e9ma. Past\u00fd\u0159 si toho dne p\u0159ivstal, vypravil se do lesa a tam si na\u0159ezal v\u011btvi\u010dek jedlov\u00fdch anebo tisu, o\u0161krabal je a chodil s nimi po staven\u00edch.<\/p>\n

A ani\u017e by vyb\u00edral, tak jak mu do ruky p\u0159i\u0161ly, h\u00e1zel je ve st\u00e1j\u00edch ke stropu a sna\u017eil se je zabodnouti nad hlavy krav, koz a kon\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se v\u011btvi\u010dka chytila a z\u016fstala zabodnut\u00e1 ve stropu, chr\u00e1nila tak po cel\u00fd rok dobytek. V obytn\u00e9m staven\u00ed h\u00e1zel past\u00fd\u0159 v\u011btvi\u010dky na zemi a p\u0159\u00e1l \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 a vesel\u00e9 v\u00e1noce. Kdy\u017e obe\u0161el celou ves, za\u0161el si do pastou\u0161ky pro bi\u010d a troubu a pr\u00e1skaje bi\u010dem a troub\u011b na troubu vyh\u00e1n\u011bl ze staven\u00ed kluky a honil je po vsi na znamen\u00ed sh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed st\u00e1da k horsk\u00e9 jeskyni. Kluci, kter\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed vystrkovali z chalup mnohdy za obrovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1\u0159ku, pob\u00edhali p\u0159ed past\u00fd\u0159em, m\u011bli na sob\u011b chomouty se zvonci, sk\u00e1kali, zvonili a be\u010deli, tak\u017ee n\u00e1ves podobala se posledn\u00edm dn\u016fm lidstva<\/p>\n

A zat\u00edm, co se toto podivn\u00e9 divadlo odb\u00fdvalo, vych\u00e1zeli sedl\u00e1ci ze staven\u00ed a st\u0159\u00edleli do v\u011btru, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sodoma jen zvy\u0161ovala. Kdy\u017e kone\u010dn\u011b zavl\u00e1dl op\u011bt klid, chodila past\u00fd\u0159ova \u017eena s n\u016f\u0161\u00ed kolem staven\u00ed a vyb\u00edrala jablka, kol\u00e1\u010de a o\u0159echy. Kdy\u017e past\u00fd\u0159sk\u00e9 zvyklosti skon\u010dily, vy\u0161li chlapci potaj\u00ed za humna, aby vyhl\u00e9dli si hv\u011bzdu. Byla to v\u017edy prvn\u00ed, ji\u017e spat\u0159ili. Z t\u00e9 strany, z n\u00ed\u017e sv\u00edtila, o\u010dek\u00e1vali p\u0159\u00edchod sv\u00e9 vyvolen\u00e9. Tak\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159i se chodili d\u00edvat na oblohu a dle mno\u017estv\u00ed hv\u011bzd usuzovali na hojnost \u00farody, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kulatiny jako hrachu, \u010do\u010dky a vikve. D\u011bv\u010data naslouchala op\u011bt, z kter\u00e9 strany ozve se o \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m ve\u010deru prvn\u00ed pes. Odtud o\u010dek\u00e1vala pak \u017eenicha.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e hospodyn\u011b byly hotovy se \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159\u00ed, pozvaly v\u0161echny do sv\u011btnice a vlastn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed slavnost za\u010dala. Na j\u00eddeln\u00edm l\u00edstku byla pov\u011bt\u0161in\u011b pol\u00e9vka, a to houbov\u00e1, ryb\u00ed, kroupov\u00e1 aneb km\u00ednov\u00e1 se \u017eemli\u010dkou, pak houbov\u00e1 om\u00e1\u010dka s chlebem, j\u00e1heln\u00e1 ka\u0161e se sirupem anebo
\ns cukrem, krupi\u010dn\u00e1 ka\u0161e s pern\u00edkem, karl\u00e1tka su\u0161ena aneb va\u0159en\u00e1 (\u0161vestky, nazvan\u00e1 podle Karla IV, kter\u00fd jejich sazenice dovezl z Francie) , k\u0159\u00ed\u017ealky, buchta s povidly, ryba, o\u0159echy a ovoce a n\u011bkdy i v\u00edno. Ve\u010de\u0159e zapo\u010dala modlitbou. Po ve\u010de\u0159i, p\u0159ed rozd\u00edlen\u00edm d\u00e1rk\u016f, se zp\u00edvalo. Kde nem\u011bli jesli\u010dek, m\u011bli aspo\u0148 chvojku a pod n\u00ed t\u0159eba chudi\u010dk\u00e9 d\u00e1rky, ale p\u0159ec jen n\u011bco na pam\u00e1tku od rodi\u010d\u016f, zn\u00e1m\u00fdch a p\u0159\u00e1tel. Po ve\u010de\u0159\u00ed se zkou\u0161elo \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Lilo se olovo, rozkrajovala se jablka a hru\u0161ky, louskaly se o\u0159echy a pou\u0161t\u011bly se lodi\u010dky.<\/p>\n

Ani na dobytek a dr\u016fbe\u017e se nezapom\u00ednalo. Kdy\u017e se ke kurn\u00edku nesly drobty z v\u00e1no\u010dky, \u0161lo se potichu. Ozvala-li se slepice, aneb zakokrhali kohout, bl\u00ed\u017eilo se ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, a proto ten, kdo nesl slepic\u00edm v\u00fdslu\u017eku, \u0161el velmi opatrn\u011b. Stejn\u00e1 pov\u011bra se zachovala p\u0159i no\u0161en\u00ed p\u00edce dobytku. Ozval-li se, bylo v\u017edy zle. O \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m dnu podle lidov\u00e9 pov\u011bry dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata mluv\u00ed lidskou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed. Kdo je ale usly\u0161\u00ed mluvit a prozrad\u00ed, co se dozv\u011bd\u011bl, do roka zem\u0159e. N\u011bkter\u00e1 ale pr\u00fd stejn\u011b um\u00ed mluvit jenom latinsky. A\u0165 ji\u017e ale dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata mezi sebou rozpr\u00e1v\u011bla nebo ne, v\u017edy dostala d\u00e1rek. P\u0159ed \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159\u00ed dost\u00e1vala koza od hospodyn\u011b jablko a o\u0159ech, aby m\u011bla sladk\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko. Kr\u00e1va se za o\u0159echy v \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edm krmen\u00ed odm\u011bnila \u017elut\u00fdm a tvrd\u00fdm m\u00e1slem. Kohout a houser dost\u00e1vali \u010desnek. Byli potom zl\u00ed a nikdo je neukradl. I pes dostal strou\u017eek \u010desneku, aby dob\u0159e hl\u00eddal.<\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch vyhazovali o \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m ve\u010deru psa oknem zadkem nap\u0159ed. Po cel\u00fd rok pak nevpustil nikoho ciz\u00edho do staven\u00ed. Ale ani na stud\u00e1nky se nezapomn\u011blo. D\u00e1valy se k nim zbytky od j\u00eddel, pro kter\u00e9 si chodil o p\u016flnoci ponocn\u00fd. O p\u016flnoci \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9ho se chodilo k vod\u011b. Kdo za hlasu p\u016flno\u010dn\u00edch zvon\u016f vysekal do ledu pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edho hladinu rybn\u00edka nebo jez\u00edrka otvor, mohl ve vod\u011b zahl\u00e9dnout budoucnost. Jinde hr\u00e1ly d\u011bti hru pod stromkem a p\u0159ed jeslemi. V peci se pekl chl\u00e9b, va\u0159ila chutn\u00e1 j\u00eddla, spalo se na n\u00ed a na lavici kolem n\u00ed sed\u00e1vali ve\u010der lid\u00e9 a pov\u00eddali si p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy a poh\u00e1dky. O V\u00e1noc\u00edch chodila k peci po \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i potm\u011b d\u011bv\u010data. Kdy\u017e v n\u00ed spat\u0159ila jisk\u00e9rku, znamenalo to nebezpe\u010d\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ru pro staven\u00ed. N\u011bkdy se z pece ozval hlas modl\u00edc\u00edho se. To bylo zl\u00e9 znamen\u00ed \u2013 n\u011bkdo v chalup\u011b do roka zem\u0159el. Jestli\u017ee d\u011bv\u010data usly\u0161ela z pece hudbu, \u010dekala je nap\u0159esrok veselka.<\/p>\n

Mnoz\u00ed v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee sv\u011btla a st\u00edny, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed p\u0159i \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i na zdech a strop\u011b, p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed d\u00e9lku \u017eivota. Komu se nepoda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt sv\u016fj st\u00edn, do roka zem\u0159el. V rodin\u00e1ch, kde p\u0159i\u0161li o d\u00edt\u011b, rozsv\u011bcovali o \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m ve\u010deru t\u0159\u00edroh\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee d\u011btsk\u00e9 du\u0161i\u010dky p\u0159il\u00e9taj\u00ed z r\u00e1je, raduj\u00ed se spole\u010dn\u011b se \u017eiv\u00fdmi z v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch oslav a rodi\u010de je mohou v plam\u00e9nku na okam\u017eik zahl\u00e9dnout.N\u011bkde chodili o \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m ve\u010deru past\u00fd\u0159i a provozovali past\u00fd\u0159skou hru. N\u011bkde p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011blo se narozen\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b v kostele o p\u016flnoci, je\u017e se ohla\u0161ovala troj\u00edm zvon\u011bn\u00edm. A p\u016flnoc\u00ed, velebn\u00fdm tichem chr\u00e1mu, tonouc\u00edm v mo\u0159i sv\u011btel, v koled\u00e1ch a p\u00edsn\u00edch kon\u010dil svoji sl\u00e1vu \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den, je\u017e dal srdci blaho, m\u00edr, l\u00e1sku, nad\u011bji a v\u00edru.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Z\u00cdBRT, \u010cen\u011bk. Den se kr\u00e1t\u00ed, noc se dlou\u017e\u00ed, Co nev\u00edte o \u010desk\u00fdch V\u00e1noc\u00edch<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  V\u00e1noce <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":270044,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/23\/r\u00e1m-\u010darov\u00e1n\u00ed.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148163"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=148163"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148163\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":270043,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148163\/revisions\/270043"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/270044"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=148163"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=148163"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=148163"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}