{"id":147930,"date":"2019-12-14T20:29:40","date_gmt":"2019-12-14T19:29:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=147930"},"modified":"2019-12-18T08:35:37","modified_gmt":"2019-12-18T07:35:37","slug":"stara-sumava-o-magickem-snitku-jmeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=147930","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O magick\u00e9m sn\u00edtku jmel\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sn\u00edtka jmel\u00ed<\/h6>\n

K sv\u00e1tk\u016fm bychom m\u011bli<\/em>
\n vz\u00edt z lesa trochu jmel\u00ed.<\/em>
\n Ve vr\u0161c\u00edch strom\u016f se k nebi vzp\u00edn\u00e1,<\/em>
\n nut\u00ed slunce, a\u0165 neus\u00edn\u00e1.<\/em>
\n A podivuhodn\u00e9 m\u00e1 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy —<\/em>
\n lec\u010d\u00edms um\u00ed prosp\u011bt zdrav\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

A\u017e zlat\u011b zn\u00e1 se skv\u011bt,<\/em>
\n by\u0165 v\u0161ude sn\u00edh a led,<\/em>
\n k jeho plod\u016fm se vrac\u00ed<\/em>
\n tam do korun strom\u016f pt\u00e1ci.<\/em>
\n O V\u00e1noc\u00edch zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 se divy d\u011bj\u00ed<\/em>
\n a jmel\u00ed skv\u00ed se po nad\u011bji.<\/em><\/p>\n

Starod\u00e1vn\u00e1 symbolika jmel\u00ed sice \u010dasem vyprchala, ale z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 spjato s kouzlem V\u00e1noc jako rostlina symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed pohodu a m\u00edr, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed cel\u00e9mu domu. Odprad\u00e1vna lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee jmel\u00ed na stromech neroste jen tak, ale pos\u00edlaj\u00ed ho bohov\u00e9, a proto mu p\u0159ipisovali l\u00e9\u010divou a magickou moc. Podle c\u00edrkve bylo jmel\u00ed velmi v\u00fdznamnou rostlinou.<\/h6>\n

Ran\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 mezi sebou tradovali, \u017ee jmel\u00ed bylo d\u0159\u00edve voln\u011b rostouc\u00edm mohutn\u00fdm stromem. Z jeho v\u011btve pr\u00fd Josef vy\u0159ezal kol\u00e9bku pro Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka. Pozd\u011bji strom porazili \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 a z jeho kmene byl vyroben k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, na n\u011bm\u017e byl Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n. Potomci stromu se v dal\u0161\u00edch letech natolik styd\u011bli za ud\u00e1losti na Golgot\u011b, \u017ee seschli do drobn\u00fdch ke\u0159\u00edk\u016f. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu bylo d\u0159\u00edve jmel\u00ed naz\u00fdv\u00e1no d\u0159evo k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee (latinsky Lignum crucis).<\/p>\n

Zp\u016fsob ob\u017eivy ke\u0159\u00edku symbolizuje ob\u0159ad p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed Kristova t\u011bla a krve, patrn\u011b i proto se v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici jmel\u00ed udr\u017eelo jako celosv\u011btov\u00fd symbol v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f. A pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b takov\u00e1to cizopasn\u00e1 rostlina je uct\u00edv\u00e1na s takovou silou? Je pr\u00fd \u017eiva z hostitelsk\u00fdch strom\u016f tak, jako my z Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova t\u011bla. Jmel\u00ed lidi odjak\u017eiva p\u0159itahovalo sv\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm. Taky na\u0161e p\u0159edky fascinovalo, \u017ee z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 celoro\u010dn\u011b zelen\u00e9. \u201eTato rostlina m\u00e1 bohatou p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165anskou a mimo k\u0159es\u0165anskou symboliku souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s pohansk\u00fdmi n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edmi a s magi\u00ed. Pova\u017eovalo se za l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9, nosilo se na krku proti k\u0159e\u010d\u00edm nebo neplodnosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad mezi star\u00fdmi Kelty \u0161lo o symbol znovuzrozen\u00ed, Slovan\u00e9 ho d\u00e1vali kolem \u00fal\u016f, aby se rozmno\u017eovala v\u010delstva.\u201c<\/p>\n

Slovo jmel\u00ed se odvozuje od slovesa jmout neboli chytat. V\u0161ak taky ve star\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b jsme ho znali jako prost\u0159edek na v\u00fdrobu lepu pro chyt\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f. P\u0159e\u0161el k n\u00e1m i p\u016fvodn\u011b anglick\u00fd zvyk l\u00edb\u00e1n\u00ed pod zav\u011b\u0161en\u00fdm jmel\u00edm. Uchytil se. Charles Dickens ho popisuje u\u017e v 19. stolet\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9mu mu\u017ei je dovoleno pol\u00edbit beztrestn\u011b kteroukoliv \u017eenu, je\u017e stoj\u00ed pod jmel\u00edm. Ta pak odtrhne z kytice jmel\u00ed jednu b\u00edlou kuli\u010dku. Posledn\u00ed kuli\u010dka se ponech\u00e1 na v\u011btv\u00edch a tato kyti\u010dka se uchov\u00e1 do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch v\u00e1noc spolu s bobulkou – jako symbol udr\u017een\u00ed l\u00e1sky a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed v dom\u011b. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed moc m\u00e1 pr\u00fd jmel\u00ed darovan\u00e9. Darovan\u00e9 jmel\u00ed m\u00e1 obdarovan\u00e9ho ochr\u00e1nit od nemoci, p\u0159in\u00e9st do domu spokojenost a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Posle jedn\u00e9 z tradic jmel\u00ed spln\u00ed jedno p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo je za\u0161ept\u00e1 do plam\u00ednku prvn\u00ed zap\u00e1len\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm strome\u010dku.<\/p>\n

V\u011btvi\u010dka jmel\u00ed pod pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159em pr\u00fd p\u0159ivol\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011b\u0161teck\u00e9 sny. Chcete-li v\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00fd bude v\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok, m\u016f\u017eete o V\u00e1noc\u00edch zkusit prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jmel\u00ed nahl\u00e9dnout do sv\u00e9 budoucnosti. V antice se pro zm\u011bnu v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee jmel\u00ed otev\u00edr\u00e1 br\u00e1ny do podsv\u011bt\u00ed, a proto se kladlo do hrob\u016f. Jedna z legend zase \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jmel\u00ed funguje jako zlat\u00e1 rybka – sta\u010d\u00ed jen potichu vyslovit svoje p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed do plamene sv\u00ed\u010dky v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho stromku a dal\u0161\u00ed pov\u011bra \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee zelen\u00e9 jmel\u00ed je pro zdrav\u00ed, zlat\u00e9 pro pen\u00edze a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 pro l\u00e1sku. Pos\u00edl\u00e1me virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bt\u00e9vku zelen\u00e9ho jmel\u00ed V\u00e1m v\u0161em, aby p\u0159inesla do Va\u0161ich domov\u016f l\u00e1sku, zdrav\u00ed, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a spln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Volksschule Ruderting – Emilie Gaisbauerov\u00e1, autor p\u0159eklad\u016f a \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f Jan Mare\u0161, Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch – Pov\u011bsti a pov\u011bry<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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