{"id":145538,"date":"2019-11-19T14:15:47","date_gmt":"2019-11-19T13:15:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=145538"},"modified":"2019-11-19T14:15:47","modified_gmt":"2019-11-19T13:15:47","slug":"stara-sumava-schwarzenberaci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=145538","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Schwarzenber\u00e1ci"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Schwarzenber\u00e1ci (velmi \u010dasto \u0160varcenber\u00e1ci p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b \u0160varcnber\u00e1ci) je pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fdm se ozna\u010dovali a dodnes ozna\u010duj\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci a zam\u011bstnanci na Schwarzenbersk\u00e9m dominiu a v kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edch podnic\u00edch do roku 1947, kte\u0159\u00ed v 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159eli specifickou komunitu v r\u00e1mci jiho\u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/h6>\n

Rokem 1848 bylo v \u010cech\u00e1ch zru\u0161eno poddanstv\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e byli obyvatel\u00e9 zpro\u0161t\u011bni povinnosti pracovat pro vrchnost. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch na Schwarzenbersk\u00e9m dominium od 18. stolet\u00ed a zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v 19. stolet\u00ed rostla \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 zam\u011bstnanc\u016f kn\u00ed\u017eat ze Schwarzenbergu. V roce 1765 kn\u00ed\u017ee a v\u00e9voda krumlovsk\u00fd Josef I. Adam nap\u0159\u00edklad zalo\u017eil tzv. Penzijn\u00ed fond pro zam\u011bstnance, do n\u011bj\u017e kn\u00ed\u017eata odv\u00e1d\u011bla finance, z nich\u017e byly vypl\u00e1ceny nejenom penze vyslou\u017eil\u00fdm zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm, n\u00fdbr\u017e i vdov\u00e1m a sirotk\u016fm.<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoliv tak bylo zru\u0161eno poddanstv\u00ed, mo\u017enost pracovat na “Kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edm” se stalo velmi lukrativn\u00ed a \u017e\u00e1danou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed i jedine\u010dn\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00edm p\u0159ilep\u0161en\u00edm. S ohledem na reformy kn\u00ed\u017eete Jana Adolfa II. a po\u010d\u00e1tek tzv. schwarzenbersk\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1zraku do\u0161lo i k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed vzd\u011blanosti v ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch \u2013 vedle Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fastavu v \u010cesk\u00e9m Krumlov\u011b pro budouc\u00ed schwarzenbersk\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance nebo lesnick\u00e9 \u0161koly ve Zlat\u00e9 Korun\u011b, byla zalo\u017eena i prvn\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 rolnick\u00e1 \u0161kola v Rab\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Na panstv\u00edch byly z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1ny nad\u011bjn\u00e9 d\u011bti, jim\u017e bylo umo\u017en\u011bno studovat zdarma nejenom v \u010cech\u00e1ch, ale dokonce byly na n\u00e1klady kn\u00ed\u017eete pos\u00edl\u00e1ny za studii do ciziny a pokud projevily z\u00e1jem, m\u011bly po dostudov\u00e1n\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 pozice doma v ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch. Ve 20. stolet\u00ed byly vedle vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch instituc\u00ed zakl\u00e1d\u00e1ny a podporov\u00e1ny i mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly pro d\u011bti zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a starobn\u00ed domovy pro zam\u011bstnance b\u00fdval\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edch podnic\u00edch zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b od dob Jana Adolfa II. a Adolfa Josefa byla nav\u00edc striktn\u011b uplat\u0148ov\u00e1na politika nestrannosti. Z\u00e1jemci o pr\u00e1ci a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd postup museli p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prok\u00e1zat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed vlastnosti a schopnosti. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm byla vylou\u010dena protekce na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1rodnosti a striktn\u011b odm\u00edt\u00e1ny jak\u00e9koliv projevy radik\u00e1ln\u00edho nacionalismu, co\u017e v dob\u011b t\u0159enic mezi \u010cechy a N\u011bmci na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159edstavovalo neb\u00fdvale stabiln\u00ed a produktivn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po finan\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1nce pak schwarzenber\u0161t\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci a \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci pob\u00edrali vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed plat ne\u017e v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b obdobn\u00fdch pozic ve st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1v\u011b, dost\u00e1valo se jim nap\u0159\u00edklad natur\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159ilep\u0161en\u00edch o V\u00e1noc\u00edch, d\u00e1le o\u0161acen\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00fdch dotac\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i koupi automobilu. Mimoto byly i v obdob\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 stagnace nev\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u00e9 podniky dotov\u00e1ny do doby, ne\u017e byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed transformace, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se p\u0159edch\u00e1zelo propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v ohro\u017een\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed jistoty a stabilita d\u00e1valy pozici zam\u011bstnance v kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edch podnic\u00edch n\u00e1dech exkluzivity. To v\u0161ak pro velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem v\u00fdznamn\u011b st\u011b\u017eovalo vstup do vlastn\u00ed komunity Schwarzenber\u00e1k\u016f. Nav\u00edc byly \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1na vysok\u00e1 produktivita, loajalita, inovativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010destn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo stav\u011bno nade v\u0161e a je\u017e bylo vy\u017eadov\u00e1no nejenom veden\u00edm, ale zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b samotn\u00fdmi zam\u011bstnanci mezi sebou. Veden\u00ed podnik\u016f a kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed rodina pak za sv\u00fdmi zam\u011bstnanci pevn\u011b st\u00e1la. Kdy\u017e byli nap\u0159\u00edklad po roce 1938 zat\u010deni gestapem dva \u010de\u0161t\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci na hranic\u00edch s nacistick\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem, s\u00e1m kn\u00ed\u017ee JUDr. Adolf Schwarzenberg, a\u010dkoliv mu jako otev\u0159en\u00e9mu antifa\u0161istovi hrozilo velk\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, odjel do Berl\u00edna, kde vyjednal jejich propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tato specifika \u010dinila komunitu Schwarzenber\u00e1k\u016f nejenom exkluzivn\u00ed, ale i uv\u011bdom\u011blou vlastn\u00ed specifi\u010dnosti a tedy i do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry uzav\u0159enou. Pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed pozice bylo nutn\u00e9 prok\u00e1zat nejen velk\u00e9 nad\u00e1n\u00ed, ale i osobn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmluvy a z\u00e1ruky. Ov\u0161em pojmy \u201eschwarzenbersk\u00fd\u201c, \u201eSchwarzenber\u00e1k\u201c a \u201ezam\u011bstnan\u00fd na Kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edm\u201c m\u011bly ve zbytku spole\u010dnosti velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam a Schwarzenber\u00e1ci se t\u011b\u0161ili obecn\u00e9mu uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a respektu. V dob\u00e1ch \u010desk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00ed uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed pat\u0159ili mezi p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed buditele na \u0160umav\u011b a v Po\u0161umav\u00ed \u2013 Hynek Gross, Josef Kulich, av\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u016fsobili jako medi\u00e1to\u0159i mezi \u010cechy a N\u011bmci.<\/p>\n

Po vzniku republiky se Schwarzenber\u00e1ci sdru\u017eovali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve Svazu \u010desk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f a z\u0159\u00edzenc\u016f kn\u00ed\u017eete ze Schwarzenberku se s\u00eddlem v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch, kter\u00fd ve 30. letech vyd\u00e1val vlastn\u00ed v\u011bstn\u00edk (\u010dasopis) Tradice, je\u017e nav\u00e1zal na tzv. Schwarzenbersk\u00e9 ro\u010denky. V\u011bstn\u00edk Tradice pravideln\u011b obsahoval \u010dl\u00e1nky o historii Schwarzenber\u00e1k\u016f, ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech a schwarzenbersk\u00fdch podnik\u016f. Obsahoval tak\u00e9 biografie v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed spjat\u00fdch s ji\u017en\u00edmi \u010cechami a \u0160umavou, inzer\u00e1ty nebo dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky a d\u00e1le informoval o d\u011bn\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch a v \u010ceskoslovensku.<\/p>\n

Svazu \u010desk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f a z\u0159\u00edzenc\u016f kn\u00ed\u017eete ze Schwarzenberku fungoval i jako odbor\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd svaz, kter\u00fd byl v aktivn\u00ed sou\u010dinnosti se schwarzenbersk\u00fdmi podniky. V dob\u011b v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed pak vystoupil na obranu st\u00e1tu. Po dohod\u011b s JUDr. Adolfem Schwarzenbergem, kter\u00fd p\u0159isp\u011bl na dostavbu \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho opevn\u011bn\u00ed proti N\u011bmecku \u010d\u00e1stkou 1 000 000 K\u010ds v roce 1937, bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee schwarzenber\u00e1ck\u00fd Svaz p\u0159isp\u011bje do Jubilejn\u00edho fondu na obranu st\u00e1tu jednor\u00e1zovou \u010d\u00e1stkou 15 000 K\u010ds a po dobu jednoho pololet\u00ed roku 1938 bude p\u0159isp\u00edvat 1 % ze sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f.<\/p>\n

Po obsazen\u00ed republiky nacisty roku 1939 uprchl tehdej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel schwarzenbersk\u00e9 primogenitury, kn\u00ed\u017ee a v\u00e9voda krumlovsk\u00fd JUDr. Adolf Schwarzenberg do exilu v It\u00e1lii a pozd\u011bji do USA. Pro jeho aktivity proti nacismu byl v roce 1940 zabaven cel\u00fd majetek primogenitury ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch kontrolovan\u00fdch nacisty gestapem a jeho adoptivn\u00ed syn JUDr. Jind\u0159ich Schwarzenberg byl zat\u010den a internov\u00e1n v koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e Buchenwald. Na cel\u00fd majetek schwarzenbersk\u00e9 primogenitury byla uvalena nucen\u00e1 spr\u00e1va a za\u010dala tvrd\u00e1 persekuce politicky nepohodln\u00fdch Schwarzenber\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n

Po roce 1945 v\u0161ak byla b\u011bhem trv\u00e1n\u00ed T\u0159et\u00ed republiky, jej\u00ed\u017e politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m ji\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u011b kontrolovala komunistick\u00e1 moc, uvalena nov\u00e1 nucen\u00e1 spr\u00e1va, n\u00e1vrat rodiny JUDr. Adolfa Schwarzenberga do vlasti nebyl vl\u00e1dou umo\u017en\u011bn a roku 1947 byl nakonec cel\u00fd majetek primogenitury tzv. z\u00e1konem Lex Schwarzenberg proti-\u00fastavn\u011b vyvlastn\u011bn.<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e se mezi schwarzenbersk\u00fdmi zam\u011bstnanci vzedmul odpor proti vyvlastn\u011bn\u00ed nebo organizovan\u00fdm agita\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159edstaven\u00edm komunistick\u00fdch p\u0159ed\u00e1k\u016f, ke zvratu ve v\u00fdvoji nedo\u0161lo ani p\u0159es protesty zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o nesouhlasu zas\u00edlan\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b. Pozd\u011bji byl zn\u00e1rodn\u011bn i Schwarzenbersk\u00fd penzijn\u00ed fond, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zam\u011bstnanci podnik\u016f o sv\u00e9 penze bez n\u00e1hrady p\u0159i\u0161li.<\/p>\n

B\u00fdval\u00ed schwarzenber\u0161t\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci se sna\u017eili ve sv\u00fdch podnic\u00edch uchovat duch minulosti i po roce 1947. Nap\u0159\u00edklad se sna\u017eili do veden\u00ed volit komunisty ze sv\u00fdch kruh\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159es sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry respektovali m\u00edstn\u00ed tradici, av\u0161ak s rokem 1948, n\u00e1stupem totalitn\u00ed moci a formov\u00e1n\u00edm velk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnik\u016f, byla jiho\u010desk\u00e1 tradice na star\u00fdch kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edch podnic\u00edch minulost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj: Tradice – V\u011b\u0161tn\u00edk \u010desk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f a z\u0159\u00edzenc\u016f kn\u00ed\u017eete ze Schwarzenberku v \u010c. Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch, kv\u011bten-\u010derven 1938, ro\u010d. 5, \u010d\u00edslo 3, str. 39;\u00a0 \u010ceskokrumlovsko: Mozaika d\u011bjin 1850 \u2013 1990, \u010cesk\u00fd Krumlov 2000, JEL\u00cdNKOV\u00c1, Dita, Majetkov\u00e1 perzekuce Adolfa Schwarzenberga v dob\u00e1ch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch i p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Schwarzenber\u00e1ci <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":177247,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/19\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-schwarzenber\u00e1ci.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145538"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=145538"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":177248,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145538\/revisions\/177248"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/177247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=145538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=145538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=145538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}