{"id":144410,"date":"2019-10-28T22:57:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-28T21:57:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=144410"},"modified":"2019-10-28T22:57:05","modified_gmt":"2019-10-28T21:57:05","slug":"stara-sumava-cas-dusickovy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=144410","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: \u010cas du\u0161i\u010dkov\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Na Du\u0161i\u010dky<\/strong>
\nKdy\u017e n\u011bkdo um\u0159el a d\u00e1vaj\u00ed ho sp\u00e1t<\/em>
\n tam dol\u016f do zem\u011b v t\u00e9 rakvi napo\u0159\u00e1d,<\/em>
\n je vl\u00eddn\u00e9 \u00faslov\u00ed, \u00fat\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 jak s\u00e1m \u010das:<\/em>
\n “My v\u0161ichni na Du\u0161i\u010dky p\u0159ijdeme k Tob\u011b zas!”<\/em><\/p>\n

Kdyby tak vskutku v\u0161ichni, kdo oplakali jej,<\/em>
\n sem p\u0159i\u0161li k jeho rovu za rok d\u011bj se co d\u011bj,<\/em>
\n pak na v\u011bnc\u00edch, co sem nesou, by\u0165 \u017eiv byl jeden kv\u011bt,<\/em>
\n i v \u010dern\u00e9 tm\u011b tam dole sm\u00ed v\u00edra rozpu\u010det.<\/em><\/p>\n

To z domova kdy\u017e m\u00e1 n\u011bkdo nav\u017edycky odej\u00edt,<\/em>
\n za\u017eiva v\u0161e tu ztratit, jen ze vzpom\u00ednek \u017e\u00edt,<\/em>
\n putovat bez \u00fat\u011bchy tak sv\u011btem sem a tam:<\/em>
\n nen\u00ed to v\u00edc jako by nav\u011bky um\u0159el n\u00e1m?<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00e1hrobn\u00ed k\u00e1men s\u00e1m sob\u011b, s\u00e1m sob\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd \u017eal<\/em>
\n opat\u0159\u00ed si a jm\u00e9nu vlastn\u00edmu zaj\u00edt dal.<\/em>
\n Poutn\u00edk tak do noci miz\u00ed i p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm jak sen,<\/em>
\n jak p\u00edse\u0148 a s n\u00ed ten sir\u00fd du\u0161i\u010dkov\u00fd den.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010cas du\u0161i\u010dkov\u00fd vyb\u00edz\u00ed ke vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1m. Sv\u011btlo je \u017eivot, tma p\u0159edstavuje smrt, prolamuje t\u00edse\u0148 a nostalgii smutn\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce listopadov\u00e9ho hned v jeho prvn\u00edm dnu slavnost\u00ed V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch. Raduje se z v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad smrt\u00ed v\u0161ech t\u011bch z\u00e1stup\u016f svat\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 by nikdo nespo\u010d\u00edtal. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed nejtemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed \u010das. P\u0159\u00edroda vypad\u00e1 \u0161ediv\u011b, jako by zest\u00e1rla a ust\u00e1val v n\u00ed \u017eivot. I lid\u00e9 c\u00edt\u00ed v\u00edc ne\u017e jindy, \u017ee na sv\u011bt\u011b je tak\u00e9 smrt.<\/h6>\n

Po stalet\u00ed sv\u011bt\u00ed katolick\u00e1 c\u00edrkev pam\u00e1tku v\u0161ech v\u011brn\u00fdch zem\u0159el\u00fdch jako Sv\u00e1tek zesnul\u00fdch, zvan\u00fd tak\u00e9 Du\u0161i\u010dky a p\u0159ipadaj\u00edc\u00ed na den 2. listopadu a p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed mu 1. listopadu slavnost V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch. V nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b nabyl sv\u00e1tek zejm\u00e9na z\u00e1sluhou pape\u017ee Pia X. na v\u00fdznamu a liturgick\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017enosti. Stal se sv\u00e1tkem v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm pro sp\u00e1su du\u0161\u00ed v o\u010distci. Od pontifik\u00e1tu pape\u017ee Benedikta XV. sm\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd kn\u011bz slou\u017eit troj\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165 m\u0161e svat\u00e9, co\u017e se jinak t\u00fdk\u00e1 toliko V\u00e1noc.<\/p>\n

Podle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 v\u00edry se zesnul\u00fdm v ten \u010das zem\u011b otev\u00edr\u00e1, du\u0161e se vracej\u00ed z o\u010distce zp\u011bt do sv\u00fdch n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edch pozemsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbytk\u016f nebo sed\u00ed na sv\u00e9m h\u0159bitovn\u00edm rovu, zat\u00edmco kolem kr\u00e1\u010d\u00ed proces\u00ed s kn\u011bzem, skr\u00e1p\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm hroby sv\u011bcenou vodou. I ty hroby, pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed nejchud\u0161\u00edm, b\u00fdvaj\u00ed na den Du\u0161i\u010dek bohat\u011b zdobeny, jakkoli b\u00fdvaj\u00ed na \u0160umav\u011b u\u017e hluboko pod sn\u011bhem, a to alespo\u0148 polo\u017een\u00edm skromn\u00e9 kyti\u010dky \u010di zara\u017een\u00edm k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee kr\u00e1\u0161len\u00e9ho rud\u00fdmi bobulemi je\u0159abin a b\u00edl\u00fdmi bobulemi p\u00e1meln\u00edku a na ka\u017ed\u00e9m z chudi\u010dk\u00fdch hrob\u016f ho\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed sv\u011btlo.<\/p>\n

Po svat\u00e9m Havlu jsou je\u0161t\u011b jasn\u00e9 noci nad horsk\u00fdm lesem a na Du\u0161i\u010dky v\u0161ak nebi vypadne sv\u011btlo z rukou. Nato rozhod\u00ed zima do str\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00edl\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dlouh\u00e9 samoty. O V\u0161ech Svat\u00fdch a o Du\u0161i\u010dk\u00e1ch se cesty jen hem\u017eily sb\u011bra\u010di du\u0161i\u010dek, lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed sb\u00edrali po sousedech du\u0161i\u010dkov\u00e9 pe\u010divo. Jsou to chleby na prst dlouh\u00e9: b\u00edl\u00e9 pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed, \u010dern\u00e9 pro ciz\u00ed (tak\u00e9 pro \u010dele\u010f). \u010casto jich b\u00fdvalo pe\u010deno a rozd\u011blov\u00e1no na sta kus\u016f.<\/p>\n

Starobyl\u00fd sv\u00e1tek zesnul\u00fdch se ohla\u0161oval i t\u00edm, \u017ee se v\u0161ichni obyvatel\u00e9 domu o p\u016flnoci v den Du\u0161i\u010dek probud\u00ed ze sna, shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed se ve sv\u011btnici a konaj\u00ed hodinovou pobo\u017enost. B\u011bhem t\u00e9 doby p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed k nim na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu zesnul\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9. Kv\u011btinov\u00e9 dary zase symbolizuj\u00ed v\u00edru ve v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot. Nesm\u00ed chyb\u011bt ani modlitba za du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00fdch. Du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00fdch v tento den \u00fadajn\u011b opou\u0161t\u011bli o\u010distec, d\u00edky tomu lid\u00e9 do lamp m\u00edsto oleje nal\u00e9vali m\u00e1slo, aby si neboh\u00e9 du\u0161e mohly o\u0161et\u0159it sp\u00e1leniny zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 o\u010distcem. B\u00fdvalo tak\u00e9 zvykem pro du\u0161i\u010dky vhazovat tento ve\u010der do ohn\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 pokrmy, co\u017e bylo m\u00edsty ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 vykoupen\u00ed z h\u0159\u00edch\u016f nebo tak\u00e9 n\u011bco jako du\u0161i\u010dk\u00e1m na p\u0159ilep\u0161enou. Kdy\u017e se r\u00e1no ozvalo zvon\u011bn\u00ed z kostela, musely se du\u0161i\u010dky vr\u00e1tit do o\u010distce.<\/p>\n

S t\u00edmto sv\u00e1tkem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 opravdu siln\u011b zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed a hlavn\u011b starobyl\u00e9 tradice je i spojeno mnoho stra\u0161ideln\u00fdch pov\u011bst\u00ed. V mnoha kraj\u00edch byly \u00fadajn\u011b zaznamen\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy se n\u00e1hodou, \u010di z\u00e1hadn\u00fdmi okolnostmi, selka, tetka, \u010di babi\u010dka vzbudila a neuv\u011bdomila si \u010das a b\u011b\u017eela na brzkou m\u0161i konaj\u00edc\u00ed se na Du\u0161i\u010dky. Nebylo v\u0161ak brzk\u00e9 r\u00e1no, ale p\u016flnoc, kdy na m\u0161i chod\u00edvaj\u00ed mrtv\u00ed. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak dorazila na m\u0161i, uv\u011bdomila si, \u017ee kolem sed\u00ed soused\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou ji\u017e d\u00e1vno mrtv\u00ed. Ned\u00e1vno zem\u0159el\u00e1 sousedka, nebo n\u011bkdo z p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch doty\u010dnou varoval, a\u0165 rychle odejde, jinak bude roztrhan\u00e1 zem\u0159el\u00fdmi. Ko\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek, kter\u00fd tato selka nechala v kostele, se r\u00e1no na\u0161el roztrhan\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Takt\u00e9\u017e se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee du\u0161e utopen\u00fdch, ob\u011b\u0161en\u00fdch, zast\u0159elen\u00fdch p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed na Du\u0161i\u010dky velk\u00e1 \u0161ediv\u00e1 mra\u010dna a umdlen\u00e9 du\u0161e je mus\u00ed dr\u017eet nad zem\u00ed, pokud se jim to nepoda\u0159\u00ed, strhne se velice prudk\u00fd lij\u00e1k. Mnoz\u00ed sedl\u00e1ci pr\u00fd vid\u011bli v t\u011bchto mra\u010dnech tak stra\u0161liv\u00e9 v\u011bci, \u017ee do konce sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota ji\u017e nepromluvili a p\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm mr\u00e1\u010dkem se s horliv\u00fdmi modlitbami zabarik\u00e1dovali doma. Je to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost zastavit se a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b v souvislosti s jeho kone\u010dnost\u00ed. Je to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost uct\u00edt sv\u016fj rod a to, \u017ee na sv\u011bt\u011b jsme jen d\u00edky na\u0161im p\u0159edk\u016fm. Oni by bez n\u00e1s \u017eili, my bez nich ne. Je to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost jim pod\u011bkovat a zavzpom\u00ednat na n\u011b. A pokud je je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco, co jsme jim neodpustili, je tento \u010das tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Je vhodn\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u00edvit jejich hrob, poklidit ho, polo\u017eit na n\u011bj \u010derstv\u00e9 kv\u011btiny, jejich\u017e v\u016fn\u011b je c\u00edtit a\u017e do nebes. Du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00fdch potom v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee na n\u011b poz\u016fstal\u00ed mysl\u00ed, c\u00edt\u00ed-li \u010derstv\u00e9 kv\u011btiny.<\/p>\n

Nezapome\u0148te zap\u00e1lit sv\u00edci. Za ka\u017edou du\u0161i\u010dku se zapaluje jedna sv\u00edce, aby ka\u017ed\u00e9ho zesnul\u00e9ho doprov\u00e1zelo jej\u00ed sv\u011btlo. Du\u0161i\u010dky mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed promluvit se sv\u00fdmi bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi o sv\u00fdch i o jejich p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edch t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se odchodu ze sv\u011bta a posledn\u00edho rozlou\u010den\u00ed. Smutn\u00fd podzimn\u00ed \u010das m\u00e1m r\u00e1d a jeden plam\u00ednek sv\u00ed\u010dky pro v\u0161echny m\u00e9 bl\u00edzk\u00e9 du\u0161e sta\u010d\u00ed na to, abych si uv\u011bdomila, \u017ee mi tu chyb\u00ed. Je naprosto jedno, kde ten plam\u00ednek pl\u00e1pol\u00e1, kdy\u017e h\u0159eje v srdci……<\/p>\n

Du\u0161i\u010dkov\u00e9 mrholen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mlha pln\u00e1 lampi\u010dek,<\/em>
\n v\u011bnc\u016f, kytic i kyti\u010dek,<\/em>
\n tlumen\u00e9 hlasy, sv\u00ed\u010dek svit.<\/em><\/p>\n

Po roce jsem tady znova,<\/em>
\n n\u00e1lada je du\u0161i\u010dkov\u00e1,<\/em>
\n nep\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 mrholit.<\/em><\/p>\n

Stoj\u00edm s v\u011bncem u h\u0159bitova,<\/em>
\n nenach\u00e1z\u00edm vhodn\u00e1 slova,<\/em>
\n rodi\u010de jdu nav\u0161t\u00edvit.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: Der B\u00f6hmerwald erz\u00e4hlt (1983), s. 60-61 Josef Messner, autor p\u0159eklad\u016f a \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f Jan Mare\u0161, Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch, Autor b\u00e1sn\u011b Marie Barto\u0161ov\u00e1, Tradice lidu<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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